Limulus Polyphemus

Limulus Polyphemus
The shell of Limulus polyphemus frequently serves as substrate for a large number of epibionts,
such as barnacles, mussels, oysters, polychaetes, slipper limpets, algae and other encrusting
invertebrates ( Botton, 2009; Botton et al. 2015). The term epibiosis is used to describe a non–
symbiotic, facultative association between the substrate organism and sessile animals (epizoans) or
epiphytic algae (Botton, 2009). Using horseshoe crabs as a substrate may be advantageous for the
epibionts in that it aids in gene dispersal and feeding opportunities (Botton & Shuster, 2003).
Because horseshoe crabs are migratory, any of the organisms that live on them must be able to
survive the same wide range of temperatures and salinities as their hosts (Botton, 2009). Recently,
there has been a renewed interest in the American horseshoe crab, primarily due to concern over the
increases in harvest that have coincided with decreases in spawning abundance and density of eggs
in beach sediments (James–Pirri et al. 2005). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2009). Unlike the Delaware Bay region where there is one large, intermixing horseshoe crab
population (Swan, 2005; Smith et al. 2009), the New England region is made up of a series of
coastal embayments that support populations with relatively limited movement between them
(James–Pirri et al. 2005; Smith et al. 2009). Compared to horseshoe crabs in the mid–Atlantic states,
Limulus polyphemus populations on New England appear to be more localized, move shorter
distances and are not known to migrate offshore (Botton & Ropes, 1987; James–Pirri et al. 2005).
Baptist et al. (1957) underwent a three year tagging study in Massachusetts that showed the vast
majority of horseshoe crabs remained inside the estuary year round, and fewer than 0.01% were
found outside of the estuary where they were initially
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Descriptive Essay On Niagara Falls
Two places I would like to live in when I grow up, would be either in Toronto, the capital of
Ontario, located in southeastern Canada, or Niagara Falls, the most southern point in Ontario, a
major tourist city in Canada. Why? Perhaps my primary reason may be because Niagara Falls is my
hometown and I have lived in Toronto for six years. Of course, there are many alternative reasons
likewise. Such as the scenery of the Niagara Falls itself is quite beautiful, moreover natural, hence
as it is number five accordingly of the world's top visited tourist attractions. In addition, 22.5 million
people visit annually, acquiring maximum tourists from June through August. This fascinating city
overlooks the Horseshoe Falls, otherwise known as the Canadian Falls, which carries nine times
more water than its American counterpart. Here, the alluring crescent shaped cataract is a prodigious
fifty four meters, or one hundred and seventy seven feet high. Going up close to the falls on the boat
was just incredible, although I was only four at the time–I still remember–to think, by what means
did nature make something so befittingly stunning! As we neared the falls, the sound of the limpid,
fleet water rapids joyfully cascading off the cliff like syrup, consequently pounding against the rocks
at the bottom, unmistakably gets louder likewise thundering, until it is deafening. Despite the sound
being obstreperous, it is a fraction of nature's rumbles, making it vibrantly flawless. Accumulating

Crabs In Delaware Bay
Each spring, the Delaware Bay becomes the site of one of the most spectacular and ancient
phenomena in the natural world: the spawning of horseshoe crabs and the flocking of ravenous
shorebirds that depend on them. On moonlit nights in May and June, thousands of the crabs crawl
ashore on Delaware Bay beaches at high tide to lay eggs, as they have for 450 million years. The
crabs are sometimes so dense that the water's edge looks like a road paved with brown shells. WHY
COUNT THE CRABS? Knowing how many horseshoe crabs there are helps fisheries managers
develop effective policy for managing populations. You can help by volunteering to count the crabs
in May and June. To help with the crab survey, register with the Delaware Department of

Horseshoe Durab Eggs: An Analysis
It's completely dark and the ocean wind sends chills through every layer of my clothing– the
biologist leading our team packs up his drill and finishes his evaluation of that night's horseshoe
crab mark– and– recapture event. I aimlessly scan the sand around my feet and am taken aback by
something noticeably different; virtually indistinguishable from the sand are tiny, pale green
horseshoe crab eggs– millions of them among huge stretches in every direction. Inspecting a few of
the paler eggs, I was shocked to see that within each was a nearly microscopic, moving embryo of
the arthropods. Never was I more aware of the sheer abundance of life around me than in that
moment, something that will remain as a source of inspiration for many years

Why Is The Stonehenge Important
The Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located on a 'chalky plain' north of Salisbury,
England. It was built between 4,000–5,000 years ago and believed to be completed in 3100 BC. It is
made up of two main stones: Sarsens and Bluestones. The sarsen stones are considered the biggest
stones, while the bluestones are referenced as the smallest ones. There are many mysteries of the
Stonehenge that have yet to be revealed. It is a magical and allegorical monument in England.
The surface area of one of the stones used in a Trilithon Horseshoe is 222.87m^2. I found the
surface area using the formula, PH+2B. The volume of the same stone is 8.075m^3. This was found
using the formula, BH. These formulas were used to calculate the surface area and the volume
because the shape of the stone I chose is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three theories that are thought to be the reason in creating the massive monument. One
theory is that it was used as a sacred burial site. Finds of skeletons and burial mounds and the
existence of a ceremonial route are evidence that it was used as a burial site. Another theory is that it
was used as a site Celestial and Astronomical Alignments. The only evidence to support this theory
is that the timings of the cermonies are significant. Lastly, there is a theory in which the Stonehenge
was used as a place for healing. Many ancient societies argue that the bluestones had healing
properties. Many sacred and significant stones make up the construction of the Stonehenge. The
Trilithon Horseshoe is five sets of stones arranged in a horseshoe shaped pattern. The Slaughter
Stone is a stone in the ground which is regarded as the entrance to the monument. The sun rises next
to the Heel Stone during the summer solstice. The Heel Stone is located along the Avenue, a series
of ditches. Finally, the Alter Stone, located inside the Trilithon Horseshoe, is made up of

