3. RFID
• RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
• Electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using
radio frequency
• Tag carries with its information
• a serial number
• Model number
• Color or any other imaginable data
• When these tags pass through a field generated by a
compatible reader, they transmit this information back to the
reader, thereby identifying the object
4. RFID components
• A basic RFID system consists of these components:
• A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item data; consisting of
• an RFID chip for data storage
• an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip
• A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay
• Application software and a host computer system
5. RFID Tag
• The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit (IC) embedded in
a thin film medium.
• Information stored in the memory of the RFID chip is
transmitted by the antenna circuit embedded in the RFID inlay
via radio frequencies, to an RFID reader
• 3 types
• Passive
• Semi-passive
• Active
6. Types of RFID Tags
Active Tags
• Use a battery
• communicate over
distances of several
meters
Semi-passive Tags
• Contain built-in
batteries to power the
chip’s circuitry, resist
interference and
circumvent a lack of
power from the
reader signal due to
long distance.
• They are different
from active tags in
that they only
transmit data at the
time a response is
received
Passive Tags
• Derive their power
from the field
generated by the
reader
• without having an
active transmitter to
transfer the
information stored
7. Applications
Frequency Appx. Read Range Data Speed Cost of Tags Application
Low Frequency (125kHz) <5cm
(passive)
Low High • Animal Identification
• Access Control
High Frequency (13.56 Mhz) 10 cm – 1m
(passive)
Low to Moderate Medium to Low • Smart Cards
• Payment (paywave)
Ultra High Frequency (433, 868-928 Mhz) 3m -7m
(passive)
Moderate to High Low • Logistics and Supply Chain
• Baggage Tracking
Microwave (2.45 & 5.8 Ghz) 10m -15m
(passive)
20m – 40m
(active)
High High • Electronic toll collection (Autotoll)
• Container Tracking
8. Current Applications
Application Segment Representative Applications Competitive Technologies Current
Penetration
Typical Tag Type
Access Control Doorway entry Other keyless entry technologies High Passive
Asset Tracking Locating tractors within a freight yard None Low Active
Asset Tagging Tracking corporate computing systems Bar Code Low Passive
Authentication Luxury goods counterfeit prevention Holograms Low Passive
Baggage Tracking Positive bag matching Bar Code, Optical Character
Recognition
Low Passive
POS Applications SpeedPass Credit Cards, Smart Cards, Wireless
Phones
Medium Passive
SCM (Container Level) Tracking containers in shipping terminals GPS-based Systems Low Active
SCM (Pallet Level) Tracking palletized shipments Bar Code Minimal Active, Passive
SCM (Item Level) Identifying individual items Bar Code Minimal Passive
Vehicle Identification Electronic toll collection Bar Code, License plate, reader
systems
Medium Active, Passive
Vehicle Immobilizers Automotive ignition systems Other theft prevention technologies High Passive
11. Online Survey
• Target: SME
• Information: Opinion on RFID and its applications
• Site:
• http://qtrial.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_9N5UPRZuyuWtsk4
12. Online Survey result
Logistics and Supply Chain
Management
20%
Pharmaceutic
manufacturing
industries
15%
Library Management
21%
Inventory Control
10%
Document Management
8%
Security
8%
Customer Services
5%
Hotel Management
5%
Banking and Finance
5%
Social Services
3%
Other
18%
Types of industries that respondentsthink
it is possible to apply RFID technology
15. Conclusion
• Positive
• RFID is a contactless reading technology and can read through other
materials
• Hold more data than barcode does
• RFID tags data can be changed or added
• More effective, bring lots of convenience to us
• Negative
• Cost is relatively remain high (compare to barcode)
• RFID signals may have problems with some materials
• RFID standards are still being developed
