The Pros And Cons Of The League Of Nations

The Pros And Cons Of The League Of Nations
President Woodrow Wilson established America's goal for joining World War I as "making the world
safe for democracy." At the conclusion of the War, President Wilson declared fourteen principles for
peace to be used during the Paris Peace Conference, called the Fourteen Points. The most important
of these points was the final point: a general association of nations with the guarantees of political
and territorial independence and security. As the Peace Conference progressed, more nations ratified
the Treaty of Versailles and joined the League of Nations, the embodiment of President Wilson's
fourteenth point. However, Senate the United States, from President Wilson's own country, did not
ratify the treaty.
President Wilson also believed that "An overwhelming majority of the American people is in favor
of the League of Nations." The American public also had an influence, albeit a minor one, on the ...
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From the 9,051,507 independent newspapers in circulation: 3,648,141 favored; 2,955,706 did not
favor, and 2,447,660 were conditional. The conditional option generally referred to changes being
made to the Treaty involving compromises between America and the rest of the World. Of these,
there were 4,957,348 Democratic newspapers in circulation: 4,327,052 supported ratification;
121,912 did not support, and 508,384 were conditional. There were also 6,996,937 Republican
newspapers in circulation: 1,911,256 supported; 1,249,264 did not support, and 3,836,417 were
conditional. From this data, there was no evidence of definite and overwhelming dislike of the
League of Nations, but there was evidence of conflict regarding ratification with or without changes
being made to the
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Pro-Preparadeness Policies During World War I
In the years leading up to 1917, America was in a state of isolationism while paradoxically it was
adopting several pro–preparadeness policies aimed to equip the nation in case of a war. The
sentiment at home prior to 1916 was strongly against the conflict. The Progressives and Socialists
were from the beginning critics of the war. They all clamored that this was Europe's conflict and that
America had nothing to do with it. To get involved in a messy feudal conflict would be
subordinating America's interest to one or two European rival. There was also an economic
dimension for wanting the US out of the war. As long as there were troops in Europe requiring
supplies and weapons, there were creditors and war manufacturers in the US who could provide

Causes Of The Treaty Of Versailles
3. The Treaty of Versailles was created in 1919 after World War I. People have varying opinions on
the treaty, some say it was too harsh and others say it wasn't harsh enough. The treaty established a
League of Nations and made a big impact on Germany. Germany had to reduce their military; they
lost overseas territory and territory to France and Poland. "They decided the Rhineland region along
the border between France and Germany would be a "demilitarized" zone for fifteen years." (1010)
In addition, they also had to make reparations payments to the allies that cost billions of dollars.
Reparation payments made by Germany kept the country dangerously weak, impoverished, and
eager for revenge during the 1920's. (1010) The treaty also included a "War Guilt Clause" which
forced Germany to admit guilt for causing World War I, which bound them to paying the
reparations. "As a result of the Great War, four long–standing multinational empires had
disintegrated: the Russian, Austro–Hungarian, German, and Ottoman (Turkish)." (1011) The treaty
was signed by Germany on June 28th, 1919 in the glittering Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.
Unfortunately, when Wilson returned to the United States with the treaty of Versailles it never got
ratified. When he first arrived back he had support for the treaty from many governors and a third of
state legislatures. But he was very stubborn and unwilling to make any changes to the treaty so it
could be ratified. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge strongly

20th Century American Expansionism
Expansionism is the belief that a country should grow larger; a policy of increasing a country's size
by expanding its territory. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, American's
believed that for the economy to continue to grow, they needed to expand the United States' borders.
Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a divine right to expand across North America,
and therefore they did just this. Since the U.S. had a small navy at this time they were not able to
pursue territories overseas for their expansion. They then set out to conquer the territories that were
closer; this included Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Cuba. In order to have these countries
become a staple for the United States, the U.S. would have to invest a lot of money and time into the
Navy. Once this had been done and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Communications and transportation symptoms were constructed and that was great for the country's
infrastructure. There are a number of influential men that helped the United States move into its new
position as a world power. The first and probably the most important was Henry Cabot Lodge.
Lodge was a Massachusetts Senator who supported American expansion. He gave his support to
building a strong navy which in return allowed the United States to become powerful. Lodge
worked for the Panama Canal and naval bases to support the world trade. During the U.S.
intervention in Cuba in 1989, Lodge was a very strong supporter. Following American victory in the
Spanish–American War "Lodge came to represent the imperialist faction of the Senate, those who
called for the annexation of the Philippines. Lodge maintained that the United States needed to have
a strong navy and be more involved in foreign affairs." (History, Spanish–American War).

