Economic Espionage Essay

Economic Espionage Essay
Economic Espionage act (1996) states that
"Whoever, intending or knowing that the offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrumentality, or foreign agent, knowingly without
authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photocopies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends,
mails, communicates, or conveys a trade secret shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined not more than $500,000 or imprisoned not more
than 15 years, or both.".
It is important to note that the clause clearly stipulates that the eligible person for the punishment in such espionage is one who has intentions of
benefiting another corporation or group apart from the one he/she is working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to a Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage (2008), a wide variety of foreign entities have
attempted to illegally acquire trade secrets and US technology a problem attributed to outsourcing research and development. Most companies in the
United States have been encouraging outsourcing research and development as a means improving themselves in terms of products being
universally usable. This has led such companies setting up bases in foreign countries where such research is carried out. These bases have well
been used as a gateway for economical espionage since foreign entities can easily access such bases and access information on the said companies or
U.S in general. This may be through employees in such bases, spies or even hacking information systems that are connected the ones in the U.S.
Acquisition of information and technology from such companies has well been used to either disable operations of such bases or setting up rival
companies. It is worth noting that espionage from such bases is hard trace or quantify. This is because the jurisdiction of such states cannot be
influenced or forced to take measures of such activities due to the nation's sovereignty. Legal cases in such incidents are left pending for fear of bad
international relations and investigations are hardly finished. Economic espionage in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Cuba And The United States
Introduction A lot has gone on between the United States and Cuba between 1959 and 2015. In 1959, Cuba and the United States cut off diplomatic
ties. On December 17, 2014, the United States and Cuba announced that they would restore diplomatic ties. Diplomatic ties is defined as "The art or
practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements" by The Free Dictionary. This means that two
countries work together and with other countries to talk about alliances and make treaties and agreements. When they cut off diplomatic ties, the
United States and Cuba basically had nothing to do with each other on the international scene.
History of Cuba
Cuba was first discovered by Spanish explorers about 500 years ago. Cuba is the largest country of the West Indies, which include Jamaica,
Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Cuba has a population of over 11 million people. They have been shut off from the United States since 1959. They have
not gotten any new cars from the United States since then, so they keep the 1950s cars in use. Fidel Castro became the Prime Minister of Cuba in 1959
after seizing Havana and overthrowing Fulgencio Batista.
Havana, La Habana in Spanish, is the largest city in Cuba, as well as the largest city in all of the Caribbean, and the capital city of Cuba. Havana is
also the only major city in Cuba. Havana has a scenic waterfront and is surrounded by beaches.
Cuba is 64% white. These whites used to own African

Richard Nixon and Supreme Court
Chapter 28
1.Which country did NOT become politically controlled by the Soviet Union after World War II? *Yugoslavia*
2.The Soviet Union first learned of the American atomic bomb how? *through the use of espionage*
3.The Baruch Plan would do what?
4.George Kennan's "containment" policy proposed what? *American vigilance regarding Soviet expansionist tendencies.*
5.George Kennan believed firmly that foreign policy should be left to whom?
6.The Truman Doctrine stated that American policy would be what?
7.The Marshall Plan proposed what?
8.Overall, did the Marshall Plan work?
9.The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a departure for America in what way?
10.Who were the members of NATO?
11.NATO had what effect on the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chapter 30
1.Critical to John F. Kennedy's victory in the election of 1960 was his what?
2.John F. Kennedy's domestic program was known as the
3.The Soviet leader with whom both Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy had to deal was who?
4.Under John F. Kennedy, theUnited States government did what with the Vietnam war?
5.The ________ was Kennedy's most obvious foreign policy disaster.
6.What were the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
7.John F. Kennedy played down civil rights legislation because why?
8.When President Johnson managed to get Congress to pass Kennedy's proposed tax cut in 1964, the result was what?
9.Lyndon Johnson's main theme in the election of 1964 was what?
10.The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did what?
11.The ________ established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
12.Lyndon Johnson's domestic program was called what?

13.In the election of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson easily defeated who?
14.In his program of health care, President Lyndon Johnson secured passage of what?
15.The Voting Rights Act of 1965 did what?
16.Was The foreign policy of Lyndon Johnson unique?
17.In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson sent American soldiers to ________ in order to prevent a communist takeover there.
18.American bombing of North Vietnam was successful or not?
19.In general, American tactics in the Vietnam War were successful or not?
20.Civil rights leader ________ advocated "black power."
21.Cesar Chavez

The Legal Team Of Greene 's Jewelry Essay
We the legal team of Greene's Jewelry have the opportunity to evaluate all the necessary details of the case and overlooked what the strengths and
weaknesses of our argument would be presented to the Court. To assist our argument we have decided to utilize the regulations, substantive laws and
case laws. The case precedents will provide multiple directions for the arguments to be assessed in the Court. Greene's Jewelry is more likely to
receive a favorable judgment by applying these resources in the claim against Ms. Lawson. After numerous evaluations and examinations, we the legal
team has assess the elements of the case and concluded that the primary reason of the lawsuit against Ms. Lawson is due to her breach of the
non–disclosure agreement. The demeanor in which Ms. Lawson violated her contract depicts her true intention in her activities. Ms. Lawson's behavior
led to an interruption in Greene's Jewelry daily business operation process. With Greene's biggest competitor, Howell acquiring confidential
information from Ms. Lawson on their secret trade process of Ever–Gold makes it a criminal offense. The State of New Hampshire has established laws
to "protect private and public bodies from misappropriation of secret trades; these are laws that copy the Federal Uniform Trade Secrets Act" (Stim,
2016). There is a patent on the information shared by Ms. Lawson, which contain the secret trade process of Ever–Gold. By providing Howell's with
the stolen patent information makes

Celluloid Skyline: The World Trade Center
In the film, Robert Redford stars as C.I.A. Officer Joe Turner who operates out of a research library on the Upper East Side. After returning to the
office from a lunch break, he notices that all of his coworkers have been murdered by an intruder. After reporting the crime to the CIA, he discovers
there is a hidden secret CIA within the CIA and that no one can be trusted. The rest of the film is a suspenseful game of cat and mouse as Turner is
being hunted by other secret intelligence officials. Confused as to why he is such a threat, he mentions throughout the film that his job was simply "to
read". This illustrates a juxtaposition between Turner's job to read books, and the technological powers present in the film. The turning point in... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The documentary, directed by James Marsh, focuses on French tightrope walker Philippe Petit's high–wire stunt performed between the World Trade
Center's Twin Towers in 1975. The film serves as an sublime example of the Towers global symbolic importance, as well as a need man . Criminal
turned

