building services 1 presentation slides

1. Building Integrated of Solar Energy
Building Services 1 (BLD60403)

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Building Integrated of Solar Energy
Nowadays…
global warming and green
house effect has increased
drastically
How to solve it ?
renewable energy sources
energy conservation
s…

4. Definition of Solar Energy
radiant energy emitted by the Sun
it is the energy that Earth receives by the Sun
it is often used in process that use this energy to generate
heat or electricity for human use

5. Building Integrated Photovoltaics
(BIPV)
most common solar energy system for building
How they function?
usually run by using panels installed on the roof of the building.
These solid-state devices simply make electricity out of sunlight, silently
with no maintenance, no pollution, and no depletion of materials.
it can provide savings in materials and electricity cost, most important
it reduce the rate of pollution because it is a renewable energy.

6. Types of BIPV
1. Facade
PV can be integrated into
the sides of building
Material: Semi-
transparent thin-film /
crystalline solar panels
Offer a larger available area.

7. 2. Rooftop
two types of rooftop panel : - Pitched roof
- Flat roof
Flat roof :
amorphous thin film solar cell integrated to a flexible polymer module which has been
attached to the roofing membrane using an adhesive sheet between the solar module backsheet
and the roofing membrane

8. 3. Glazing
creates semi-transparent surfaces using ultra-thin
solar cell
allows daylight to penetrate while simultaneously
generating electricity

9. History of Solar Energy
214-212 B.C -Archimedes’ Heat Ray
1767- The first Solar Oven
1839- The Discovery of the Photovoltaic Effect
1873-Photoconductivity in Selenium
1876-Electricity from light
1883-1891- Light Discoveries and Solar Cells
1905-Photoelectric Effect
1916- Photoelectric Effect 2

10. 1947-Solar popularity in the US
1958- Solar Energy in space
1959-1970- Efficiency of Solar Cells and
Cost
1981- Solar PoweredAircraft(Paul
Maccready)
1982- Solar Powered Cars
1986-1999- Solar Power plant

11. INSTALLATION
PROCESS

12. INSTALLATION PROCESS
CONSIDERATION BEFORE INSTALLATION
Number of solar panels
Type of solar panels
Roof space
Roof conditions

13. TYPE OF SOLAR PANEL
INSTALLATION
FLAT ROOF MOUNT
Easiest method
Offer flexibility for orienting and tilting the solar panels for ideal
solar collection.
3 most common mounting choices in flat roof installation :
- Ballasted Mount
- Hybrid Mount
- Attached Mount

14. TYPE OF SOLAR PANEL
INSTALLATION
PITCHED ROOF MOUNT
This kind of roof installation is harder to install and
maintain.
3 most common mounting choices in pitched roof mount.
- Flush Mount
- Fin Mount
- Angle Mount

15. FLAT ROOF MOUNT
BALLASTED MOUNT
Ballast mount use the weight of the array and additional weight
(generally concrete blocks) to keep the array in place, otherwise,
they’re built just like tilt-up racking.

16. FLAT ROOF MOUNT
ATTACHED MOUNT
It uses some structural
attachments combined with
typical ballasted design.
This results in minimal
roofing penetrations
These attached systems work
for any size, and hold tight
even in windy areas.
Special roof leak protection is
added to each penetration to
stop leaks.
HYBRID MOUNT

17. PITCHED ROOF MOUNT
FIN MOUNT
It is meant for houses with shallow roof pitches where the roof
slope directions are facing to the east and west.
Economical but it will need additional roof space.

18. PITCHED ROOF MOUNT
FLUSH MOUNT ANGLE MOUNT
Flush mount is not popular for
commercial applications because
it is not well suited for the flat
roofs.
The most popular method of
attaching modules to a roof.
Regularly done on a rooftop
which the panels have to
stick upwards and away from
the roof.
It has higher effectiveness for
the PV system.

19. INSTALLATION PROCESS
1.- After careful measure out and marking, tiles are removed and mounting
brackets are connected to the rafters. -
The titles are then replace once grinding of the undersides to alter a
flush work.
2.- Rails will be lock to the brackets to support the panels.
3.- Panels are hooked up to the rails using a special designed clips.
- The electrical cables behind every panel are connected to the adjacent
panel to create a “string”.
4.- The cable is fed underneath a tile and into the roof void where it is
connected to the electrical converter.
5.- Roof installation is complete.
- Notice that there should be a margin (minimum 200mm) between the
sting of the panels and also the fringe of the roof.

20. MAINTENANCE
SYSTEM

21. MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are similar to other
electrical power generating systems
Produces power when exposed to sunlight
Consisted with components to conduct,
control, convert, distribute, and store the
energy produced
Little maintenance required
Periodic inspections ensures the safety and
performance
Routine maintenance identify the problems

22. 1. Solar Panel
Most essential component
Power production depends on sunlight striking
Maintaining cleanliness
Clean when the array and power output looks
low
Clean before it heats up
Use garden hose to spray or soft rag
Do not use abrasive cleaner
Damaged modules are to be replaced

23. 2. Battery
Most-intensive component in PV system
Regular maintenance to maximize battery life
and minimizing hazardous conditions
Sealed batteries
Open-vent batteries - need periodic water
additions and cleaning
Maintenance tasks : cleaning, tightening
terminals, watering, checking battery health
and performance
Inspect battery case for any cracks or distortion
Clean using a soft brush or rag with mild soap
and water solution