Arms Race Dbq
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism played a huge part in the led up to World War 1.
With the threat of war hanging over the heads of many countries, the Arms Race began. Germany,
France, and Russia started to recruit a large portion of their male population. This gave the men a
taste of war and the military experience. The Arms Race caused every European state have access to
a huge army, but these armies ere ruining their economics. The citizens knew that they needed to rid
of themselves of these armies before they went into economic ruin, but before this could happen
they were propelled into war. Germany created a large, modern navy that threatened Britain. At the
time of this threat, Germany was trying to secure Britain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Woodrow Wilson did not consult the Senate during negotiations and had not won over the influential
chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Republican Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts.
Lodge disliked Wilson and believed the United States should hold complete freedom of action in
international affairs.
The most important reservation amended the treaty by stating that the United States would retain
complete freedom of action in foreign affairs and that only Congress had the right to commit U.S.
forces to military action–not the league or the President.
To get the two–thirds vote needed for ratification, supporters of the treaty needed to make an
alliance with those in favor. But Wilson refused to make any compromises. Instead, he took his case
directly to the people, confident that public opinion would force the Senate to accept the treaty and
the League of Nations. In September 1919 Wilson embarked on a nationwide speaking tour to rally
support. On November 19, Democrats in the Senate voted down the treaty with the Lodge
reservations. Lodge's republican coalition voted down Wilson's version of the treaty. Although more
than two thirds of the Senate favored some sort of league, they were caught between Wilson and
Lodge, and no treaty was passed. For the first time, the Senate rejected a peace treaty negotiated by
the President. The United States never became a member of the League of Nations. Instead,
Congress passed a joint resolution in 1921 officially recognizing an end to hostilities with Germany
and other Central

A Summary Of Wilsonian Internationalism
Wilsonian Internationalism, also known as Liberal Internationalism, is a foreign policy ideology that
advocates for open communication between nations and solving international disputes using "a
strong faith in the rule of law...and in the ability of dynamic democratic capitalism to spread
prosperity to all" (Lecture A, Week 3). This ideology encouraged and reinforced a bond between
countries to promote peace, while still furthering economic success.
Woodrow Wilson was a strong proponent of justice and open understandings between countries, and
the term Wilsonian Internationalism was coined after this political and economic theory. In a speech
to Congress in 1917 called "War Message", Wilson showcases his ideology after events in WWI
forced him to acknowledge the ever narrowing gap that was America's likelihood of staying out of
the war. In "War Message", Wilson emphasizes that Germany endangers peace and understanding of
the international law "which [should] be respected and observed upon the seas, where no nation had
right of dominion and where lay the free highways of the world" (War Message, pp. 44). He argues
that when Germany sank ships that had no bearing to the war in the least, and breaking international
law, they were crafting a political world where democracy was not the foremost priority. Wilson
used this stance on Germany to propose entering the war on the grounds that threats to democracy to
some, was a threat to democracy of all, stating, "the world must be

Edith Bolling Research Paper
Edith Bolling was born to a family of Virginian Aristocracy in Wytheville in 1872. She was the 7th
child in a family of 11 kids. At the age of 15 she went to study music for a year at Martha
Washington College and a second year at a different smaller school. Edith met a businessman by the
name of Norman Galt in Washington when she was visiting a sister. They were soon married and for
12 years, their childless marriage was content. Mr. Galt died unexpectedly in 1908 and Edith left the
jewelry firm the two had up to a manager that kept the finances up to par. Not long after the death of
her husband, Edith met Woodrow Wilson who had also recently lost his spouse, Ellen. The widower
President Wilson was very fond of Edith and found her intelligent. ... Show more content on
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Edith would sit in on meeting where Woodrow should be and add to the discussions on his behalf.
"As for instructions and orders coming from Wilson, she controlled them as well, sharing with
government officials daily 'edicts' that began, 'The president says...', but were often colored by her
own thinking"(Kauffmann, 2013). This is where Edith was able to add her own perspective and
ideas on important presidential matters and since the delegates she was meeting with assumed the
ideas were those of the Presidents and not just of a woman, they accepted. She decoded messages
and screened calls that were meant for her husband She would then return to Woodrow and fill him
in on the day's events and decisions. She "did not initiate programs or make major decisions, and she
did not try to control the executive branch. She selected matters for her husband's attention and let
everything else go to the heads of departments or remain in abeyance"(Black, 2009). This is how
Edith later on earned the title of First Female President of the United State or the Secret President.
She secretly ran the government and pulled off one of the biggest schemes in U.S history. Not only
did Edith defy the role that was set out for her, she actively participated in official business and
government