Lucky Horseshoe Law Case Study
Introduction Lucky Horseshoe Restaurant which is a community restaurant owns and manages by
Ms. Phyllis Smith, has been receiving complaint from nearby neighbor Ms. Ann Reid. Ms. Reid has
filed a complaint with the local police department about the patrons of Lucky Horseshoe Restaurant,
within the complaint Ms. Reid express her emotion about the restaurant by using strong foul
language such as, "drunks" and "whores". Ms. Smith, has filed a lawsuit against Ms. Reid stating,
"The restaurant sales has dropped 30% because of Ms. Reid attitude toward the restaurant, which on
multiple occasions Ms. Reid has tried to fights with the bartender and even calling him Satan." Ms.
Smith stated, " These encounter happen on the patrons of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Miller, 2017). For example, SSA which stands for Social Security Administration can be regulation
and operation to help the people within the administration. Administrative agencies are charged with
protecting the public's civil rights, privacy, and safety. Court decision rules and help make the
outcome of case law. The important of case law is it can be interprets with statues, regulation,
constitutional provisions and other case law. (Miller, 2017). Judges decisions which are made in
previous cases can make a case law. Case laws decisions can come from civil lawsuit, state court,
local court and federal court. For example, if I had file a civil lawsuit against someone about an
incident and win the case. A few years later, somebody else has a similar incident, but loses their
case. The court the court must use the previous court's decision in applying the law. Based on this
scenario the source of law which would apply under statutory law. Statutory law also includes local
ordinances and citation. Within the local government department such as a municipal or even county
they have the power to pass an ordinance. The reason why ordinance are, so important because it
can be used city laws, building safety codes and other matter with can have an effects on ordinances
which has been violated. Due to Ms. Reid action the Lucky Horseshoe Restaurant which is a
community restaurant sale has dropped 30 %. The restaurant employees and customers no long feel
safe, while

Horseshoe Bay Research Paper
Horseshoe Bay, Bowen | Tourism Whitsundays Meta Description: Horseshoe Bay is a great location
for families and couples to swim, fish, picnic or just relax. The Mother Beddock Rock is a must–
visit in Bowen. Body: Horseshoe Bay Horseshoe Bay, located in Bowen gets its name from the
spectacular horseshoe stamped shape of the beach. This beautiful landmark is one of the most
frequented beaches in Bowen. It is located at the topmost portion of Cape Edgecumbe. If you are in
Bowen, you must set some time aside to visit Horseshoe Bay. Mother Beddock Rock Mother
Beddock is an extremely famous attraction in Bowen. On hiking up the Mother Beddock Walking
Track, you will reach the Balancing Rock also known as the Mother Beddock Rock. It seems like
the

Battle Of Horseshoe Bend Strengths And Weaknesses
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend illustrated some important lessons that are as applicable to today's
military operational environments as they were back then These lessons are timeless. Studying this
battle can help leaders and Commanders identify strengths and weakness that lead to mission
success and enemy defeat. General Andrew Jackson had engaged the enemy Creek Indians in
previous battles. He was able to learn valuable lessons and make adjustments to ensure that the
Battle of Horseshoe Bend achieved his operational objectives and had the desired end state for
mission success.
Armies cannot sustain or conduct combat operations without effective logistical supply lines. Lack
of supplies lead to poor morale and capitulation of forces. Jackson led several campaigns against the
Creek Indians prior to the Battle of Horseshoe Bend but could not accomplish his operational
objectives due to a lack of supplies and long supply lines. In the winter of 1814, Jackson suffered
great losses when he led an Army of inexperienced, undisciplined and under supplied forces to fight
the Red Sticks at Emuckfau and Enotochopco. He barely escaped with his life and was forced to
retreat to Fort Strother.
After winter, in March of 1814, Jackson left Fort Strother with the intent to extend supply lines by
building a new fort which came to be known as Fort Williams. This fort was closer to Horseshoe
bend and General Jackson was determined to achieve victory and defeat the Red Sticks at the

Quotes From The Horseshoe
The Horseshoe "What do you wish to be when you grow up son"said the dad" I want to be in the
N.F.L. when I grow up." (Doorbell Rings) "I wonder who that could be ill go check the door."said
dad" That's weird there's no one here except this weird horseshoe that's glowing. Well i'll just put it
on the mantel for now. Hey son do you want to go to a football game tonight" yah"said the son".
After they left the mom found it and said "i wish that they would clean up after themselves once in
awhile" suddenly the house is clean out of nowhere then when they get back she tells them about the
horseshoe and then the dad takes it and wishes for $1,000,000 then "can I have the final wish
please" they both decide to let him have it and then he wishes that

Westward Expansion: The Battle Of Horseshoe Bend
The United States expansion into the western territories, motivated by an increasing number of
settlers and their requisite demand for land ownership, was well under way and picking up steam by
the early 1800's. Native American resistance progressed to be one of the principal challenges, for
U.S. forces and settlers alike, during their quest of westward expansion. The increasingly common
and vicious skirmishes between Native Americans and U.S. forces, to include the westward
migrating settlers, caused the war over land rights to reach a level that would prove to be
insurmountable for most Native Americans. One such skirmish led to The Battle of Horseshoe
Bend; this battle had an overwhelming effect on the southern expansion of the United

Horseshoe Crabs
For years, directors have made several movies insinuating what life would be like if dinosaurs were
living on Earth today, such as what dinosaurs would look like and how they would act.
Archeologists, paleontologists, and other researchers have proven the existence of dinosaurs. Fossil,
preserved remains, evidence dates back to over 200 million years ago ("Dinosaur"). Each fossil, or
remains, gives identifying information about the creature that once lived. Experts have revealed
dinosaurs to be in the reptile category. Nevertheless, not all reptiles are dinosaurs. However, aquatic,
land, and air life in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic eras in which dinosaurs lived and the Cenozoic era, also
known as the present time, animals share many similarities. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The transition started with the Triassic period bringing on animals such as dinosaurs. A familiar
animal, the Crocodilians also referred to as crocodiles first arrived during the Triassic period along
with turtles. The most common period throughout the Mesozoic era is the Jurassic. The Jurassic
period is known for movies such as Jurassic Park and Jurassic World, but it is where reptiles began
to dominate the world until the Cretaceous period. Crocodiles are closely related to birds. The
Archaeopteryx, one of the first birds, contained similar characteristics of nonavian dinosaurs such as
teeth, feathers, an extended vertebral column to form a long tail, and a big brain ("Dinosaurs").
During the Cretaceous period, vegetation flourished, large reptiles, dinosaurs, began extinction, and
accurate birds, seen today, thrived. Both crocodiles and birds live on Earth and are the closest thing
to dinosaurs anyone will