Cyber Security, A Government And Private Industry Affair
Cyber–security, a government and private industry affair
Introduction
The role of computers in business operations is growing with each wake. Computers have helped entities boost efficiency, speed up service and product
delivery and take consumer interaction to another level. However, this new wave has not come without its challenges. Cybercrimes pose a threat to
information security and privacy, which is a concern for private and public institutions alike. The United States has developed laws that seek to regulate
and improve cyber security across public and private institutions, in an endeavor to ensure national security. Therefore, managers have a new task
during the process of decision making as they no longer need to look at their own ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, none of these laws provides a significant framework for institutions in the private sector to observe. An Executive Order issued by President
Obama in January 2013 marked a material turning point in this respect as the order was based on ensuring security both in the private and public sector
through information sharing by both parties, development of a common security strategy and optional implementation of the strategy by private sector
stakeholders (Stay Safe Online, 2014).
Cyber attacks
Attacks against the United States continue to take place across all networks. According to the secretary of Department of Homeland Security, over
100,000 security threats were reported in 2011 and 2012 (Napolitano, 2012). Major attacks in the private industry include attacks on the Wall Street
Journal, Twitter and the New York Times in 2013. There was also an attack on the Department of energy in the same year. Other famous attacks include
Operation Aurora, an attack on Google, which originated from China and resulted to the

Case Study: Federal Employee Misconduct
Ethical Program
I.Policy Statement
II.Standards and Procedures
a.Public Trust & Conflict of Interest
b.Proprietary Information
c.Compensation & Bonuses
d.Financial Reporting
e.Dress Code
III.Ethics Training
a.Equal Employment
b.Safety & Health
c.Security
d.Drug & Alcohol
IV.Employee Misconduct
a.Monitoring Employee Misconduct
b.Reporting Misconduct
V.Evaluation and Improving
I. Policy Statement
Company X believes in upholding and maintaining the highest level of ethical behaviors and complying with all federal, state and local laws. This
Ethical Program Policy is to clarify and ensure consistency of all standards of Company X. All employees are important contributors to the success of
our company. We expect all of our employees to adhere to theEthics Program as outlined in the employee handbook and in this policy.
II. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Equal Employment: Company X is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate against race, color, religion, sex or national origin.
Harassment by any co–worker or manager is strictly prohibited by Company X and is a violation of federal law governed by the U.S. Equal
Employment Opportunity (Federal Employees & Job Applicants, n.d., sec. 1). If any employee feels that they have been discriminated against by
Company X, they can file a complaint with the Human Resources Department or contact an Equal Employment Counselor within 45 days (Federal

Employees & Job Applicants, n.d., para. 3).
b. Safety & Health: Company X believes in a safe environment for all employees. In the event of an emergency, please be sure to contact the security
team immediately after calling the local police, fire department, or EMT number. Our safety team can provide basic health support and medication to
assist with basic needs. The safety department is not responsible for major incident or abuse of any medication obtained from the first aid boxes. Any
question regarding safety and health issues should be directed to the Safety

Ethics and Morality
Abstract The paper delves into the topic of ethics and morality. It would try to understand the concept of ethics and morality and the difference
between the two concepts. In the paper I would analyse what motivates human behaviour and choices and why those choices can never always be
moral and ethical. I will analyse some ethical and moral theories that provide guidelines for ethical human behaviour and critically assess them with
the aid of real life examples, to determine whether it is possible to have universally applicable rules that help humans to decide if a decision requires
ethical/moral considerations or not. The paper would aim to prove that it is the needs of humans which may be at times materialistic and at other times
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2006). But decision making is rarely an easy process. In our lives, we face situations where we have to take decisions to achieve some desired
objective(s) with minimum negative consequences. Decision making becomes even more complicated when our needs are in conflict with each other.
Humans have broadly two categories of needs which guide their decisions, viz. deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, which are
determined by life processes, like survival, reproduction, nourishment etc, and growth needs associated with psychological needs which are outside the
life processes and differentiate humans from other creatures, like creativity, spontaneity, self actualization etc. (Maslow, 1943). Schlozberg in his
essay analysed that according to Arendt, our needs of life and the life process are fulfilled through ordinary decision making which is rational in
nature. As the number of the ordinary decisions that need to be made in our daily lives are so large, our mind often takes them in a routine and
habitual manner, through the aids of customs and habits (cited in Schlozberg n.d.). The way individuals will greet each other, their behaviour towards
their seniors etc are examples of some of the decisions which are taken without a thought to any values that we may cherish. But, ordinary decision

Essay about Background
Background
Information Warfare is defined as, " the offensive and defensive use of information and information systems to deny, exploit, corrupt, or destroy, an
adversary's information, information–based processes, information systems, and computer–based networks while protecting one's own. Such actions are
designed to achieve advantages over military or business adversaries" (Goldberg). Cyber–Terrorism is defined as, "the unlawful use of force or violence
against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social
objectives in the worldwide network of computer and/or computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal was to attain the highest level cipher machine, the Enigma" (Bamford). Unfortunately details on the Fish and the Enigma are still above top
secret and can't be explained in detail. However, I will go in to more detail of information warfare and cyber–terrorism as I introduce the facts, which
surround these two terms.
Understanding the situation of Information Warfare and Cyber–Terrorism requires the acknowledgement and discussion of relevant facts. The United
States has spied on other countries in the past, currently spies on other countries, and will spy on other countries for a long time to come. One example
is our current situation with China. As China grows economically and militarily they present a possible future threat to the United States. "More
fundamentally, there is a question about the long–term future of the U.S.–China relationship as China actualizes its enormous economic potential and
becomes an ever stronger regional power. There are some basic incompatibilities between our two countries, and these are a source of tension"
(Davidson). Another fact is that the United States uses Information Warfare techniques to spy on other countries. "Of all forms of intelligence
collection, aerial surveillance from international airspace is among the most benign and non–intrusive. It is quite different from bribing officials or
literally stealing secrets"

The Key Roles Of Fidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After
Batista's overthrow in 1959 which resulted in the ending of the Cuban revolution, After the Cuban revolution, Fidel Castro established a revolutionary
socialist state where he assumed military and political power as Cuba's Prime Minister.
In 1960, (Growing Economic Antagonism), Castro nationalized all foreign assets in Cuba, increased taxes on American imports, and established trade
agreements with the Soviet Union. This resulted in the slashing of import quota for Cuban sugar, the freezing of Cuban assets in America, imposing a
near–full trade embargo, and cutting off diplomatic ties with the Castro government by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, The Mariel boatlift ended in October of the same year by mutual agreement between the U.S. and Cuba
Through the Helms–Burton act which was passed in 1996, the US sought to stiffen the embargo placed on Cuba and they also tried to weaken the
relationship between Cuba and non US foreign investors. The act codified the embargo and included provisions on the peaceful transition of
representative democracy and market economic in Cuba. the act also included laws which Prohibited recognition of a transitional government in Cuba
that included Fidel or RaГєl Castro, United States opposition against Cuban membership in International Financial Institutions, the release of all
political prisoners inter