The West Between The Wars
The West between the Wars The Great War, or World War I, ended in 1918 with the Treaty of Paris.
It marked the beginning of a new era. During the war, there was a boom in the economy and
employment was easy to find. The damage the war caused on the land in Europe was catastrophic;
with the trenches and heavy artillery and machinery being used to destroy each other and take cities,
it is amazing that there was anything left. Many people, soldiers and civilians, died during the war.
After World War I, many countries gained their independence, and many countries suffered severe
economic debt due to the expensive war reparations. Europe was hit hardest with the aftershock of
the war. Each country was effected differently by the war. After being defeated by the Allies, Austria
was forced to dismember its empire. Austria lost Hungarian and Balkan territories (Slovenia,
Croatia, and Bosnia) to the Allies. Belgium was left in shambles where the Germans tried to invade
into France, it was further damaged after Germany refused to pay war reparations. Germany was
severely weakened after it lost World War I. It lost its overseas territories and is no longer a threat to
the United Kingdom nor the United States because of the limit that was placed on Germany's
military. The economy and morale of Germany was severely declined; it made it easier for the reign
of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to take root in Germany. Hungary is forced to divide into small
states based on ethnic groups.

American Imperialism Research Paper
Kayla Barrett
Survey of American History 2
American Imperialism
21316
American imperialism is the economic, military and cultural influence of the
United States on other countries. In 1889 the prominent Massachusetts
Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge observed that we had relations with foreign nations today fill but
a slight place in American politics, and generally only a languid excite interest." The Americans
gave scant attention to the world affairs after the Civil War. Instead focused their energies on the
domestic concerns associated with industrial development and settling of the western frontier. The
presidents and the Congress steadfastly refused to entangle the nation in foreign crises and
controversies. During 1890s, This period of " ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence yellow journalism was born when two competing New York newspapers fought over the rival
version of this cartoon. A reporter claimed that when Cubans were slaughtered they were fed to dogs
and that children of highranking
Spanish families used ears from the dead Cubans as playthings. Pulitzer's told the American
government to end the fight in Cuba. The present revolution is the successor of other similar
insurrections which occurred in Cuba against the dominion of Spain, Extending over a period of
nearly half a century, which during the progress the United States to great effort and expense in
enforcing its laws and losses to American trade and among our citizens and uncivilized practices of
warfare. The war in cuba is such a nature that a final military victory for either side seems
impracticable. The spirit of all our acts has been an earnest unselfish desire for peace and prosperity
in
Cuba, untarnished by the differences between us and Spain and unstained by the blood of American
citizens. The United States as a neutral to stop the war. We owe it to our citizens in Cuba to afford
them the protection

Should The United States Have Joined The League Of Nations...
The United states should not have joined the league of nations in 1919. The United States shouldn't
have joined the league of nations because we would be supplying the troops and food a lot and not
getting anything out of it, and we were in no danger of an attack. The U.S has oceans between them
and the countries they are against, so they are in no fear of being attacked. This means that if any
other country were attacked, the US would have to send troops, food, and supplies. This is bad
because we are in no fear of being attacked so we would have to send troops and supplies without
getting anything out of it. World War one was a European war, The United States didn't need to get
involved, we lost 115,000 soldiers in World War one and if

League Of Nations Dbq Analysis
At the ending of World War 1, there was the Treaty of Versailles that was followed by The League of
Nations. The League of Nations called for providing a place for countries to meet, settle disputes
peacefully, and punish any nation that broke the peace. The League of Nations was mainly favored
by Woodrow Wilson. Since Wilson always wanted peace for the United States and no war, he
favored this organization. Many senators opposed this idea. Henry Cabot Lodge was the senate of
Massachusetts. Lodge opposed the idea of the League of Nations. Henry Cabot Lodge and Woodrow
Wilson both made speeches on their opinions about the League of Nations.Woodrow Wilson's
speech focused on the positive qualities of the organization (Document A.) He spoke about

Nixon Wealth Analysis
The Nixon shock, the end of Bretton Woods The rapid industrialization during the late nineteenth
century imposed a greater need for countries to expand their economy via global commerce.
Moreover, in the United States, the harsh economic realities of the Panic of 1893 encouraged
Americans to look for new conduits to stabilize the economy beyond its borders. Consequently,
leaders and thinkers in a country rich with isolationist traditions of avoiding permanent or
entangling alliance embraced sympathetic views toward engagement in global commerce. To
illustrate, McKnight Nichols presented a diverse group of isolationist figures, Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge, a noted philosopher and psychologist William James, a progressive writer Randolph Bourne,
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Further assumed that the export and import of goods and services between country A and country B
perfectly offset one another. The balance of payments accounts of country A and B in theory would
be zero. Otherwise, when exports are greater than imports, balance of payments would be in a
deficit. In contrast, when exports are less than imports, balance of payments would be in a surplus.
As more countries entered global commerce, determining the balance of payments required, netting
of all the transactions of goods and services in respective currencies involved. Consequently, a
fluctuation in relative currency strength could alter a country's the balance of payments. Conversely,
a country's balance of payments surplus or deficit could strengthen or weaken its currency relative to
others. Hence, stable global monetary system was essential for a stable global commerce.
Accordingly many countries adopted the gold standard. Under the gold standard, a currency derived
its value from gold. The gold standard provided an automatic rebalancing mechanism for trade
imbalances. For instance, when gold reserve is used to settle a deficit balance of payment, it
triggered a reduction in money supply, causing interest rate to rise, shrinking the economy and
ultimately reducing consumption. The reduced consumption eventually returned the balance of
payment to equilibrium. In contrast to a deficit, a surplus balance of payment led to the price
inflation, making export less competitive, thereby correcting the surplus and returned the balance of
payment to equilibrium. The gold standard, thus was an efficient system to manage the balance of
payment accounts. Nevertheless, the one drawback of the gold standard was the scarcity of gold
itself. Thus, consequence of limited gold supply was limited money supply which can lead to high
interest rates impeding economic growth, a deflationary