Case Study: The Greater Golden Horseshoe
The Greater Golden Horseshoe is one of the fastest growing areas in Canada and the third fastest in
North America. Modes of transportation and congestion due to the mass growing population has put
stress on many people within the area. Additionally, 100000 people and approximately 80,000 jobs
will be created yearly for the next 20 years (Transportation, 2016). The GTA West Transportation
Corridor is a new initiative for the Golden Horseshoe area that will be able to cope with the growth
of the areas involved. Because of this widespread project, many stakeholders are involved and are
going to be affected. Consultation with agencies, municipalities, First Nations and Métis
communities, members of the public and other interest groups will be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Municipal Executive Advisory Group is a new stakeholder group advisory group that was
formed for stage 2 of the project. This group includes a forum for the discussion of broad, strategic
an inter0regional transportation issues (Transportation, 2016). The members involved in this
stakeholder group include senior staff members form the Regional Municipalities of Halton, Peel
and York (Transportation, 2016). The Regulatory Agency Advisory Group is another stakeholder
group that includes potentially affected provincial ministries, agencies and federal departments
(Transportation, 2016). The last stakeholder group includes First Nations and Métis Communities.
The GTA West project team is appealing and considering the interests and thoughts and values of
multiple First Nation and Métis communities. Some of these communities include; Mississaugas of
the New Credit First Nation, Alderville First Nation, Curve Lake First Nation, Beausoleil First
Nation and Credit River Métis Council (Transportation,

A Brief Note On Co Ordinated Review : Shaping Land Use For...
Background
Specific Issues: Co–ordinated Review: Shaping Land Use in the Greater Golden Horseshoe
Workshop in OPPI 2016 Conference
The Golden Horseshoe Area is identified through the literature in this part because of its special
economic status in the province. The province of Ontario initiated a coordinated review of the
provincial four plans in 2015. Members of the public, stakeholders, municipalities and organizations
provided feedback on how the plans are preforming and how they may be improved (MMAH.,
2016a). To support the co–ordinated review, Ontario appointed a panel, chaired by David Crombie,
to develop recommendations on how to amend and improve the plans. The Panel has completed its
work and submitted the report Planning for Health, Prosperity and Growth in the Greater Golden
Horseshoe: 2015 – 2041 (MMAH., 2015). One year later, the updated 2016 Proposed Greenbelt
Plan was issued on May 2016, and asked for public consultation again until end of Oct 2016.
I have attended the workshop of discussing the reviewing process of the Plan and thus have a
reflection on this topic. I will go through the review process of the coordinated land use planning in
Greenbelt Plan and take City of Hamilton as a case study.
History of the Greenbelt Plan
Greenbelt Plan is one of the key plans and plays a very important role in agricultural land
preservation, water resources protection and natural heritages. The draft Plan was released in 2004
and required comments from public and

Goals Of Wildlife Conservation
The main goals of wildlife conservation are to preserve and protect nature so that it will be around
for future generations of both wildlife and humans to enjoy. It is essentially the attempt to protect
endangered animal and plant species and their natural habitats. In researching two different
vertebrate species in the United Kingdom, one that has benefitted from a population increase in
recent years and one that has recently seen a decline in population, the similarities and differences in
the various challenges that they face can be investigated. The proposed solutions to improve the
situation for the declining species will then be discussed.
Species Recent History
The UK population of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, has significantly
increased over the last twenty years (Bat Conservation Trust, 2017). This recent success can be
attributed to many factors such as the change in climate providing a more favourable environment
for populations to grow. The increased temperatures in the spring season result in pups being born
earlier in the year and a greater abundance of sustenance being available (Froidevaux et al, 2017).
Females will mate from autumn until spring visiting various breeding territories in doing so. This
enables the females that rarely change colonies, to strengthen their colonies by choosing the best
possible genetic material to pass to their offspring (Rossiter et al, 2000).
In contrast to this the Gwyniad, Coregonus pennantii, a

Horseshoe Bend Research Paper
In your opinion, what significance does this obscure battle have in the expansion of the United
States? The battle of horseshoe was the catalyst of western expansion. The Indians occupied
southern and western territories. Some land given by the US Government others have been occupied
for centuries by the Indians. Compounding the situation, Indians considered certain areas as sacred
and holy. The massacres (Fort Mims near Mobile, Alabama) at the hand of Red Stick Indians
desensitized people to the Indians plea. The Red Sticks Indians, part of the Upper Creek nation in
Alabama, were inspired by Tecumseh. Tecumseh preached to natives about unity and to stand up to
the white culture and communities. He wanted Native Americans to maintain their cultural ways and
hold onto their lands. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In August, 1814 Jackson and chiefs from the Creek nation signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson. The
Creeks gave 23 million acres of land. This is half of the state of Alabama as well as a large portion
of southern Georgia. Without the victory at Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson may not have become
president, the Indians may have been allowed to maintain their land and western expansion would
have become stagnant. The treaty of Fort Jackson increased our southeastern and western agriculture
base by 23 million acres and opening up and cleared an open path to the west. This also will later be
a catalyst for the western railroad expansion to transport people and goods to western territories.
With Andrews Jackson's victory at Horseshoe Bend and other Indian war successes, he became a
national hero. His popularity helped him win the election as President. Andrew Jackson, being
unsympathetic to Indian culture, was instrumental in implementing the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
This Act forcibly moved Indians from the Southern territories to the present states of Arkansas and
Oklahoma; this was known as the Trail of

Taking a Look at Horseshoe Crabs
Horseshoe crabs are considered "living fossils" or evolutionary survivors because the external
appearance barely changed in over 150 million years. The horseshoe crab is part of the arthropods,
which include organisms such as spiders and scorpions. The horseshoe crab is made up of the
prosoma, which is the head, opisthosoma, which represents the central part of the body and the
telson, which is the tail. The tail is harmless and is only used to help the crab flip itself over if it's
turned over on the wrong side. Horseshoe crabs have been researched numerous times. Findings
include their, ancestry, survival, morphological changes (if any) and phylogenetic research among
the different variations of horseshoe crabs. Studies have found information on ancestral species of
current horseshoe crabs. Xiphosurids, which are very old fossils that were not easily found;
however, they were compared in body structure of current time horseshoe crabs and showed that
there was hardly any change in the body structure. The body plan of a xiphosurid is described as
having large crescent like shield in the anterior portion of its body resembling an invertibrate with
lateral compound eyes. Xiphosurids are also classified as having opisthosomal tergites built into a
thoracetron and having a long styliform telson (Rudkin et al. 2008). Ancestry of xiphosurid has so
far been researched as a group of rare Middle–Late Palaeozoic fossil arthropods, which are in the
group of