24. 3. Mechanical equipment maintenance
Mounting systems are to be maintained annually
Check module-to-rail connections and rail-to-footing connections
Use torque wrenches and nut drives
Some mounting connections requires retightening

25. 4.Electrical equipment maintenance
No need to crawl along the roof, opening disconnects and inverters to check wiring
Visual checks and terminal checks are enough
Visual inspections of inverters, chargers, charge controllers, transformers, etc
Wiring Connection
Junction box/container should be first priority
Located right at the array
Exposed to extreme changes of temperature
Causes wires in place to loosen over time
Tighten terminals using torque wrench

26. The conductors are to be checked every year
Extremely prone to damage
Causes wires to create weak points and hazards such as; shock and fire hazards
Visual inspections made annually
Detect potential problems
Module Wiring

27. Case Study : Mont-Cenis Academy
LOCATION: Herne-Sodingen, Germany
SCHEDULE: Competition (1991)
Construction (1997-1999)
ARCHITECT: Jourda & Perraudin, Hegger Schleiff
BUILDING TYPE: Government training academy; multipurpose building
PV BUILDING TYPE: Semi-transparent PV overhead glazing and PV glass facade
PV INSTALLER: Flabeg Solar International
Introduction

28. CASE STUDY
Mont-CenisAcademy

29. PLAN
PLAN VIEW

30. SIDE VIEW

31. Project Background
Former coal mine
10 years to complete its architectural concept
Includes a 1 MW building-integrated PV system for the ecological and
economic renewal of the region
Began with a two-stage competition in 1991 for the Internationale
Bauausstellung Emscher Park (IBA)
First stage won by French architects Jourda & Perraudin
Second stage won by German architects Hegger, Hegger Schleif
German and French collaboration

32. Photovoltaic (PV) System
PV system total power: 1,000 kWp (PV overhead glazing: 925 kWp; PV
facade: 75 kWp)
PV system type: Grid-connected - supply side
PV module type: Laminates - transparent laminate
PV inverter type: ‘Sunny Boy 1500’; maximum power: 1,650W
PV plugs type: Special development from Lepold Kostal GmbH & Ko
KG for Flabe Solar International GmbH (Not available in market)
PV mounting structure: custom made by Wicona Bausysteme GmbH
collaboration

33. Passive Solar Energy Use
The glass envelope of the academy creates a
climatic shift in the summer and winter
It keeps out wind and rain and creates a garden-
like interior
Mild micro-climate similar to the Mediterranean
Built in the center of a mine shaft enabled a
large amount of gravel to be deposited around
the foundation area
Acts as a Thermal Mass to absorb the excess
hear of energy greenhouse during the day so
that it could be released at night to partially
compensate for the thermal loss at night

34. Ventilation and Heating System
Air conditioning systems are not installed
Sophisticated ventilation and heating systems reduce the energy consumption
considerably in comparison with conventional air-conditioning technologies
The ventilation of the glass envelope is controlled automatically from a
central position

35. BIPV Design Process
20,640m2 of glass were used for the micro-climate
glass envelope
10,533m2 of which were fitted with PV cells.
The roof itself provides space for only 9,744m2 of PV
modules
The rest was integrated in the west facade
The PV modules are multifunctional as they also
provide shading, daylighting and electricity
production at the same time.
The solution of the cells in the solar panel looks like a
cloud-patterned sky
6 different types of PV modules with different
densities of solar cells and glass of various degrees
of transparency were used

36. Installation Design
PV modules and glass panes of the overhead glazing rests on aluminium profiles
Held in place with aluminium pressure plates and glued onto aluminium profiles
All aluminium profiles are mounted on the load-bearing wooden substructure
The vertical PV-and-glass facade is carried out as a structural glazing facade
Designed specially for this project by Wicona Bausysteme GmbH,Ulm
The interconnecting plugs and required cabling are integrated in the aluminium profiles
Holds the PV modules and glass panels into place
They are invisible and protected against weather conditions and ultraviolet light

37. Advantages and
Disadvantages

38. Advantages
Renewable energy
• A reliable source of regeneratable continuous
energy
Clean energy
• An environmentally friendly and clean
source

39. Ease of maintenance
• A reliable and simple to maintain system
Economically Friendly
• Providing a huge amount of savings

40. Disadvantages
Limited Harvesting
• Dependent on the availability of the Sun
Condition Dependability
• The conditions of the area is another
variable to look into
LimitedAvailability

41. Implementation Cost
• Relatively high cost of implementation
Inefficient Technology
• A new and still problematic
and inefficient system

42. Possible Problems
of the system

43. Possible Problem
systems can degrade over time
rely on battery cells to
store the harvested energy
requires additional structural
support in the building
electrical hazard is present and its risk are
higher
require batteries cells to
store the harvested energy

44. intricate circuits have to be
designed and then installed
weather conditions can cause
unintended consequences
not future-proof fire risks
lifed items

45. Recommendations
for future
improvement

46. Recommendations for Future
Improvement
New and more advance technology for future solar energy
system
Manufacturers and retailers should reduce the cost of solar
panels so that it’s more affordable and more people will be able to
enjoy the services
Use materials and production techniques which offer better
terms and cheaper in cost such as Perovskite solar cell

47. Countries especially undeveloped or developing countries
should also take part in research and development of solar
energy system

48. THANK YOU :)