Versailles Treaty Dbq
On October 2, 1919, at the White House in Washington, D.C., United States President Woodrow
Wilson suffered a massive stroke that left him partially paralyzed on the left half of his body. Wilson
had poured all his strength into a last–ditch effort to win public support for the Versailles treaty and
its vision of international cooperation through a league of nations after World War 1. After the senate
foreign relations committee began it debate on the treaty, Wilson took the unprecedented step of
appearing before the committee to argue for ratification, making it clear he would accept no changes
to the treaty. While the committee– headed by Wilsons nemesis republican senator Henry Cabot
Lodge–voted on many amendments to the treaty, while ignoring

What Are The Benefits Of The Treaty Of Versailles
The Versailles succeeded in accomplishing some of Wilson's goals. In fact, it established the League
of Nations, the body critical to his vision of a new international order (Foner 761). In addition to
this, it applied the principle of self–determination to eastern Europe and reconstructed the map of
that region. Starting with the ruins of the Astro–Hungarian empire as well as parts of Germany and
czarist Russia, new European nations formed as a result of the War–Finland, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Yugoslavia (Foner 761).
Moreover, in spite of Wilson's oath of peace without territorial gains or retribution, the Versailles
Treaty was a jarring document that all but promised future conflict in Europe.

Theodore Roosevelt 's Study Of The War Of 1812
Background
Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 and died on January 6, 1919. He was the son of
Theodore Roosevelt Senior, and Martha Stewart Bulloch, and was fortunate enough to attend
Harvard University and Colombia Law School. He accomplished a lot of things in his life which led
to him having a successful career in whatever he pursued. He was a politician, author naturalist,
soldier, explorer, and historian who happened to become the 26th president of the United States of
America.
Roosevelt as a Naval Officer
Roosevelt started off by writing a book while still at Harvard about the Naval War of 1812 and how
the US Navy played a huge role. In this book he illustrated different strategies that could've been
used ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With John D. Long sick, the current secretary of navy, Roosevelt was able to test some of his
theories out while he prepared for war with Spain, which led to a naval dominance by the Americas.
New York City's Police Commissioner It all began by Roosevelt declining to run for Mayor of New
York in 1894. By 1895 Roosevelt became president of the board of New York City Police
Commissioners for two years and started to change the police force. As he took the president spot,
the New York Police Department was known for being the most corrupt in America at the time.
Roosevelt would have regular inspections of the police department and would pick new rookies
based on their physical and mental statues. Roosevelt being the smart man that he was, would make
a habit of walking through officers territories at night and in the morning to make sure they were
doing their jobs and weren't slacking. With the breaking apart of the board of commissioners, time
would tell that Roosevelt would later replace the whole Police Commissioners with a single Police
Commissioner.
Theodore Roosevelt as Vice–President
Roosevelt originally wanted a second term as governor or to be in the cabinet of the War
Department, his closest friend Henry Cabot Lodge saw that this was a dead end and encouraged him
to try and become a vice president. McKinley refused to make Roosevelt the secretary of war but
didn't have a problem to allow him to become a Vice President. Roosevelt as Vice President was

Henry Cabot Lodge Dbq
Henry Cabot Lodge's speech (Document B) expresses a more similar message to the political
cartoon (Document C) because both sources oppose the League of Nations. The League of Nations
was introduced in the Treaty of Versailles. This League provided a place for countries to meet, settle
disputes peacefully, and punish any nation that broke the peace. At the time the league was
introduced, there started to be a heated debate to weather the United States should be involved.
Henry Cabot Lodge's speech (Document B) has a similar message to the political cartoon because
both of these sources prove that the League of NAtions is harmful or has a negative effect to the
United States.
In Henry Cabot Lodge's speech, (Document B) presented on August 12, 1919, he emphasizes the
idea that the League of Nation will be a bad thing for the United States. In his speech, he states "The
United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interest and quarrel of other
nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good and
endanger her very existence. Leave her to march freely through the centuries to come as in the years
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This illustration explains that the United States joining the League of Nations would be a bad move
where it will be pulled in different directions where the United States cannot make its own
decisions. This illustration will be showing that the United States is in this mess, that is the League
of Nations, and that it needs to get out of the mess. This is how the political cartoon (Document C)
is related to Henry Cabot Lodge's speech (Document B) because both of these sources oppose the
League of Nations and these sources prove that the League will be harmful to the United