Case Study: Oshawa Ontario
Oshawa Ontario is a city of just over 150,000 people located about 40 minutes East of Toronto.
Oshawa is most widely known for the General Motors car plant that has been there as long as
anyone can remember. To me though, Oshawa is not just the home of General Motors, it is also my
home. I was born in the Oshawa Hospital and remained living in Oshawa until this year, when at the
age of 24 I moved to continue my post–secondary education. My house in Oshawa is near the end of
a short quiet dead end street away from all the traffic and congestion the city is known for. I have
always had a passion for nature and consider myself very fortunate to have naturalized areas both
right outside of my back gate, and at the end of my street. It became especially apparent to me how
fortunate I was as Oshawa expanded, making it more and more difficult to find subdivisions with
any sign of nature, other than a small park. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These forests are mixed forests, meaning they have both deciduous and coniferous trees. Some tree
species found in these forests are eastern white cedar, white ash, white birch and balsam poplar
(Eusebi, 2011). Abundant vegetation native to Oshawa surrounds the creek and includes lady fern,
sweet flag, yellow giant hyssop, Canada anemone, turtlehead, spotted joe–pye weed, large–leaved
aster, red osier dogwood and meadowsweet (Native Plants in Claremont, 2014). The stream running
through the meadow is a part of the Oshawa creek, which is often used by locals as a place to catch
fish (Durham Region,

Sam Houston Bibliography : Texas Government
Sam Houston Bibliography: Texas Government Many books have been written about the famous
Texan Samuel Houston, better known as just Sam Houston. He was born on March 2nd 1793, just
outside of Lexington, Virginia to his father, Samuel Houston, who was a veteran of the
Revolutionary war, and his mother, Elizabeth Paxton. Sam had four older brothers and when he was
three his brother William was born, James (1929). A year after that the first girl in his family was
born named Mary. Mary was Sam's favorite. Sam's father, then Major Sam Houston, died when he
was thirteen years old and less than a year later his mother moved the family to Tennessee. When
Sam was fifteen years old in 1809 he ran away from home because his older brothers were forcing
him to work in the family owned store in Maryville, James (1929), and spent three years living
amongst the Cherokee Indians who adopted him and dubbed him Colonneh, which translates to "the
Raven". After his experience with the Indians Houston retained a consistent empathetic view toward
Indians. After war erupted between the Americans and the British, Houston joined the United States
Army in 1813 as a twenty year old private. His mother's response according to DeBruhl, (1993),
"There, my son, take this musket and never disgrace it: for remember, I had rather all my sons
should fill one honorable grave, than that one of them should turn his back to save his life. Go, and
remember, too, that while the door of my cottage is open to brave

The And The Levi Jordan Plantation
Blacksmithing and the Levi Jordan Plantation
Introduction
Have you ever wondered about the mysteries of Texas plantations? Well, this paper will hope to
solve some of those incredible mysteries. Blacksmithing is a cool job that keeps the culture of the
medieval castles and knights possible. It is a great way to understand how life was in the past. Some
other things this paper will go over are artifacts found on the plantation, differences from past life to
today, things about blacksmiths, and how things were made.
Backstory
First of all, some backstory about the plantation this paper is about is that Levi Jordan was born in
Georgia and inherited land in Brazoria–the Levi Jordan Plantation. The Levi Jordan Plantation was
built by Levi ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the decades went on the blacksmiths began to do more tool and vehicle repair and spent less of
their time making items. Their tools can be divided into three categories, the flames, the anvil and
sledge/hammer, and the some other equipment. Under the first group was the bellows, the shovels,
the rake and pretty much anything else used to move the coals, and the water trough. Under the
second group was the tongs, cutters and chisels, as well as hammers and anvils. In the third group
was the shoeing box (which contains knives, rasps, and files) to make horses ' feet and horse shoes.
They made items by first softening the metal over a flame. They then used a bellows to get the flame
as hot as necessary. There are three levels of heat, snowball heat, full–welding heat, and light–
welding heat. The hottest is snowball heat, which refers to white heat; is used to weld. Then there is
full–welding heat, not quite as hot as snowball, employed to weld mild steel. The last is low or
light–welding heat, rarely used because of how difficult it is. Then when it is hot enough the
blacksmith hits it with a hammer to shape it. A blacksmith is trained as an apprentice by a more
experienced blacksmith because there was no trade school. Some things that blacksmith's construct
are ploughshares, sickles, scythes, metal parts for wagons and carriages, wheel rims, tools, axe
heads, hammers, shovels, hoes, pitchforks, nails, screws, bolts,

Niagara Falls Research Paper
Two places I would like to live when I grow up would be either in Toronto, the capital of Ontario,
located in southeastern Canada, or Niagara Falls, the most southern point in Ontario, a major tourist
city in Canada. Why? Perhaps my primary reason is that Niagara Falls is my hometown and Toronto
is the longest place I've lived so far–six years. Of course, there are many alternative reasons
likewise. Such as the scenery of the Niagara Falls itself is extremely beautiful, moreover natural,
hence it is number five of the world's top visited tourist attractions respectively. According to "The
World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions" by the Huffington Post, 22.5 million people visit
annually, acquiring maximum tourists from June through August. This fascinating city overlooks the
Horseshoe Falls, otherwise known as the Canadian Falls, which carries nine times more water than
its American counterpart. Here, the alluring crescent shaped cataract is a prodigious fifty four
meters, or one hundred and seventy seven feet high. Going up close to the falls on the boat was just
incredible, although I was only four at the time–I still remember–to think, by what means did nature
make something so befittingly stunning! As we neared the falls, the sound of the limpid, fleet water
rapids joyfully cascading off the cliff like syrup, consequently pounding against the rocks at the
bottom, unmistakably gets louder likewise thundering, until it is deafening. Despite the sound being
obstreperous, it is a fraction of nature's rumbles, making it vibrantly flawless. Accumulating at the
bottom, it foamed into lather, bubbling to the surface, shimmering and sparkling as if bejeweled
with silver, glinting in the aureate light. At that moment the sun came out, its rays catching onto the
watery slide, setting onlookers into a trance. Simultaneously turning it glittery like shreds of silky
silver, magical like a spray of fairy dust. While significantly having the same dreamy and illusory
façade of a Renaissance painting and the glistening sorcery a mirage brings, it created a filmy
mystique around the cascade. As it gurgled within its depths and tinkled on the surface–us onlookers
were astonished. Sometimes, a faint band of distinctive