Essay on McCarthyism and the Conservative Political...
McCarthyism and the Conservative Political Climate of Today
FOR ALMOST fifty years, the words "McCarthy" and "McCarthyism" have stood for a shameful period in American political
history. During this period, thousands of people lost their jobs and hundreds were sent to prison. TheU.S. government executed Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg, two Communist Party (CP) members, as Russian spies. All of these people were victims of McCarthyism, the witch–hunt during the 1940s
and 1950s against Communists and other leftists, trade unionists and civil rights activists, intellectuals and artists. Named for the witch–hunt's most
zealous prosecutor, Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R–Wis.), McCarthyism was the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The novel is an open, unabashed effort to turn McCarthy into a misunderstood, unappreciated hero.
It's not surprising that self–identified conservatives like Buckley would want to rehabilitate one of their heroes. But what is most disturbing about the
efforts to restore McCarthy's good name has been the pathetic response of many on the left. Anti–McCarthy historian Ellen Schrecker urged a
cease–fire on criticism of Kazan's award on the grounds that we should "separate Kazan the informer and Kazan the artist."[4] Even worse,
Miriam and Walter Schneir, who established a case for the Rosenbergs' innocence in Invitation to an Inquest,[5] now say they were wrong.
"Twenty years ago, I would have said that there weren't a significant number of American Communists who spied," liberal historian
Maurice Isserman told the New York Times Magazine. "It's no longer possible to hold that view."[6]
In all of the charges and countercharges, it is easy to lose sight of what McCarthyism meant to millions of ordinary Americans. Miriam Zahler, the
daughter of Detroit Communists, recalls:
My worst nightmare when I was seven or eight was that my mother would be taken away...as the Rosenbergs had been from [their children]. Ethel and
Julius were at the very center of my terror...I asked my mother why the Rosenbergs were in jail. For passing out some leaflets, she

U.s. Foreign Policy Of Containment
–George Kennan George Kennan was a major factor in the U.S. foreign policy of containment, which was created during the Cold War in order to
prevent the spread of Communist ideology of the Soviet Union in other countries. After World War II, George Kennan, "...a career diplomat and expert
on Russia..."(Roark, Pg.867), had anticipated that the Soviet Union wanted to gain power and expand Communism throughout other countries, so in
order to provide a counterforce and protect American capitalism, Kennan developed the idea of containment that defended threaten countries from
Communist power with American atomic weapons, economic aid, espionage, propaganda, and army alliances. Eventually, the containment policy was
significant in America and around the world because it was "...a critical turning point in the development of the Cold War, providing a compelling
rationale for wielding U.S. power throughout the world."(Roark, Pg.870) (Roark, Pg.867) –Keynesian Economics Keynesian economics, derived from
the ideology of John Maynard Keynes', was a strategy used during post World War II that would prevent economic decline in the United States by
incorporating government spending. Keynesian economics would work by using "...deficit spending to stimulate the economy when in the down cycle
and increased taxes to retire the debt during the upswing."(Lecture A, Week 5). Some government spending programs that reflected the idea of
Keynesian economics in America included The Employment

Cultural Relativism: The Earth Liberation Front
INTRODUCTION: Terrorism is a feared word in every country it is stated. The act of terrorism is a vile thing and mournful due to its traumatizing
impact on peoples lives and the stigma that goes along with the term. People identify the term with the objective of harming people living in the
country the reside in. The objective of helping a good cause is not feared. The objective of helping a good cause by force is not appreciated, this
would be for example being pressured into signing a petition. But, the act of helping a good cause with the use of force and violent acts is considered
terrorism. The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) have the goal of saving the earth, stopping deforestation, etc., but the way they go about doing it is not
acceptable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And that is why these changes in laws and regulations must be made. The President of the United States must be the person to declare this given that
they have the greatest influence and are the representatives of the U.S.
References:
ACLU. 2018. How the USA Patriotic Act Redefines "Domestic Terrorism". ACLU. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/other
/how–usa–patriot–act–redefines–domestic–terrorism
Barnard, Jeff. 14, December 2006. Two plead guilty in 1998 ELF resort fire. The Seattle Times.
Retrieved from https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle–news/two–plead–guilty–in–1998–elf– ski–resort–fire/ Curry, Marshall. 2011. If a Tree Falls: A
Story of the Earth Liberation Front. Oscilloscope
Laboratories.
Potter, Will. 2016. Trump Supporter Promises Legislation to Label Protest as "Economic
Terrorism". Green Is the New Red: Terrorism Legislation. Retrieved from http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/
Potter, Will. 2011. Lead ELF Informant Jake Ferguson Arrested on Drug Charges. Green is the
New Red. Retrieved http://www.greenisthenewred.com/blog/jake–ferguson–drug–arrest– elf/4653/ Potter, Will. 2016. Violence against
environmentalists is now at an all–time high. Green is the new red: Government Priorities. Retrieved from

Psychological Profiling And Predictive Modelling
Contents
1.Executive Summary3
2.Introduction4
3.Intellectual Property Rights5
1)Patents5
2)Trademarks5
3)Copyrights5
4)Trade Secrets5
4.The Nature of Threats6
1)Computer Hacking6
2)Reverse Engineering6
3)Physical multimedia piracy6
4)Online Piracy6
5)Disclosure of Emails7
6)Disclosure of employees information7
5.The Magnitude of the Threat8
6.Offenders9
7.The Source of Threat10
1)Externally influenced theft of IP10
2)Internally influenced theft of IP10
8.Methods of stealing Intellectual Property11
9.Mitigation strategies12
1)Separation of Dties12
2)Psychological Profiling and Predictive modelling12
3)Defence–in–depth13
4)Traffic Pattern Detection13
5)Use of Isolated Systems for Administrators13

6)Handling of Employees Grievances13
10.International Scope14
11.Legislative Actions15
12.Conclusion16
13.References17
1.Executive Summary
Today organisations are having pressure to invent their product faster than their competitors so that they can survive in the market and deliver that
product with such a functionally or features that no one can imagine. This is the way for the organisations to survive in the market and increase their
revenue by increasing sales. Due to many reasons such as increased customer expectations, revenue pressure, cost pressure, standardised software
engineering processes, organisation are facing the pressure of developing complex products within the limited time frame which sometime makes