The Failure Of The Treaty Of Versailles
The failure of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States Senate was due to both the opposition of
the treaty in liberal and conservative forces, as well as Woodrow Wilson's stubbornness and
incompetence when deciding the final version of the treaty with imperialism, German restrictions,
and the League of Nations. As World War I began with the assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, igniting a conflict between Serbia and Austria–Hungary that snowballed into a war with
Great Britain, France, and Russia against Germany, Austria–Hungary and Italy. When the war was
over, the Treaty of Versailles needed to be discussed between the Great Britain, France, Italy, and the
United States. The European demands from the war were fueled by revenge, and their imperialism
countered Wilson's apparent morality. Although isolationists and Republicans desired to influence
the treaty, Wilson had accepted the European demands, and even after altering the treaty for
European gain, he disallowed the treaty from passing twice in the Senate after Henry Cabot Lodge
added reservations. Wilson's influence on the Senate and the Treaty of Versailles led to its defeat in
the United States and ultimately the US absence in the League of Nations. The opposition of the
Treaty of Versailles rose when the European nations contradicted America's values of isolationism
and moral idealism, with various groups in the United States questioning the treaty and its lenience
of European imperialism. Beginning

The Quest For Empire Chapter 1 Summary
Between 1870–1900, the European scramble for empire sparked a new attitude for Americas view
on the expansion. The United States sought to influence and control other parts of the world in order
to protect its national interests. The fear of the country being closed out in the struggle for global
markets and raw materials and profits from foreign sales motivated the American quest for global
influence. "Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, claiming that the "great
nations" were seizing "the waste areas of the world", advised that "the United States must not fall
out of the line of march" because "civilization and the advancement of the [Anglo–Saxon] race"
were at stake" (Norton, Mary Beth. Chapter 19: The Quest for Empire ... Show more content on
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"Imperial control could be imposed either formally (by military occupation, annexation, or
colonialism) or informally (by economic domination, political manipulation, or the threat of
intervention)" (Norton, Mary Beth. Chapter 19: The Quest for Empire 1865–1914. In A People & A
Nation, p. 578). From the Civil War until the 1890s, a majority of Americans had little interest in
territorial expansion and America was focused on its internal expansion and took only a small role in
world affairs. After the Civil War, most federal decision makers believed that the role of the Navy
was to protect the American coasts and congress spent little money on expanding the Navy. It wasn't
until 1889 did Congress approve expenditures to modernize and significantly expand the Navy.
"Often named for states and cities to kindle patriotism and local support for naval expansion, New
Navy ships, such as the Maine, Oregon, and Boston, thrust the United States into naval prominence,
especially during crises in the 1890s" (Norton, Mary

America In The Early 20th Century
During the early 1900's the United States was already familiar with sending their troops overseas to
claim new territory. America has never been afraid to show authority and invade land, it's a tactic the
United States government has perfected over the past 120 years. When the U.S. sees other nations
becoming empires they want to join in on the action. Any government that takes overseas possession
has an obligation to the people but it doesn't always go as planned. When a country gains power and
becomes a world superpower no one can stop them from conquering territory. History as we know it
would all change on February 20, 1896 when Senator Henry Cabot Lodge called for the United
States to intervene in a rebellion happening in Cuba. This brought up a lot of controversy on what
we should do as a country. One side argued that it was necessary for the U.S. as a nation to show off
the nation's military and end the war that was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. had the responsibility of supporting Puerto Rico and their citizens. America agreed to rule
the island as a territory, much like Samoa or the Philippines for that matter. The Foraker Act of 1900
established that Puerto Rico's governor and their upper house of legislature was to be appointed by
the United States. The Puerto Ricans were only allowed to elect a lower house of legislature.
Americans infringed on their rights without the approval of the citizens of Puerto Rico who did not
have the right to simply vote on the matter. The dependence Puerto Rico has had on the U.S. would
later become their downfall. It wasn't until the transition to commonwealth in the late 1940's that
laws would change. Even today the vast majority of their citizens have voted for their independence
from the U.S. because of their lack of support. The people of Puerto Rico have been hoping to
prevail and claim their independence since the year