The War Of The Creek War
American Hitler
Andrew Jackson was the "by–any–means" type of American, who had no real concern for the long–
term effects of his actions. He would gladly slaughter a tribe of Natives to further U.S. holdings, as a
matter of fact, he did, several in fact. However, although Jackson committed a great deal of such
atrocities, some of which are incredibly well–known, he's still viewed as, above all else, a national
hero by some in the present–day. Prior to Jackson's presidency, wherein the great majority of well–
known Jackson–driven atrocities against the Natives occur, Jackson proved to be a monster for the
Natives. After the Creek War, Jackson happily punished the Creeks, whether they be friend or foe.
The Creek War was originally an internal conflict between two subsets of the Creek people, but
Jackson saw this as an opportunity to force the Natives to cede land. Much of the conflict was
between the Lower Creeks, whom Jackson would eventually "ally" with, and the Upper Creeks,
A.K.A. the Red Sticks, who, unlike the Lower Creeks, were highly opposed to the U.S.
encroachment and subsequent assimilation. As time passed and conflict progressed amidst the Creek
people, outside involvement became an integral part of the war. Militant forces from several
southern states amassed forces to combat the Red Sticks. Jackson himself, on Tennessee's behalf, led
a party of approximately 1,000 men along with an additional contingent of Cherokee warriors. After
his, and America's, first

Andrew Jackson, The Man On The Twenty Dollar Bill
Andrew Jackson, the man on the twenty dollar–bill, is a highly respected commander and an
individual who should not be reckoned with. In Hickey's Glorious Victory, he is regarded as the
"People's President" and is arguably one of the best leaders to have ruled this nation (Hickey, 48).
Despite his success as president, he is tangled in many contradictions. For example, he is known to
be racist to the Natives, but adopting a native orphan; he is also known as a slaveholder, but he also
welcomed free African Americans to join his army; he is a general who lectured his superiors and
ignored orders, while simultaneously demanded unquestionable obedience from his men. Although
some individuals question the appropriateness of Jackson's face on the twenty–dollar bill, his
achievements during presidency and in the military preserved the cohesiveness of the American
people through his leadership and unrelenting resilience. Jackson's leadership played a prominent
role in the victory of the war in 1812. Although he had disagreements with Wilkinson during the
Burr Conspiracy in 1807, Jackson was able to set "aside his animosity to put the nation first" (46).
One hardship Jackson faced between his men and commanding officers was the uprising of
mutinies; he was able to keep his soldiers in line by instilling fear in them by having his officers
read the section of death penalty for mutineers in the Articles of War. Furthermore, in the middle of
his campaign in Natchez, he was

The Importance Of The Natural Hoof Care Practitioner Of...
"I predict that the natural hoof care practitioner of the future will be less of a trimmer, than a
diagnostician of healthy changes in the hoof and an expert at creating natural behavioral stimuli in
the track that serve the adaptation mechanism"(Jackson). What I will be talking about in this
research paper is shoeing horses. Contemplating the workings of horse hooves, I found that a horse
being shod does not hurt the hoof like so many would argue because when a horse is working on
hard ground – the wearing down of the hoof is greater than the hoof growth and protection prevents
soreness. My main points throughout this paper will be the history of horseshoes, different types of
hooves, how natural selection has been prevalent in Mustangs, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"The sensitivity of horses' hooves was minimized by the use of the iron horseshoe, which came into
use in Europe around 950. The horseshoe provided protection against hard surfaces and on soft
ground and allowed horses to dig in their hooves to pull loads"(Oxford Encyclopedia 516). Not only
was the use of shoes documented in Europe, but it was also documented in Asia. "The great
advances made in archaeology now make it manifest that shoeing was known to the Romans and the
ancient Gauls... Horse–shoes have been discovered repeatedly in the camps and graves of ancient
Gaul, and even in the battle fields of these people. They have been found in numerous instances with
Roman relics, such as arms, brooches, lamps, coins, &e., in France, Switzerland, and Belgium; and
in this country many have been discovered in excavations in London, in the streets of some of our
towns at considerable depths, in Roman camps, roads and villas, and in various other situations"
(The farmers magazine 18). From my first point of the hooves being covered with plant material or
hides, it lets me go off on a tangent. When doing research on what shoes looked like in ancient times
I came across many surprising statements. For the longest time it was believed that we just started
shoeing our horses in the 19th century but "through various archaeological findings over the years,
historians have been able to ascertain some

Kidney Calculi Essay
Kidney Calculi
Kidney stone disease, also known as kidney calculi or nephrolithiasis, affects millions of people in
the United States. As stated by Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & In Harding (2014), this
disease is more frequent in the whites than in African Americans, and has a higher incidence in
people with a family history of kidney stone formation. The formation of kidney stones involves
many factors, which include dietary, metabolic, climatic, genetic, occupational, and lifestyle
influences. There are many theories proposed for the stone formation, but no single theory can
account for all cases. The pathophysiology of kidney calculi involves the supersaturated formation
of crystals that forms a stone. The elements that affect the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Skolarikos et al. (2011) explored a 2–center study of factors that affects stone–free rate after
percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys, stating that postoperative stone–free rate after
surgery was evaluated in 11 female patients, and 47 male patients with horseshoe kidneys. The study
explored the increased risk of patients with horseshoe kidneys as a predisposing factor to lithiasis,
which may be due to the anatomical abnormalities and suboptimal urinary drainage in up to 35%,
metabolic abnormalities in up to 100%, and recurrent infections in up to 41%. The study noted that
the stone–free rate (SFR) is critical because spontaneous passage of stone fragments is inferior in
horseshoe kidneys as compared to normal kidneys, which may be due to the high ureteral insertion
and compromised drainage of urine in connection with this anomaly. The study concluded that stone
parameters are significant in the treatment of calculi in horseshoe kidneys. The presence of a
staghorn calculus is the only factor that impacts the stone–free rate after percutaneous
nephrolithotomy, and in the majority of these cases, auxiliary treatments are