The Lego Company: Publish or Protect
HBS's The Lego Group: Publish or Protect?
Innovation and Intellectual Property Project
10.12.2014
Lego Group is the worlds' fourth largest toy manufacturer. Their core product is a construction play design which allows for bricks to interlock
together to design pre–designed or unique creations. In terms of volume and precision, the company relays on their core competence of "high volume
precision molding" and has developed further strategies and technologies to ensure their growth and success in the area. The company is therefore
faced with the difficulty in deciding how to protect this internal process and technology. Should this information be patented, kept as atrade secret, or
published? This paper explores ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lego Patenting:
In this case we must analyze what makes most sense for Lego and their manufacturing and technology use purposes. Therefore there has been an
analysis on what they have already patented and if this technology process also makes sense to protect under intellectual property.
One of their first patents passed in October 1961, three years after the initial filing date was the concept of the Toy Building Brick. "This invention
relates to toy building elements and more particularly to toy building bricks or blocks adapted to be connected together by means of projections
extending from the faces of the elements and arranged so as to engage protruding portions of an adjacent element when two such elements are
assembled– Toy elements of this kind will be referred to generally as building bricks, and the principal object of the invention is to provide improved
coupling means for clamping such building bricks together in any desired relative position thus providing for a vast variety' of combinations of the
bricks for making toy structures of many different kinds and shapes." The full patent will not be cited, but a main aspect of this paper is to find out
exactly what DOES make sense for Lego, and this here is the perfect example of a positive play on IP and protecting an invention that was created by
the company that could not simply be published nor kept a trade secret as it is their main product that they offer to

Westjet
What does it mean to be a WestJetter?
The airline industry rides a train that is propelled by many different factors, such as the state of the economy, jet fuel prices, people's view of the
industry itself and the image of the individual airline entity. Founded by Clive Beddoe, Don Bell, Mark Hill and Tim Morgan,WestJet has been riding a
different train from the get–go since its inauguration in 1996,. Nobody would have thought that a bottom–up management structure in an airline
business would work so well. The culture that they have built is now part of their brand and they are proud of it.
As their culture being part of their brand, the low–cost, no hassle airliner should have some contingency plans in place to secure their ... Show more
To further excel in this challenging industry, it is important for WestJet to continue to strengthen and retain its people. A good way to motivate its
employees is by having a recognition program that rewards the workers who demonstrate passion in their work and contribute by going beyond the
normal expectations (somebody who exhibits organizational citizenship behaviour). We propose a system for WestJet to have a point system involving
people giving points to other people for outstanding service. Every employee will be able to give a maximum amount of points per year. These points
can be used to purchase items off of the company website. At month end meetings, managers can announce stories representing core values of WestJet.
The reason for such an implementation of this point system is to eliminate any unnecessary competition within the departments because everyone is
given a set amount of points per year. Essentially, points are not earned for the amount that you do but how you chose to handle your job. Moreover,
having the anecdotes read out will inspire others due to the warm fuzzy feeling that it will create. This will create both intrinsic and extrinsic reward
for all the employees regardless.
A successful implementation of the recognition system will intrinsically motivate workers as opposed to extrinsically and allow people to set new
standards for the company.

Essay about Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act...
Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act (Amendment) of 1918
On April 2nd 1917, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States of America, ??went before Congress and called for a declaration of war. Both the
House and the Senate voted overwhelmingly in favor of going to war with Germany.?# This was an act that led to much resistance among theAmerican
people. Not four months earlier the American people re–elected President Wilson, partly because of his success in keeping the United States out of this
European war. However, a series of events, such as the Germans continuing submarine warfare and the attacks on five American ships, led President
Wilson to sever diplomatic relations with Germany and send the United States into what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently, in 1918, after approximately two thousand people were prosecuted#, according to Mickey Z., under the Espionage Act of 1917, the
Wilson Administration passed the Sedition Act of 1918, also known as the Sedition Amendment to the Espionage Act. The Sedition Act of 1918
increased the governments power to suppress the American people in their effort to criticize the war. Under this new amendment Congress expanded
their power to not only punish those interfering with national defense and recruiting troops, but also included those individuals, who according to U.S.
History.com, ??publicly criticized the government– including negative comments about the flag, military or Constitution.?#
These two Acts of Congress were in direct contradiction to the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, which states: ?Congress shall
make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of
the right of the people peaceably assemble, and to petition

Communism vs. Democracy : Emergence of the Cold War
25.03.2012
Essay Topic #2 – Using documents 1.1–1.6 and your wider knowledge, evaluate the assumptions underlying Soviet and US polices at the end of the
Second World War.
Ali vs. Frazier – Communism vs. Democracy
The phrase "when one door closes, another door opens" applies to most cases throughout the history of our existence. World War II was no
exception. With a world free of Nazi stronghold and the "Axis of Evil", a lot of changes were being made. Before World War II there were six great
powers: Great Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States. By the end of the war, the United States stood alone. The end
of World War II virtually left two of these superpowers, who helped end Hitler's realm, at a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soviet foreign policy. In February of 1945, at the Yalta Conference held in Russia, the Soviets proposed German reparations of $20,000,000,000 be
paid, half of which would go to the Soviets. This was a number that was scoffed at by the Grand Alliance. It was evident that Soviet policy intended to
spread communism throughout war–ridden Europe, especially through their reparation demands. Tensions rose at the Potsdam Conference regarding
Soviet behavior in Germany at the war's end, a working paper of United States delegation stated "Payment of reparations should leave sufficient
resources to enable the German people to subsist without external assistance... all these removals were in complete violation of all efforts to maintain
'non–war potential' industries in Germany... What we saw amounts to organized vandalism directed not alone against Germany, but against US forces
of occupation" Stalin's policy on Germany was simply to make sure they never posed a threat to Soviet existence again by burying them while they
were down post–war. A classic battle for the future of German ideology existed, communism vs. democracy, Stalin vs. Truman.
Joseph Stalin's most successful policy for the Soviet regime came with the installment of the "Iron Curtain" at the Yalta Conference. The Iron Curtain

Swot Analysis : Counterintelligence ( Ci )
Counterintelligence (CI) involves actions aimed at protecting the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage from penetration
and disruption by hostile nations or their intelligence services (Lowenthal, 2014). Three main components of Counterintelligence include collection,
defensive and offensive. The collection is the ability to gather intelligence information about rivalry capabilities against own nation; defensive part of
CI involves measures to prevent and thwart other nations ' attempts to penetrate into own nation 's intelligence system; while an offensive aspect deal
with running double agents to penetrate, manipulate, exploit, and control targeted adversaries. CI is said to be the most essential aspect of the
intelligence disciplines, in the sense that it helps in collecting vast quantities of secret information and produce an excellent analysis of intelligence,
although, ineffective counterintelligence measures may diminish confidence in the final results (Van Cleave, 2013).
According to Federal Bureau of Investigation (2011) after the 9/11 attacks, "significant advances have been made in clarifying and rectifying
intelligence gaps and requirements through the formation of liaison and working relationships with other U.S. intelligence community agencies,
foreign partners, the private sector, and academia". For instance, since 2001, FBI CI program has resulted in total arrests of 249, of which 46 of them
were linked to espionage. CI has