Analyzing President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
On January 8th, 1918, only a year after the US entered World War I, President Woodrow Wilson
publicized his Fourteen Points to try to guarantee permanent peace and to make the world a safer
place for democracy. The countries of the world would neutralize themselves, abandon their colonial
claims, remove tariff barriers, and take part in open and true diplomacy. Lastly, a league of
peaceable nations would guarantee that the fair requirements of this Treaty would be enforced by
pledging themselves to defend one another from outside attacks by any aggressive country.
Wilson's fourteen points included freedom of the seas, free trade, and, most important, an
international group devoted to united safety and the dispersion of equality. (Avalon Project –
President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points n.d.) As America quickly trained new troops to aid in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These Wilson alleged included secret treaties, the infringement of freedom of the seas, the presence
of tariffs and other exchange barriers, arms races, and challenge for settlements. Thus led him to
want to end secret treaties, secure the right of freedom of the seas, eradicate all exchange barriers,
begin universal demobilization, and make a fair modification of all settlement entitlements. Points
six through thirteen would help conform national limits in Europe to permit all significant ethnic
groups their very own nation free of outside law. So Germany would leave Belgium, Russia and
Alsace–Lorraine. Every single significant ethic group in Europe would get their own nations and
understand their long waited dreams for overseeing themselves. Point fourteen guides the form of
the League of Nations. This general affiliation would keep the peace and ensure the freedom and
domain of its individuals. Each part of its nations would promise to secure any individual from the
League that went under violence. (Avalon Project – President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points

Wilson's Ineptitude Stubbornness 1991 Dbq Ap History Essay
President Wilson's own ineptitude and stubbornness is what led to the Senate's defeat of the Treaty
of Versailles, rather than the strength of the opposing forces. Even Wilson's closest and most trusted
advisors could not sway his stance. Wilson was strong in his stance and incorporated the idea of the
14 points. While it is true that opposing forces contributed to defeat the treaty, it was Wilson's
unmovable position that led to its ultimate defeat in the Senate. There was much opposition to the
Treaty in the United States, as well as the rest of the world. In the excerpt from "The New
Republic," it proves the public's general disdain for the Treaty. Whether they had hoped for the
treaty to be more lenient on Germany, or more severe, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the political cartoon, with Wilson jumping out of the window is just another example of how
Wilson had to have his way, which is why he didn't succeed; he couldn't make enough people agree.
One example of this is in Wilson's speech on September 5, 1919, where he says "If it should every in
anyway important respect be impaired I would feel like asking the Secretary of War to get the boys
who went across the water to fight And I would stand up and say you are betrayed." This is just
another of example of how Wilson will not accept anyway, but his, but he was not the one with the
most power. It is true that Henry Cabot Lodge and the Republican majority in the Senate were a
force in the defeat of the treaty. By holding off the vote and making his own changes to the treaty,
Lodge knew that he was using Wilson's hatred to his advantage. Wilson would have accepted the
changes if they had been proposed by one of his fellow Democrats, but the fact that they had been
written by Lodge made Wilson see red. He immediately ordered Democrats to vote entirely against
the treaty with the added Lodge votes. The only possible path to ratification would be to accept the
treaty with the new changes. Wilson chose to block the passing of the treaty by persuading
Democrats to vote against it. Unfortunately, Wilson had a stroke, and his last efforts in getting the
vote to go his way

How Did The Senate Defeat Of The Treaty Of Versailles Dbq
The statement is invalid because although the strength of the opposition forces, both liberal and
conservative, were a factor in the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles, it was ultimately
President Wilson's ineptitude and stubbornness that led to its defeat. This is because the Senate was
split on the decision, and one group of Senators were willing to agree if some amendments were
made to the Treaty. However, President Wilson was not willing to compromise on the League of
Nations, the most controversial point of the Treaty. The debate in congress was President Wilson
against the Reservationists in the Senate more than one group in the Senate against another.
President Wilson was a liberal, meaning he favored progressive change, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Senate which the liberal democratic President Wilson had to persuade to sign the Treaty of
Versailles was comprised mostly of conservative republicans. There were two groups in the Senate
that were on opposite sides of the issue, the liberal Internationalists, who agreed with Wilson, and
the isolationist Irreconcilables, led by William Borah, who were adamantly against the Treaty the
way it was. There was also a third group, the Reservationists, led by the conservative Henry Cabot
Lodge; who were willing to ratify the Treaty so long as some adjustments were made. None of these
groups held the majority of votes (over 50%); however, the Reservationists would determine the fate
of the Treaty depending on whether the President was willing to compromise on some issues within
the Treaty. They believed that the issues with the Treaty was that the League of Nations would drag
the United States into foreign entanglements, and that the people of the Country didn't fully support
the treaty (Document E). They believed the League would jeopardize the country's independence in
world affairs, that collective security was unlikely to work, and that while it may be worthwhile for
the United States to be involved to help prevent major wars, it