Limulus Polyphemus: The American Horseshoe Crabs
Literature Review
The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has persisted largely unaltered for millions of
years (Smith et al. 2006), and has ancestors that date back 450 million years (Swan, 2005). Limulus
polyphemus inhabits the eastern coast of the United States (Goode & Wahle, n.d., Swan, 2005),
from the Yucatan Peninsula to the Gulf of Mexico (Shuster, 1979; Moore & Perkin, 2007). Limulus
polyphemus are found within estuaries, coastal embayments, and on the inshore continental shelves
near the mouths of estuaries, usually in waters that are less than 30 meters deep (Botton et al. 2003;
Sekiguichi & Shuster, 2011). Four species of horseshoe crabs exist worldwide; however, Limulus
polyphemus is the only species found in the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, even in ecosystems where Gemma gemma was the most numerically dominant
macroinvertebrate, it was largely avoided and virtually excluded from the diet of horseshoe crabs
(Botton, 1984). Also, because there is a size inequality between male and female horseshoe crabs, it
is thought that the diets of male and female crabs may differ. Females are much larger than males,
which could enable the females to feed on larger prey. Females also dig deeper into the substrate
than males, which could give them access to fauna that is unavailable to males (Botton,

Limulus Polyphemus's Life Cycle: Horseshoe Crabs
Life Cycle: Limulus polyphemus spend their adult life either in estuaries or on the continental shelf
during the winter months (ASMFC 2015). It is during the spring in which the horseshoe crabs
migrate back to sandy beaches to spawn. Typically, spawning takes places during high tide with a
new or full moon but is much higher during nights with a full moon. . During spawning the males
grasp onto the females before heading to shore. Once the pair is on the beach, the female will then
dig multiple nests or clusters and deposit her eggs while the male fertilizes them (National Wildlife
Federation 2015). The areas chosen for egg laying are typically within bays and coves, which
protects the nests from wave energy (ASMFC 2015). Each year a female will lay about 90,000 eggs
in different clusters. These eggs play the most vital ecological role for migrating shorebirds as an
energy source. Without areas such as the Delaware Bay, where the largest spawning population in
the world is found, the migratory birds such as the Red Knot would not have a rest area with the
appropriate amount of energy resources to refuel their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Approximately, two or more weeks after the eggs have been laid, larval horseshoe crabs will emerge
from the eggs. These larva then migrate to near shore waters and settle on the sandy bottom of tidal
flats where they will further develop for another year or so (National Wildlife Federation 2015). As
the horseshoe crab larva develops over these next few years, it will gradually move to deeper water
and begin eating food more typical of an adult. Limulus polyphemus will reach reproductive age
after about ten years. During these years and those after, horseshoe crabs will molt shedding their
exoskeleton allowing them to grow a larger shell for their growing size (National Wildlife
Federation 2015). Horseshoe crabs will typically molt 16 or 17 times during their

Depending on Horseshoe Crabs and Bait for Nutrition
Recently, various user groups have relied on horseshoe crabs for bait and nutrition. While concerns
have arisen that the horseshoe crab populations are declining, management of the American species
of horseshoe crabs has been surrounded by controversy (Davis et al., 2006). Historically, horseshoe
crabs have been considered a "trash–fish", not worthy of resources to establish their population data.
As a result, reporting regulations and harvest restrictions associated with this fishery have been
lacking (Baker et al., 2004).
Catch records for the Limulus commercial fishery in the Delaware Bay declined from 4 million
horseshoe crabs per year to less than 100,000 between the 1870s and the 1960s (Shuster and Botton,
1985). It wasn't until the second half of the 20th century that a commercial fishery on horseshoe
crabs developed to provide bait for use in catching eel (Anguilla rostrada) and whelk (Busycon spp.)
(Ferrari and Targett, 2003). The horseshoe crab commercial fishery has increased dramatically
beginning in 1990 (Berkson and Shuster, 1999). A variety of methods are employed by fishermen to
capture horseshoe crabs: trawls, dredges, hands, and gillnets (Berkson and Shuster, 1999). Entire
beaches covered in horseshoe crabs can easily be harvested by hand since these animals have
essentially no defense mechanism (Berkson and Shuster, 1999). Overall, one million Limulus were
landed on the Atlantic coastline between 1989 and 1992. This number grew to over two million by

Is Tachylectin 5a A Protein Found During The Immune System...
Tachylectin–5A is a protein found in the immune system of the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus
tridentatus. Tachylectin–5A, which has a PBD reference number of 1JC9, is mainly found in the
hemolymph plasma of horseshoe crabs (1). This protein was determined on June 8th, 2001 via x–ray
diffraction (1). The X–ray diffraction results in an absorbance of 2.01 Å (2). It shows that the protein
contains 269 residues, and the molecular weight ot is 380–400 kDa (2). Proteins similar to
tachylectin–5A have been found in various organisms like slime molds, sponges, bony fish, and
lancelets (3). Tachylectin–5A is structurally related to the fibrinogen γ fragment, which is found in
mammals' plasma; and it is similar to a protein in humans called ficolin, which is involved in host
defense through nonself–recognition (4).
Tachylectin–5A is an ellipsoidal molecule that is an asymmetrical monomer, which is subdivided
into three different domains that interact with each other (2). The primary structure of Tachylectin–
5A constitutes 269 amino acid residues (1). The amino acid composition of this protein has a cis–
peptide bone between Arg–218 and Cys–219 (3). It contains one protein modification called
prryolidone carboxylic acid, which is the twenty–fourth amino acid in the sequence (1). And the
secondary structure of the protein consists of 16% alpha helical and 24% beta sheets. There are 9
helices with 44 amino acid residues and 19 beta sheets with 66 residues involved in total (1). The

Golden Horseshoe: Transportation Development Study
Over the last few decades South–Central Ontario has progressed from a Toronto based employment
industry to a large geographic region with numerous amount of economic activity centres,
employment and population (Transportation development strategy report, 2012). Due to the high
increase in urbanization and urban sprawl, there is a high travel demand that is very dispersed
throughout the GTA. Future population and employment growth in major urban centres will result in
an increase in travel demand for both local communities and movement of goods between the areas
located within the Golden Horseshoe (Transportation development strategy report, 2012). The
purpose of this study is due to the vast increase in economic activities in the Golden Horseshoe ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goals of the infrastructure and Natural Resources policies of the Plan are to support
infrastructure within the Greenbelt area but minimizing environmental impact. Nonetheless, their
main goal is to influence transportation through the Greenbelt that conforms to the policies to the
plan (Transportation development strategy report, 2012). The Greenbelt Plan has strict policies as to
how infrastructure and transportation through the greenbelt is