Eeoc's Argument
When examining these questions the answers may cause "red flags" to appear. Doing something you know is wrong is one part of the case but the
other side of the argument is how well we as a company protected something we consider so valuable. According to an article from "The Bulletin
Newsletter" it is a common practice for disgruntle employees to remove information from a company and store within their homes. This is why it is
imperative for companies to have a policy protecting against the removal, disclosure or improper use of business information. Many companies
enforce a policy of termination if any of the trade secrets are disclosed. Besides from the legally ramifications an employee that breaches confidentially
can face, the action... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One obvious fee that we will be impacted is the legal fees we can expect to endure through the process of litigation. According to an article fines
and penalties are imposed by federal and state agencies. Some basic expenses that the company will have to endure during the trial could
potentially be attorney fees, investigative expenses, and loss of productivity as a result of witness testimonies. Also many times a company is
forced to pay back the former employee for lost wages and can be forced to reinforce in the employee who was dismissed unfairly in the eyes of
the court, as well as the employer being forced to pay financial hardships and emotional distress. According to all the research that I have done the
judges in these case tend to order employers to pay all attorney fees (for the former employee as well), punitive damages, compensatory damages,
back pay, restoration, and classes to implement within the company for the future exampling about the rights of each employee. The case expenses are
not the only way the situation will affect the company financially. In many cases a company will also see a decrease in sales and revenue due to the
media coverage. Socially responsible companies and consumers may not want to support a company that is being investigated for discriminatory

The Case Of Greene 's Jewelry
LEGAL MEMORANDUM GREENE'S JEWLERY V. JENNIFER LAWSON Parthenia Hill MBA 601 MEMORANDUM CONFIDENTIAL TO:
Greene's Jewelry Legal Department FROM: Parthenia Hill DATE: 11/03/2016 RE: Jennifer Lawson– Breach of Confidential INTRODUCTION In the
case of Greene's Jewelry located in Derry, New Hampshire. v. Jennifer Lawson (Known as The Defendant). The Defendant worked in the research and
development department at Greene's Jewelry as a junior executive secretary for 3 years. The Defendant recently found out she was pregnant and was
released from the company by Lisa Peele, head of Human Resources per Greene's Jewelry was downsizing and The Defendants position was no longer
needed. Upon leaving Greene's Jewelry the Defendant took documents disclosing patent information that outlined the secret process of manufacturing
Ever–Gold. Ever–Gold is a synthetic gold–colored material that's impervious to scratches, discoloration, oxidization, and is marked as "everlasting
gold" (2016), which is used on Greene's Jewelry necklaces, rings, earrings, and bracelets. This is Greene's Jewelry most asset. Upon accepting
employment with Greene's Jewelry, The Defendant signed a nondisclosure agreement that legally binds those who agree to keep specified information
a secret or secured. The Defendant never signed a covenant agreement with Greene's Jewelry. The Defendant becomes employed with one of Greene's
Jewelry competitors Howell Jewelry World. Howell Jewelry World knows The

The Legal Team Of Greene 's Jewelry
5.Greene's Jewelry will prove that they did not wrongfully discharge Ms. Lawson in light of her pregnancy news by submitting documents backing
their decision to remove the junior secretary position. The Application of the Law to the Facts We the legal team of Greene's Jewelry has the
opportunity to evaluate all the necessary details of the case and overlooked what the strengths and weaknesses of our argument would be presented in
the Court. To assist our argument we have decided to utilize the regulations, substantive laws and case laws. The case precedents will provide
multiple directions for the arguments to be assessed in the Court. Greene's Jewelry is more likely to receive a favorable judgment by applying these
laws, in the claim against Ms. Lawson. After numerous evaluations and examinations, we the legal team has assessed the elements of the case and
concluded that the primary reason of the lawsuit against Ms. Lawson is due to her breach of the non–disclosure agreement. The manner in which Ms.
Lawson violated her contract depicts her true intention in her activities. Ms. Lawson's behavior led to an interruption in Greene's Jewelry daily
business operation process. Howell acquired confidential information from Ms. Lawson on Greene's secret trade process of Ever–Gold makes it a
criminal offense. The State of New Hampshire has established laws to "protect private and public bodies from misappropriation of secret trades; these
are laws that copy the Federal Uniform

Ethical Orientation Report
My ethical standard is of justice, which is "...based on principles like justice, fairness, equality, or authority" (Nickels, 2016, p. 99). Having finished the
Ethical Orientation Questionnaire, I have 6 on 9 answers indicating the justice ethical standards, and 3 left indicating the ethical of cares. ii. The action
I would take is not taking the advantages of the stolen information. I would keep concentrating in finding the solutions needed in a shorter period of
time, which are originally estimated to take us 10 weeks, in the meanwhile, negotiating with the investors to expand their due time, motivating the
employees and preventing them from feeling down. iii. The reason why I would take the action is that I find stealing the information would... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas, if I don't steal, there is a reasonable possibility that my business could survive through the tough time. I might be able to negotiate with the
investors to expand the due time from 8 weeks to 10 weeks, with higher interest or other incentives, so that I can find the solution and apply it. I will
motivate and encourage the employees, try our best to find the solution in a shorter period of time. In the worst case, I might think of the back–up plan
that many U.S. companies follow: to declare bankruptcy. According to Chapter 11 of the United States Code, under certain conditions, a bankrupt
company is allowed to pay lower debts in longer period of time, and also to implement restructuring its structure. It might be a practical plan if I
cannot find any other solution. Last, one of the major thing I learned from the course is that facing risk of failure is what it takes to be an
entrepreneur. If I am an entrepreneur, I have to face the risk

Civil Liberties vs National Security
Name:
Supervisor:
Subject:
Date:
In U.S., the bill of rights protects civil liberties. People in the United States, hold civil rights, which are those privileges, immunities and rights held by
all Americans and political rights, which are the rights that are restricted to those who are entitled to participate in elections, as candidates or voters.
The distinction is important since not all are eligible to vote though they all should enjoy their freedoms. This may no longer be feasible as majority of
the civil rights are taken to include the political rghts in this age.
National security can be defined as a country's need to maintain its survival by use of military, political and economic power for diplomacy. Civil
liberty are freedoms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The F.B.I, has significant legal powers, excellent resources, and a jurisdiction that has overseas coverage. They have in recent years penetrated and
prosecuted many organized criminal gangs, uncovered public corruption and successfully caught up with terror attacks. Still the same F.B.I has
curtailed the basic freedoms of association, speech e.t.c The bureau while protecting their national security freedoms has infringed the human rights by
disrupting and neutralizing peaceful protests. It has more so focused its resources on neutralizing and curbing political activity other than investigate
criminal activities. The force, does not have accountability to the the public while incriminates on the basis of association instead of relying hard facts
and evidence to get hold of the real criminals.
The adoption of legislation such as the Anti–terrorism Act (1996), is a good indicator of past injustices and the unrestricted investigations by the
bureau based on political agendas. The Act's deliberate criminalization of peaceful activity gave the F.B.I. leverage to involve itself in the religious,
ethnic and political grouping involving themselves in peaceful and humanitarian work. Afterwards, it grew to encourage politically motivated
investigations. The deportation and exclusion of immigrants on the basis of guilt