Summary Of Henry Cabot Lodge's Speech Compared To The...
Lodge's Speech Compared to the Cartoon Lodge's speech expresses a more similar message to the
political cartoon. Henry Cabot Lodge was against the League of Nations, unlike Woodrow Wilson
who supported it. Lodge thought that if we became a peace country then you will endanger its
existence. Wilson thought that if we joined the League of Nations that it would prevent future wars.
Henry Cabot Lodge's speech shares a similar message to the political cartoon because both
documents show that the League of Nations is bad for the United States. Henry Cabot Lodge's
speech sends a similar message to the political cartoon. Both documents were against the League of
Nations. For example, in paragraph three of Lodge's speech it states, "The United States

What Were The Consequences Of Ww2
From 1914 to 1918, the world was overshadowed by a horrific war–World War 1. The Treaty of
Versailles ended World War 1 with the hopes of no more wars in the future, however nobody
expected it to be to foundation of the next catastrophe in Europe–World War 2.
World War One that lasted from 1914–1918 was one of the most horrific wars in history. Europe
was devastated and covered in a veil of anger and bitterness. Millions of people died or were
wounded. Many cities in Europe were completely destroyed, infrastructure was down, and people
who were not killed by war or by the Spanish flu were starving to death. Europe was not able to
function normally. Especially the part of Europe in the north–east was just a pile of rubble. Finally
in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
German delegates were not allowed to be part of the negotiations so was Russia but could voice her
opinion. The treaty mandated that Germany was responsible for financial reparations and completely
reduces its army and all production of military weapons. Land was to be redistributed. Kaiser
Wilhelm was to be tried by an international court. The goal was to establish world trade and world
peace and punish the Germans for all the destruction they caused.
President Wilson was mostly interested in establishing peace and built a working world trade
network. He tried to avoid a too aggressive punishment for German and did not believe in blaming a
country for starting this war. Therefore he presented his fourteen points: President Wilson wanted to
eliminate secret treaties, remove all trade barriers and guarantee freedom of the oceans. All countries
were to reduce their armed forces to the lowest level. One important key of his fourteen points was
that all ethnic groups in Europe would receive their own country without any interference from
foreigners; he wanted self–determination for all people in Europe. German troops should evacuate
Belgium, Austria–Hungary and Poland must become independent countries. A League of Nations
was to be established to protect peace and independence of their member countries. Britain's Prime
Minister David Lloyd George had different ideas. First of all he wanted to protect his public image
for any future

The Reform Of Progressive Era Brought
Not everyone welcomed the reforms that Progressive era brought. As people who believed in
Constitution of United States is the best political charter yet created by mankind, "conserve" it and
handed it down to the next generation as it is the best practice to guarantee the free exercise of the
inherent rights of individual through strictly limiting the power of the government, Elihu Root,
William Howard Taft and Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr., leading members of the Republican Party, faced
challenging time during the Progressive era. They strove to "conserve" the core principles of the
American constitutionalism from reformist of Progressivism. As people trust that our (Americans)
liberties can remain secure only if government is so limited that it cannot infringe upon inherent
rights, they resisted the Progressive ambitions for direct, unrestrained democracy and the resulting
the attacks on the courts, representative government, and the traditional limits of the presidency.
Three men, mentioned above, understood and accepted the necessity of Progressive reforms, and
new Amendments, although many people saw them as a big boulder blocking their way to
Progressive. In fact, they didn't try to The Sixteenth Amendment had widespread support, and they
gave it theirs in part to end the bitter disputes about tariff schedules that had long divided the
Republican Party. It is also worth noting that the first income tax passed under the Sixteenth
Amendment had a top rate of 7 percent and

Comparing and Contrasting the American and French Revolutions
The American Revolution began for two reasons: political and economic, while the French
Revolution began with domination and mismanagement that contributed to the French society.
During the Revolution many events occurred having a major effect, such as the sugar act, currency
act, and the Townshend act. The French began the Tennis Court Oath, the Storming of the Bastille,
and the overthrown of Monarchy. The French Revolution followed in suit with the American
Revolution, because the French were in favor for what the American Revolution was fighting for.
Some things are worth fighting for "The battle, Sir, is not to the strong alone, it is to the vigilant, the
active, the brave. Besides, Sir, we have no election. If we were base ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The major events that occurred during the revolutionary wars in French and America facilitated in
the transformation of both worlds. The American Revolution encountered many events, such as, the
Boston Massacre, the Paul Revere's Ride, and Battles at Lexington Concord, the Declaration of
Independence, and the publishing of Common Sense. These events changed America, especially the
Declaration of Independence, because it provided the freedom of speech, and it also gave the people
their rights back to do as they please but under a govern law. The French Revolution impacted the
inequality among social classes, the unfair tax system, as well as the enlightenment ideas. The
events of the French Revolution were the Tennis Court Oath, June 20, 1789, Storming of the
Bastille, July 14, 1789, and the Overthrow of the Monarchy. In addition to these events the
Industrial Revolution (1820–1870) came about using a standardized law in government. This first
began in Great Britain and was the center of the United States and Germany. As a result, the
machines for weaving and spinning operated by water power were then improved by steam, which
became more efficient (Unknown n.d.). The American Revolution inspired the French revolution,
because the Americans fought for freedom, individual rights, privacy, and taxation. As a result, the
French looked upon the American Revolution as a victory, and for that reason, they in turn fought
the French Revolution which gained