Horseshoe Crabs Essay
The Horseshoe crab, is in the phylum classification of Arthropods. The Limulidae, or the horseshoe
crab, is closely related to trilobites which existed about 544 million years ago. There are four
different species of horse shoe crabs, the Limulus polyphemus found on the coast of south eastern
coast of the US, and three Indo–pacific known as Tachypleus gigas, Tachypleus tridentatus and
Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Horseshoe crabs have long spines on their tails used just to help them
flip themselves upright if they get flipped over. In most cases horseshoe crabs mate in places like
Delaware or N.J. during the spring and summer. They mate by a male attaching itself to a female
using its front claws known as amplexus and they crawl on the ... Show more content on
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As they feed they begin to grow, six days later, they have their first molt. This growth to a juvenile
happens 20 days after leaving the nest. Adult horseshoe crabs molt to grow. The adults do not reach
maturity until about 11 years and 17 molts later.Males are fully mature. Females must molt 18 times
to reach maturity, causing females to be larger than the male horseshoe crab.
Many of the horseshoe crab larvae feed on small nemotodes and polychaetes, but the larger ones
feed on an array of sea life including clams, worms, and mussels.
The medical advancements that have been made including using horseshoe crab blood to make clots
in human bodies that cannot clot blood themselves. A major anomolie in science, is that their blood
is baby blue, and also, they never get sick!!!! Another medical advancement in horseshoe crabs is
how they are finding ways to help people who have immunities to penecillin find ways to treat their
sicknesses. an agricultural advancement is that the human race has collected the crabs and crushed
them using them as fertilizer. The chitin in their shells helps the plants grow

Horseshoe Crabs Evolution
The argument the author puts forth is that horseshoe crabs have evolved over the eras. That they're
not "living fossils". Horseshoe crabs have "rounded cephalic shields, that were like the extinct
trilobites, and an arrangement of legs and gills", no wonder people think they are living fossils. This
is the beginning to how these historic animals have evolved. Three years ago, the author took a trip
to Delaware. As his family was walking on the beach they came across some horseshoe crabs
mating. He wondered how they have changed. The type of horseshoe crab he saw along the beach
was called "limulus polyphemus". Limulus Polyphemus is not found in the fossil records. The fossil
record for horseshoe crabs is deeper than 20 million years, and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These are boomerang like and have a "double button". Liomesaspis is another type of fossil, it has a
different body plan, and are "historically greater within the group than what we observe today". A
different fossil is called Mesolimulus, preserved about 150 million years ago, it looks similar to the
nowadays Limulus. The environment in the ancient sea, which contained crustaceans, molluscs, and
echinoderms, helped the hypothesis that 112 million years ago the area was covered in shallow
lagoons. Numerous Cretaceous dinosaur tracks have been found near Glen Rose, Texas. This is
where horseshoe crabs were found in Paluxy River. There was also a surprising discovery. The fossil
of the horseshoe crab is preserved as an exterior and interior mold. The fossil preserved traces of
activity by other organisms. The interior mold shows traces left by small invertebrates, that fed on
the horseshoe crab after it died. These worms created the mold of the fossil, and the detail was so
detailed that the artificial caset was almost an exact replica. This was very surprising and awesome
because this shows how invertebrates can preserve other animals anatomies. The reason for this
being: soon after the horseshoe crab died, the worms began to settle upon the horseshoe crab. The
worms began building homes, and the tubes took form of the dead horseshoe crab. Because of the
rate the worms created their homes, the author predicts the horseshoe

Salt Marsh Ecosystems On Earth
Introduction
Salt marsh ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems on earth and provide numerous
ecosystem services (Ghorai & Sen, 2015; Charles & Dukes, 2009; Drociak, 2005). These services
include biofiltration, gas regulation, carbon and nutrient retention, and physical protection of
coastlines from storm surges and coastal flooding (Drociak, 2005; Sweat, 2009; FWC, 2016). Salt
marshes act as nurseries and ensure habitat and resources for unique flora, fauna, and microbial
communities (Ghorai & Sen, 2015), including commercially and recreationally important species
such as horseshoe crabs, fish, and shellfish (FWC, 2016). Salt marsh plants also help trap nutrients,
pollutants, and sediments, which improves water quality offshore (FWC, 2016).
Many of the world's salt marsh habitats have also been lost over the last several centuries to filling,
draining, and diking (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2008). New England has lost an
estimated one third of its salt marshes since 1777 (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2008;
Bromberg and Bertness, 2005) as a result of diking, railroads and road construction, levee building
and other purposes (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2008). While the diking and
impoundment of the salt marshes created more area for development, the ecological structure, as
well as the benefits and ecological services the salt marshes provided, were eliminated in the process
(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 2008; Thelen, 2009). This

Summary Of Horsesho Horseshoe Bend
It's very important to study history in our profession as a soldier in order to understand what they
have done from previous encounters and use it as a guideline in future encounters. It's absolutely a
must for a young officer to know how the past conflict and be able to understand the important
incidents of the operation in terms of current doctrine and terminology. It will make us recognize
and became aware with strategies, tactics and the requirement of the previous situation that a leader
strategy need. The ability to understand significant events of history is essential in embracing and
witnessing the changes of what happen in the pass encounter. It can help increase your knowledge
and develop your strategic base of how the war is fought previously.

