The document discusses the quantitative approach to management. It began as a result of research conducted during World War II when scientists used quantitative techniques to solve military problems. The quantitative approach involves using statistics, information models, and computer simulations to improve decision making. It includes three areas: management science which uses mathematics and statistics for decisions; operational management which focuses on transforming inputs into outputs; and management information systems which organizes data into usable information for managers. Quantitative approaches are important because they directly contribute to managerial decision making, particularly in planning and controlling, and managers rely on quantitative techniques for quality control and similar decisions.