The document discusses the qualifications, roles, and responsibilities of the President and Vice President of the United States. The President must be at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and a resident of the country for at least 14 years. Some of the President's main roles include serving as head of state, chief executive, commander-in-chief of the military, chief diplomat, and leader of their political party. The Vice President's main duties are to succeed the President if necessary and serve as President of the Senate.
3. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Formal Qualifications:
• 35 years old
• Natural Born Citizen
• U.S. resident for 14
years
4. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
What is a natural born citizen?
• Anyone born inside the United States
• Any one born outside the United States, both of whose parents are
citizens of the U.S., as long as one parent has lived in the U.S.
• Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is a citizen
and lived in the U.S. for at least one year
• Any one born in a U.S. possession, if one parent is a citizen and
lived in the U.S. for at least one year
• Any one found in the U.S. under the age of five, whose parentage
cannot be determined, as long as proof of non-citizenship is not
provided by age 21
• Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is an alien and
as long as the other parent is a citizen of the U.S. who lived in the
U.S. for at least five years (with military and diplomatic service
included in this time)
5. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
• All have shared similar
characteristics
White males
Protestant
British ancestry
most attended college
(only 9 did not)
had careers as
lawyers (22 of 42)
President John Adams
6. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
– Evidence of change
1.) 1960: JFK became 1st
Catholic President
2.) 1984: Dem. party
nominated Geraldine
Ferraro as the first
Vice-Presidential
candidate
7. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
– Evidence of Change
cont.
3.) 1988: Jesse Jackson
became the first African
American to come in a
close second in the
race for the Democratic
Presidential nomination
9. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
History of Salary:
Position Salary
President
1789 $25,000
1873 50,000
1909 75,000
1949 100,000
1969 200,000
2001 400,000
10. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
• Receives $50,000/year for expenses and up to
$100,000/year for travel
• Salary cannot be changed during term
• Free lodging at the White House and Camp David
11. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
• President and family receives finest medical care
possible and personal protection (secret service)
12. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
• President has plane (Air Force One) and a personal helicopter
(Marine One) at his disposal
14. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Elections:
• Elections held every 4 years
• President elected by an electoral college
• Candidate with most electoral votes wins the election
15. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Term of Office:
• 4 years = 1 presidential
term
• Constitution originally
placed no limit on number
of Presidential terms
• George Washington
established a tradition
when he stepped down
after 2 terms
16. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Term of Office:
• 1940: FDR became the 1st
President to not step
down after 2nd
term – was
elected 4 times
• 1951: 22nd
Amendment
added to Constitution
Limits President to 2
consecutive terms
18. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Succession:
• 1841: William Henry Harrison became 1st
President to die while
in office
• Vice President John Tyler set a tradition by declaring himself
President
1967: 25th Amendment turned tradition into law; says if
Presidency is vacant, the VP becomes President and then
appoints a new VP
19. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
• Since ratified, 25th
Amendment has been used 3
times:
1.) 1973: VP Spiro Agnew resigned; Pres. Nixon replaced
him with Gerald Ford
2.) 1974: Pres. Nixon resigned and Gerald Ford became
President
3.) 1985: Pres. Reagan was shot and during surgery VP
George Bush became president for 8 hours
21. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Succession:
• 1947: Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act
which indicates the order of succession to the
Presidency
22. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
• The Vice President
• Speaker of the House
• President pro tempore of the Senate
• Secretary of State
• Secretary of the Treasury
• Secretary of Defense
• Attorney General
• Secretary of the Interior
• Secretary of Agriculture
• Secretary of Commerce
• Secretary of Labor
• Secretary of Health and Human Services
• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
• Secretary of Transportation
• Secretary of Energy
• Secretary of Education
• Secretary of Veterans Affairs
• Secretary of Homeland Security
Line of Succession:
24. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
• 7 Major Roles of the President
1.) Chief Executive
Carries out the nation’s laws
Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the
President issues that has the force of law; usually
during time of crisis)
Appoints cabinet members, ambassadors, judges, heads
of govt. agencies
25. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
2.) Chief Diplomat
Responsible for making treaties with other countries with
Senate approval
Meets with foreign leaders
Can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other
countries
Has the force of law but does not require Senate
approval
Responsible for appointing ambassadors with Senate
approval
An official representative of a country’s government
26. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief
– President is final authority over all military matters
o Founding Fathers believed in civilian control over the
military; person elected by the people has final say over
all military matters
– President can use military in times of war or peace
1957: President Eisenhower sent Federal
Troops into Little Rock, Arkansas when
attempts to integrate public schools led to
violence between locals and police
27. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
Commander in Chief , cont..
President Barrack Obama
with his Joint Chiefs of Staff
28. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont..
– Stretching of this power by former Presidents
has led to legislation limiting the President’s
power over the military
President Truman sent
troops to fight in Korean
War, but we never declared
War (1950-53)
Presidents Eisenhower,
Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon
sent troops to Vietnam,
but we never declared war (1954-75)
29. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont….
– 1973: War Powers Act passed by Congress
President must notify Congress when troops
sent
anywhere
Troops must be brought home after 60 days
unless
Congress declares war, or gives approval for
troops to stay
30. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
4.) Political Party Leader
– Supports party members in election campaigns
and
helps unify the party
– Appoints members of party to key govt. jobs
President Bush confers w/ Republican
members of Congress
31. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
5.) Legislative Leader
– Proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get
the bill passed
– Prepares the federal budget
– Approves or vetoes legislation
32. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
6.) Judicial Leader
– Appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S.
Supreme Court
Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to
their
own
President Obama announces Mrs. Sonia Sotomayor as his nominee to the Supreme Court
33. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
Judicial Leader, cont…
• Can issue pardons, reprieves and amnesty to
those convicted of federal crimes:
Pardon – declaration of forgiveness and freedom
from punishment
Reprieve – an order to delay a person’s punishment
until a higher court can rule on the case (usually
death sentence
Commutation – substitutes a less severe punishment
for the one originally imposed by the court
Amnesty – same as a pardon; applies to a group of
people rather than an individual
34. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
456 total pardons. Over 100
on the day before he left office
President Carter gave amnesty
to all Vietnam draft dodgers who
fled to Canada
35. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
7.) Chief of State
– Role is symbolic – President is representing
people from all 50 states
– Gives a human face to American govt.
– Can be demonstrated in many ways
Greeting heroes
Throwing first pitches at baseball games
Inviting musicians to perform at White House
Attending funeral of another country’s leader,
or past Presidents of U.S.
Speeches and ceremonies
36. The Executive Branch
The Presidency- Chief of State
President and First Lady
at Pope’s funeral and at
former President Reagan’s
funeral
38. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
• Qualifications
Same as the President
• Duties and Responsibilities
Serves as President of the Senate (only
Constitutional duty)
President delegates out many responsibilities to
VP:
Taking part in Presidential Cabinet meeting
Helping with Diplomatic relations with other
countries
Advising and helping President make important
decisions
39. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
Vice President’s Duties and Responsibilities
40. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
• Salary and Benefits
$198,000/year
Receives $10,000/year for expenses
Benefits similar to President’s
Free Residence
Large Staff
Variety of personal services – Secret
Service protection
41. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
• Elections and Terms of Office
Original procedure for electing a VP was:
- Electoral college members in each state voted
for 2 candidates for President – candidate with
most votes became President and runner up
became the VP
After tie of 1800, procedure changed
12th
Amendment: electoral college votes for
president and VP on separate ballots
VP term of office is not limited (although no VP
has ever served more than two terms)