Horseshoe Crab Essay
The horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus
The horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus is known as a marine chelicerate arthropod. It's from the
Limulidae family and more commonly found along the northern Atlantic coast of North America.
The horseshoe crab makes use of different habits depending on it's current stage of development.
They lay there eggs on the coastal beaches during the late spring and summer. Once the eggs hatch,
the young horseshoe crabs are found offshore, within sandy areas of tidal flats. Adult horseshoe
crabs are found in deeper parts of the ocean waters (National Wildlife Federation). The horseshoe
crab is more related to arachnids, which is a group related to spiders and scorpions, rather than
crustaceans, which are more related to crabs, shrimps and lobsters (Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission).
The lifespan of a horseshoe crab is up to 20–40 years in the wild. There structure has not changed
much for the past 445 million years. One hypothesis is that the hard exoskeleton of horseshoe crab
allows them to survive predators and as a result they have been to live through many decades.
Horseshoe crabs have a unique and premature body structure which consists of a hard shell, referred
to as a molt, which acts as their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Visual cues are used to locate nesting pairs, and chemical help decide if they want to stay with the
nesting female. While approaching potential mates, male horseshoe crabs use visual cues to find
female shells that are buried in the sand to differentiate their sizes (Schwab). Visual cues are also
crucial during mating, since it's been found that light is a major factor that's associated with the
seasonal and diurnal variability (Barlow). Visual cues also promote other behavioral response that
guide the speed of locomotion and the direction the horsecrab is

Climate Change In Mississauga, Canada
Climate change is a real issue that is currently impacting every single region of the world. The world
is a very large place with many different regions. Every region in the world is experiencing unique
effects of climate change but we are all experiencing some form of it, nonetheless. The global
average temperature has risen 0.74 degrees celius over the past 100 years (Climate). We all
contribute to the effects of climate change and we are all responsible for helping reverse it. I live in
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Mississauga is Ontario's third largest city and Canada's sixth largest
city, which is unique for a suburban residential area. With a population over 700,000 (and growing),
Mississauga is a chief contributer to the climate change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Missisauga and the Greater Toronto Area is littered with pollution, has poor air quality, is over–
populated and contributes negatively to climate change more than any other region in Canada. While
there are many factors that add to a regions contribution to climate change, I firmly believe that
over–population is the root of factors. Over–population and the urbanization of smaller regions will
produce double the greenhouse gases, pollution and contaminants of any other regions. While the
GTA and Ontario is doing what it can to provide incentives for residents and help reverse the effects
of climate change through mandated proposals, anything that is done will only slow the effects,
never will they reverse or stop what is to come. Focus on ways to spread out the populations and
conseve non–renewable resources is the only way to begin preventing further destruction to the

Assignment On Wildlife Conservation
Assignment – Wildlife and conservation
The main goals of wildlife conservation are to preserve and protect nature so that it will be around
for future generations of both wildlife and humans to enjoy. It is essentially the attempt to protect
endangered animal and plant species and their natural habitats. In researching two different
vertebrate species in the United Kingdom, one that has benefitted from a population increase in
recent years and one that has recently seen a decline in population, the similarities and differences in
the various challenges that they face can be investigated. The proposed solutions to improve the
situation for the declining species will then be discussed.
The UK population of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, has significantly
increased over the last twenty years (Bat Conservation Trust, 2017). This recent success can be
attributed to many factors such as the change in climate providing a more favourable environment
for populations to grow. The increased temperatures in the spring season result in pups being born
earlier in the year and a greater abundance of sustenance being available (Froidevaux et al, 2017).
Females will mate from autumn until spring visiting various breeding territories in doing so. This
enables the females that rarely change colonies, to strengthen their colonies by choosing the best
possible genetic material to pass to their offspring (Rossiter et al, 2000).
In contrast to this the Gwyniad,

Characteristics Of The Horseshoe Crab
Introduction: "Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, inhabits shallow–brackish marine
environments ranging from the Atlantic Ocean along the North American coastline to the Gulf
coasts of the United states and from the East coast of Mexico to the Yucatan Peninsula" (Walls,
Elizabeth). There are three other species of the horseshoe crab worldwide: Tachypleus tridentatus,
Tachypleus gigas, and Carconoscorpinus rotundicauda that closely resemble Limulus in structure
and habits, ranging from the Indian ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the coasts of Asia (National
Wildlife Federation).
"The horseshoe crab is known to be one of the "oldest living fossils"; which means that this
organism's morphology has essentially not changed from fossils found from earlier geologic times,
around 250 million years ago" (Noel Chartier). Based on the fact that the morphology has not
changed in so long it can be assumed that the horseshoe crab has not had to adapt to changing
environments and has been able to withstand a changing environment. "Due to the statement
regarding the "oldest living fossils," one can hypothesize that fossil records will show evidence that
fossils of extinct creatures look nearly identical to the creatures that are still living today" (Noel
Chartier).
If a person searched for horseshoe crabs in a shallow–brackish marine environment and found a
living horseshoe crab and compared it to a fossil record of one, they would look almost identical to
each other. The outward

Causes Of The Creek War
The Creek War The early 1800s were dark times for the United States. Though free of its rule, the
newly–formed nation now had to face Britain once again in the War of 1812. Settlers were moving
into the Great Plains and to the West, forcing Native American tribes to relocate. Rising tensions
between the U.S. and the native tribes, and conflicts among the tribes themselves, made the perfect
conditions for another war. In 1813, tensions finally snapped when a faction of the Creek Indians
known as the Red Sticks started a civil war against those Creeks who supported the National
Council, a war that eventually grew to involve militias from several U.S. states and other Native
American tribes. Although the exact cause of the war is uncertain, what the war was, some major
battles of the war, and how it relates back to To Kill a Mockingbird are known.
At its beginning, the Creek War was a simple (but bloody) civil war between the Red Sticks, Creek
Indians who opposed white settlers, and those Creeks who supported the National Council, which in
turn supported white settlers on Creek land (Britannica). The Creeks themselves were a Native
American tribe living in the region that would eventually become Alabama and Georgia (Rutgers).
Although the exact cause of the war is uncertain, the roots of the conflict can be traced back to the
Shawnee leader Tecumseh, who journeyed to the south in an attempt to warn other tribes about the
danger of white settlers and to ally with the British to

Horseshoe Crabs Research Paper
"Horseshoe crabs are some of the most successful life forms on earth." They have been around for
over 445 million years. Longer than even the pesky cockroaches. They have a blood that turns to
jelly, creating a barrier between them and pathogens, keeping them safe from any diseases. But for
the physical harm, they have adapted a hard shell or carapace to protect them from attacks.
Horseshoe crabs also have gills as thin as the pages of a book, allowing them to breathe out of water
for as long as they are wet. This is especially good for spawning. Speaking of which, they can also
produce 90,000 fertile eggs a year, increasing the population. They seem unstoppable. These
Horseshoe Crabs sound invincible, and they have been for millions of years.

Limulus Polyphemus

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