3. RFID
• RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
• Electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio
frequency
• Tag carries with its information
• a serial number
• Model number
• Color or any other imaginable data
• When these tags pass through a field generated by a compatible
reader, they transmit this information back to the reader, thereby
identifying the object
4. RFID components
• A basic RFID system consists of these components:
• A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item data;
• Consisting of an RFID chip for data storage
• an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip
• A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay
• Application software and a host computer system
5. RFID Tag
• The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit (IC) embedded in a
thin film medium.
• Information stored in the memory of the RFID chip is transmitted
by the antenna circuit embedded in the RFID inlay via radio
frequencies, to an RFID reader
• 3 types
• Passive
• Semi-passive
• Active
6. Types of RFID Tags
Active Tags
•Use a battery
•communicate over
distances of several
meters
Semi-passive Tags
•Contain built-in
batteries to power
the chip’s circuitry,
resist interference
and circumvent a lack
of power from the
reader signal due to
long distance.
•They are different
from active tags in
that they only
transmit data at the
time a response is
received
Passive Tags
•Derive their power
from the field
generated by the
reader
•without having an
active transmitter to
transfer the
information stored
7. Applications
Frequency
Appx. Read Range
Data Speed
Cost of
Tags
Application
Low Frequency (125kHz)
<5cm
Low
High
•
Animal Identification
•
Access Control
Medium
to Low
•
Smart Cards
•
Payment (paywave)
Low
•
Logistics and Supply Chain
•
Baggage Tracking
•
Electronic toll collection (Autotoll)
•
Container Tracking
(passive)
High Frequency (13.56
Mhz)
10 cm – 1m
Ultra High Frequency
(433, 868-928 Mhz)
3m -7m
Microwave (2.45 & 5.8
Ghz)
10m -15m
Low to Moderate
(passive)
Moderate to High
(passive)
(passive)
20m – 40m
(active)
High
High
8. Current Applications
Application Segment
Access Control
Representative
Applications
Doorway entry
Competitive Technologies
Other keyless entry
technologies
None
Current
Penetration
High
Typical Tag Type
Low
Active
Passive
Asset Tracking
Locating tractors
within a freight yard
Asset Tagging
Tracking corporate
computing systems
Bar Code
Low
Passive
Authentication
Luxury goods
counterfeit prevention
Holograms
Low
Passive
Baggage Tracking
Positive bag matching
Bar Code, Optical
Character Recognition
Low
Passive
POS Applications
SpeedPass
Credit Cards, Smart Cards,
Wireless Phones
Medium
Passive
SCM (Container Level)
Tracking containers in
shipping terminals
GPS-based Systems
Low
Active
SCM (Pallet Level)
Tracking palletized
shipments
Bar Code
Minimal
Active, Passive
SCM (Item Level)
Identifying individual
items
Electronic toll
collection
Bar Code
Minimal
Passive
Bar Code, License plate,
reader systems
Medium
Active, Passive
Automotive ignition
systems
Other theft prevention
technologies
High
Passive
Vehicle Identification
Vehicle Immobilizers
11. Online Survey
• Target: SME
• Information: Opinion on RFID and its applications
• Site:
• http://qtrial.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_9N5UPRZuyuWtsk4
12. Survey Result
Types of industries that respondents think
it is possible to apply RFID technology
Document Management
8%
Inventory
Control
10%
Security
8%
Library Management
21%
Customer Services
5%
Other
18%
Hotel Management
5%
Banking and Finance
5%
Pharmaceutic
manufacturing
industries
15%
Logistics and Supply
Chain Management
20%
Social Services
3%
15. Conclusion
• Positive
• RFID is a contactless reading technology and can read through other
materials
• Hold more data than barcode does
• RFID tags data can be changed or added
• More effective, bring lots of convenience to us
• Negative
• Cost is relatively remain high (compare to barcode)
• RFID signals may have problems with some materials
• RFID standards are still being developed