Intellectual Property Theft
Chinese involvement in Intellectual Property Theft
The depth of China's involvement in intellectual property theft is far greater than I would have ever expected. Prior to taking the business law course, I
never thought about what intellectual property theft was or the impacts that it has. The report of the Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual
Property, states that "China is the world's largest source of Intellectual Property theft" (pg 10 & 11) costing the American economy hundreds of
billions of dollars per year, along with millions of jobs.
Studies have estimated around seventy percent of the intellectual property theft is related to China. The head of the National Security Agency told a
Senate panel that China's government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On March 14th Motorola Solutions filed complaints in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against Hytera Communications
Corporation limited. The case number of the patent infringement is 1:17–cv–1972 and 1:17–cv–1973 is the case for the trade secret theft. Hytera a
company based in Shenzhen, China had the assistance of three engineers from Motorola that prior to their resigning were able to download and transfer
thousands of highly classified Motorola documents. Motorola is seeking to prohibit Hytera sales and imports into the United

Reforms in the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) of 1996
There are two important major reforms that the U.S. established, the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) of 1996 and the Theft of Trade Secrets Act of
2012. The U.S. established the EEA of 1996 to protect companies with industrial espionage, theft of trade secrets, fraud, transfer of custody, and
penalties on offenses(ECONOMIC ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1996). "The EEA of 1996 is an act that makes theft or misappropriation of trade secrets a
federal crime" (LaMance). Activities that are punishable under the EEA of 1996 if the person:
"steals, or without authorization takes, carries away, or by deception obtains a trade secret without authorization copies, downloads, uploads, alters,
destroys, transmits, or conveys a trade secret, receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing that the trade secret has been stolen or obtained
wrongfully attempts to do any of the aforementioned activities , attempts to commit economic espionage are punishable under the same penalties.
The EEA is particularly severe with people or corporations who steal trade secrets in order to benefit foreign countries or foreign agents" (LaMance).
Penalties under the EEA of 1996 if a person is found guilty can be fined up to $500 thousand and serve 10 years in jail. A company can be fined up to
five million but if it serves to benefit, a foreign country or a foreign agent fines are up to $10 million and up to 15 years in jail.
In April 2012, the U.S. tried to convict Sergey Aleynikov, a computer programmer at

Bart J. Van Dissel And Joshua D. Margolis 's Martha Mccaskey
Bart J. Van Dissel and Joshua D. Margolis's Martha McCaskey, is a case study about Martha McCaskey, a young, inexperienced graduate in her first
full–time job facing an ethical dilemma. McCaskey has to make decisions between promotion from successfully completing a project but conflicting her
ethics and professional integrity and alienation from losing 20% of the division's total revenue and future businesses due to failure of completing the
project. To further analyze the case and derives ideal solution, we should understand that McCaskey is not the only major stakeholders influenced by
the event. Other major stakeholders and their problems have to be identified. By understanding goals, concerns a problems of each stakeholder, we
could then conduct analyses of alternative solutions in order to derive recommended solutions for McCaskey.
McCaskey, our major stakeholder, is working her way up in the company. She finds her first assignment in Seleris to be relatively easy and that she
successfully completes it by herself with compliments from Richardson, senior vice president, and Malone, vice president, that "her analysis was the
best they had yet seen by anyone in the division"(Dissel & Margoils, 2004, p.4). The second assignment though is challenging. After unsuccessful
attempt at trying to get help from recognized team leaders, she decides to work on her own. McCaskey has made efforts to work seven days a week,
10 to15 hours each day over 6 months, and in the end she is

The Negative Effects Of Downloading Music From The Music...
While few people may argue that downloading music from the internet should not be illegal, many others realize that it is clearly an act of theft to
steal the work of others. The amount of the music being illegally downloaded has risen tremendously over the years causing music industries
worldwide to cripple and disappear. As many may say that downloading music illegally is not harmful in any way, they are imperceptive to the fact
that it is causing a large amount of decreasing revenue. As Marielena Reyes states "The immediate effects from online piracy can be the sales drop
from CD labels and signings with artists, which could then lead to the large sums of money music industries claim to have lost. Downloading music
does not have any negative effects to music industry finances, artists credibility, and earrings." Reyes claims music industries will gain money off of
online piracy due to the fact that sales of CD labels and signings with artist will drop but later on this will only cause the music industries to lose
billions since that is what they depend on. "Potential know loses to all American Industry could amount to as much as $63 billion, with the current
losses occurring at a rate of $2 billion a month. The high–tech industry has an average loss per incident reported of $19 million... continues to
increase," said Neil J. Gallagher, proving the fact that music corporations are losing money "due to piracy of software, music and interactive digital
software on the internet." The less money they are receiving from sales, result in having little to no money for their own incorporation, no money for
employees, and no money to sign contracts with artists, leading them to the collapse of the company. By being able to download music online with
no coast, the general public worldwide will be able to afford music, as Jessica Martinez said "Individuals have the right to make decisions when it
comes to doing the correct action but if one person deals with tough situations such as not having enough money to buy music, free downloaders helps
individuals deal with hardships by allowing them to indulge in the act of downloading free music." Although many people might not be able to pay the
price of the CDs or other

The Integration Of Uzbekistan And Islamic State
The IMU began in 1989 in order to form a protection force for developing small businesses in the Soviet Union. The group was referred to as
Adolant which means justice in Uzbek. This movement began in the Fergana Valley region which sits in Namangan, Uzbekistan (Stein, 2014, para.
2). In 1998 the IMU shifted its operations to overthrow the current leadership of Uzbekistan and follow Sharia making it an Islamic State. The IMU
did not agree with the way Islom Karimov was running Uzbekistan as president (encyclopedia of espionage, 2015, para. 1). Osama Bin Laden
provided the IMU with 130,000 dollars in a trip to the mountains of Tajikistan. The money was handed directly to Namangani who was the current
financier for the IMU (Ruzaliev, 2004, para. 9).
According to Ruzaliev (2004), "A few weeks later, a meeting took place in Karachi between the members of Islamic organizations from Pakistan,
Kuwait, Jordan, Egypt, the Palestine, Kashmir, Uzbekistan, and Chechnia. They agreed to raise two million dollars to support the Holy Jihad against
Karimov's regime (para. 9)."
IMU had been operating in northern Afghanistan at the time of the September 11, 2001 attacks and were greatly setback when Operation Enduring
Freedom kicked off (stein, 2014, p. 2). Stein stated (2014), "Sometime after the IMU moved into Afghanistan after the incursions, Yuldashev took an
Islamic oath of loyalty to Mullah Omar, leader of the Taliban (p. 5). According to Stein (2014), "Juma Namangani and

Information Technology Ethics
PRIVACY Privacy has sometimes been described as: the right to be left alone, or the right to exercise control over one's personal information, or a set
of conditions necessary to protect our individual dignity and autonomy. Information Privacy– the way in which governments or organizations handle
our personal information such as our age, address, sexual preference and so on. Financial Data – Personal financial data must be kept in its highest
confidentiality in order to secure private information including credit cards, checking and savings accounts, loans, payroll direct deposit, and brokerage
accounts. All financial transactions must be done with proper authentication method which can be filled up by the user, such as... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Electronic Communications Privacy Act 1986 (ECPA)– ECPA amended Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (the
"Wiretap Act") by extending government restrictions on wiretaps beyond telephone calls to apply to electronic data transmissions Communications
Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (1994)– CALEA's purpose is to enhance the ability of law enforcement and intelligence agencies to conduct
electronic surveillance by requiring that telecommunications carriers and manufacturers of telecommunications equipment modify and design their
equipment, facilities, and services to ensure that they have built–in surveillance capabilities, allowing federal agencies to monitor all telephone,
broadband internet, and VoIP traffic in real–time. USA PATRIOT Act (2001)
– The purpose of the USA PATRIOT Act is to deter and punish terrorist
acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and other purposes, some of which include: пѓ To
strengthen U.S. measures to prevent, detect and prosecute international money laundering and financing of terrorism; пѓ To subject to special scrutiny
foreign jurisdictions, foreign financial institutions, and classes of international transactions or types of accounts that are susceptible to criminal abuse;
пѓ To require all appropriate elements

The Reason For Fair Credit Reporting Act
The reason for Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.S. В§ 1681 et seq., is to require that customer detailing organizations embrace sensible
strategies for addressing the necessities of business for purchaser credit, faculty, protection, and other data in a way which is reasonable and
evenhanded to the shopper, with respect to the classification, exactness, significance, and appropriate usage of such data. 15 U.S.C.S. В§ 1681(b). It
gives that a CRA may outfit a shopper answer to a man who the CRA trusts expects to utilize the data regarding an acknowledge exchange for the
customer or for business purposes. 15 U.S.C. В§ 1681b(a)(3). Under 15 U.S.C. В§ 1681k(a) which outfits a purchaser report for work purposes and
which for that reason orders... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part 1681o manages the obligation of "any individual who is careless in neglecting to conform to any prerequisite forced under this subchapter
concerning any customer" and gives that such individual is at risk to the buyer in a sum equivalent to the purchaser's genuine harms and lawyer's
charges and expenses. 15 U.S.C. В§ 1681o(a). Peter sent out notices of the collection and sharing procedures but did not mention in his notice that
individuals have the ability to restrict disclosure of nonpublic personal information to other entities. Under Section 1681k it states that Peter is
responsible for telling individuals that personal information is being distributed to other entities. If Peter is found guilty of this violation then under
Section 1684 [n] and [o] he would have to pay that individual under these sections. See– (Henderson v. Trans Union, LLC (E.D.Va. May 2, 2017, Civil
Action No. 3:14–cv–00679–JAG) 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 67028) where the court held that "The process that Trans Union set up to generate and send
PEER Letters is an objectively reasonable interpretation of В§ 1681k(a)(1)." The undisputed certainties appear, and the offended parties surrender, that
the substance of the PEER Letter conforms to the statutory prerequisites. The undisputed actualities additionally demonstrate that once Trans Union
gets a demand for an Employment Credit Report, it looks its database for data on the particular buyer and if the data recovered incorporates open

The CIA Essay
The CIA
Thinking in the philosophical terms of "good" and "evil," nothing purely "good" can survive without the slightest taint of "evil," and vice–versa. The
same standard exists for everything. Just as you cannot always succeed by being purely honest, a government cannot hold itself together without
committing it's own personal rights and wrongs. The United States of America has protected its residents well in the past, and kept the appearance of a
mild innocense; well, most of it, anyway. The CovertIntelligence Agency (CIA) is mostly swamped in its wrongs, though many have not even been
proven. The CIA has been this country's "yang" to protect the populace of the USA.CIA is an agency of the Executive Branch of the... Show more
This prevents the theft of secret information and detects the presence of spies in the United States. Some think the history of espionage goes back to
prehistoric times. The bible tells of Moses sending spies into Canaan. Frederick the Great of Prussia is credited with originating organized espionage.
George Washington's spies obtained intelligence and information during the Revolutionary war. The CIA's original job was primarily intelligence
gathering, but when Communism started to spread, the National Security Council directed that the agency take part in political, covert, paramilitary,
and economic operations. When the Korean War broke out, the CIA performed these operations, it also had additional requirements to support the
combat forces. In 1950 and 1953, the CIA went through several changes. An Office of National Estimates was given the mission of projecting future
developments. Overseas operations were placed in one directorate. Another directorate was in charge of all intelligence production and a third
directorate included all support activities. During this period, up until 1961, the CIA was at the height of its cold war activity. It carried out continuous
foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, political action, and propaganda.3 In 1955, Dwight D. Eisenhower signed a bill granting $46 million for the
construction of a CIA Headquarters Building. The cornerstone of the

Information Privacy And The Protection Of Information
Introduction
According to (Whitman & Mattord 2014) Information Security can be defined as the protection of information and its characteristics which are
confidentiality, integrity and availability, and all the systems and hardware that use, store and transmit information. Information systems and the
information thereof are protected from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction (Andress 2014) and this can be
achieved through the application of policy, training and awareness.
Information privacy otherwise known as data privacy or data protection deals with the collection, use and disclosure of personal information (Solove et
al. 2006). And from a medical perspective, (Security 2009) clearly defines information privacy as "a person's right to keep his/her health information
from been disclosed without authorization". This definition can also be applicable to any organization that deals with personal information. To ensure
that organizations are privacy compliant, principles such as the Information Privacy Principles (IPP) coiled from the Information Privacy Act 2009
place strict obligation on organizations on the collection, storage, usage and disclosure of personal information. Under these principles, in collecting
personal information, an agency must only by lawful means and directly from an individual request only the personal information for purposes directly
related to the function of that agency. In securely storing of personal

What Are The Limitations Of HUMINT Collection
Human intelligence (HUMINT) and technical intelligence (TECHINT) provide a unique capability of gaining information about our adversaries.
Information acquired by these two collection methods allows government decision makers and military commanders to make informed decisions and to
enable proper countermeasures to protect US interests. Although these collection methods provide vital capabilities and intelligence they don't not come
without limitations.
The office that takes primary responsibility of HUMINT collection is but not limited to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Operation Officers from
the CIA's national clandestine service in bed into foreign nations and attempt to gain information and recruit individual with access to information.
"HUMINT is collected through clandestine acquisition of photography, documents, and other material, overt collection by people overseas, debriefing
of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The largest limitations is find a trustworthy source. When pulling information from an individual loyal to their country you must question why they are
willing to provide this information. Is this information legitimate or are the providing misinformation as a counterintelligence method. All intelligence
collected from HUMINT sources must be cross referenced with other methods of collection to confirm validity. Due to the nature of HUMINT
collection it remains one of the most risky collection methods out there. Imbedding agents into unfriendly areas requires these individual to have a
robust cultural, interpersonal and linguistic background. If these individuals are captured and interrogated what sensitive information do they know
that can be harmful to US interests? Nobody out right says they are going to talk and it might work in the movies but I guarantee that under certain
circumstances everyone has their breaking

War On Drugs And America
War On Drugs Fifteen billion dollars. The possibilities of things to do with fifteen billion dollars are endless. Some may use this towards college.
Others towards health care facilities. Some may even use this hefty amount to renovate homes and still be left with a fortune to spare. All in all, the
average American would use this currency toward benefit life in some way or another. The U.S Federal government wished the same when they used
these fifteen billion dollars towards the "War on Drugs" in 2010 alone and continue to use more but the question still remains; does this amount, which
goes towards campaigns against narcotics at the rate of $500 per second, actually benefit lives? Over the last four decades, money, time, and effort has
been poured out towards this cause yet numerous complications still stand in account of drug related cases.
Americans discovered the wonder drug, opium, in mid–18th to late 19th century. Birth was given to a new kind of danger and addiction that escalated
at a fast rate. The southeast population that moved to the United States during the California Gold Rush not only came for the opportunity and hope
of striking gold but along with this hope introduced opium as a long living problem. The drug was primarily named, "God's Own Medicine" as it
treated the president of the time, William Henry Harrison, perfected menstrual problems for women, and was used in the American Civil War as a
means of relieving the pain of soldiers. The smoking of

Corporate Espionage
"The growing corporate espionage activities due to intense competition lead to highly controlling security measures and intensive employee monitoring
which bring about distrust in the workplace"
Part I .What I already know The reason I chose this topic is due to the fact that a class called human resources management which by the way is my
major, once we discussed the topic of ethics the professor covered corporate espionage and determined it as a federal crime. Professor Valdivieso felt
very passionately about this topic because his thesis was based on this area. He is a professional who I admire very much, and I was looking forward
to developing a research paper on this topic. Day by day the news portrays crimes like assault, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She also compares case studies which basically portray the fact that empowering your employees and having a clear framework of values in the
company, makes them feel important and needed and can contribute as a countermeasure to control corporate espionage.
Some action that can be taken according to the book depends on the threat you're facing and believe it or not the difference between regular spies and
corporate spies is very small so the same so the means to control it are alike.
There are four countermeasures that are commonly used by industrial spies: technical, operational, physical and personnel security, these will later on
be discussed in depth due to the harm that can be caused to a company by a lack of security not only financially speaking but also the workplace
environment distrust that can only be corrected by reorganizing employees. This will represent time and money wasted.
Clearly Dr. Marjorie Chang believe corporate espionage is everywhere today and should be considered as a potential threat especially in big
corporation when the competition rises daily and technological access is just a click away. The question is how do we draw the line between
excessive monitoring and preventative actions to diminish distrust? In my next source one of my concerns form part II is met, showing the most
vulnerable parts in a company

The Odyssey Essay
japanese–American During WWII By: Japanese immigrants and the following generations had to endure discrimination, racism, and prejudice from
white Americans. They were first viewed as economic competition. The Japanese Americans were then forced into internment camps simply because of
the whites fear and paranoia. The Japanese first began to immigrate to the United States in 1868. At first they came in small numbers. US Census
records show only 55 in 1870 and 2,039 in 1890. After that, they came in much greater numbers, reaching 24,000 in 1900, 72,000 in 1910, and 111,000
in 1920.(Parrillo,287) Most settled in the western states.(Klimova,1) Many families in Japan followed the practice of primogeniture, which is when the
eldest son ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their native born children, the Nisei (second–generation), were automatically US citizens. Thus, the Issei had land put under their children's names
directly or by collectively owning stock in landholding companies. Discrimination against the Japanese continued after World War I. The California
legislature passed a law in 1920 "prohibiting aliens form being guardians of a minor's property or from leasing any land at all."(Parrillo,288) Yet
another attempt by the dominant group to preserve power. Japanese American children also suffered racism and discrimination. In 1905, the San
Francisco School Board of Education passed a policy sending Japanese children to a segregated Oriental school in Chinatown.(Parrillo,288)
"Superintendent, Aaron Altmann, advised the city's principals: "Any child that may apply for enrollment or at present attends your school who may be
designated under the head of 'Mongolian' must be excluded, and in furtherance of this please direct them to apply at the Chinese school for
enrollment."(Asia,1) Japanese immigrants being extremely racially distinct, had different cultural customs and religious faith, and tended to chain
migrate and stay within their own small communities. This aroused distrust and the idea that they could not be assimilated.(Klimova,2) Japan's victory
in the Russo–Japanese war in 1905 fueled the irrational distrust and prejudice. It led to the Gentlemen's Agreement of

U.s. Counterintelligence And Covert Operations
U.S. Counterintelligence and Covert Operations
Counterintelligence (CI) involves actions aimed at protecting the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage from penetration
and disruption by hostile nations or their intelligence services (Lowenthal, 2014). Three main components of Counterintelligence include collection,
defensive and offensive. Collection is ability to gather intelligence information about rivalry capabilities against own nation; defensive part of CI
involve measures to prevent and thwarting other nations attempts to penetration into own nations intelligence system; while offensive deal with
running double agents to penetrate, manipulate, exploit, and control targeted adversaries. CI is said to be the most essential aspect of the intelligence
disciplines, in the sense that collecting vast quantities of secret information and produce excellent analysis of the intelligence, but ineffective
counterintelligence measures may diminish confidence the final results (Van Cleave, 2013). According toFederal Bureau of Investigation (2011)
"Significant advances have been made in clarifying and rectifying intelligence gaps and requirements through the formation of liaison and working
relationships with other U.S. intelligence community agencies, foreign partners, the private sector, and academia". For instance, since 2001, FBI CI
program has resulted to total arrests of 249, of which 46 of them were linked to espionage. Counterintelligence (CI)

Economic Espionage Essay

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