American Imperialism
At the time of American Imperialism, the world was also having their own kinds of Imperialism.
European powers were taking spheres of influence in China. American policy changed between
Presidents on issues like this. Three important Presidents during this Imperialism era are Theodore
Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Each of these Presidents supported different
kinds of diplomacies. American Foreign Policy was affected by the three major diplomacies, but the
Big Stick Diplomacy had the biggest effect of Foreign Policy. Big Stick Diplomacy was based on
the African proverb "speak softly and carry a big stick". This diplomacy meant that its interests was
for the defense of the country. Theodore Roosevelt was the man who implemented this ideology into
American Foreign Policy. This diplomacy had the biggest effect on Foreign Policy as it encouraged
Imperialism for the defense of the country. This diplomacy called for the creation of a strong navy to
be a world power. TR made this navy in the form of the Great White Fleet. The Great White Fleet
toured around the world and showed the United States' naval power to discourage war or acts of
aggression against the U.S. This diplomacy was also a deciding factor in the creation of the Panama
Canal. The Panama Canal would help the defense of the country by allowing a much quicker
response of the navy across the oceans and the gave the U.S. power over trade going through the
canal. The Panama Canal needed to be built

The Pros And Cons Of Immigration In America
There always has to be a restriction on immigration as the U.S can't handle millions of immigrants
that are either crime–ridden, diseased, or just poverty–stricken people but are sure to let in
immigrants who are seeking opportunity. During the 18–19 centuries, immigrants from around the
world wanted to come to America as it was the land of opportunity. Presidents like Woodrow Wilson
set the bar for immigration as he was a supporter of restriction but not selection. The U.S does not
need these type of people in the country as they give no benefit to the U.S. Of course not every
immigrant is crime ridden or diseased but that's why the U.S made special tests which can sift out
the unacceptable immigrants who will have a negative effect on the U.S and bring in the acceptable
immigrants who could enhance the U.S. As Woodrow Wilson once said, " we have generously kept
our doors open to all who were not unfitted by reason of disease or incapacity for self–support or
such personal records and antecedents as were likely to make them a menace to our peace and order
or to the wholesome and essential relationships of life."(Wilson Doc B). As many others wanted to
pass a bill for immigrants to take a test of their education but President Wilson rejected the bill as it
was unfair to the immigrants as some mainly come to the U.S for education. There still must be tests
that not select certain immigrants but restrict immigrants who are unfit to come into this country.
There's a difference

Assimilation And Identity Case Study
1. How does each document address the issue of assimilation and identity? i. Nathan Glazer and
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, on the Nonexistent "American", using the example of ethnic labels may
disappear in our society but have not due to group identity. After 2 generations of being in America,
it is true that their language and customs had changed due to the influence of American culture, but
the group identity had not disappeared to reflect just being American. The groups are different, and
the impact of assimilating trends affected the groups in different ways depending on their country of
origin due to cultural differences. Color is still a defining way to look at any one group's identity in
America. ii. Henry Cabot Lodge, "The Restriction

The United States Vs. The Treaty Of Versailles
"The United States vs. the Treaty of Versailles"
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers signed on
June 28, 1919. The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War 1. However, since the conditions
in the treaty were so punitive towards Germany many believe that it was also partly responsible for
starting World War 2. Before the treaty was signed President Woodrow Wilson and his opponent in
congress, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge debated over the membership in the League of Nations and
about the mortality of the treaty. Many debated that the United States should have signed the Treaty
of Versailles and joined the League of Nations while others oppose both the treaty and the alliance. I
believe that the United States did the right thing by rejecting the Treaty of Versailles, and avoiding
the entangling commitments overseas which the alliance would have brought upon us.
Correspondingly, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge also held an anti–Versailles position. Senator Lodge
viewed the treaty as "suspicious" and stated more than once that a matter this important should not
be rushed. "My one desire is that not only the Senate, which is charged with responsibility, but that
the press and the people of the country should investigate every proposal with the utmost
thoroughness and weigh them all carefully before they make up their minds"(Document 1). Lodge
acknowledges that treaties are long and serious documents pertaining to the nation and

Compare And Contrast The Treaty Of Versailles And The...
The League of Nations, and The Paris Peace Conference and The Treaty of Versailles had many
comparisons and contrasts. In addition, The League of Nations, and The Treaty of Versailles were
both made after World War I to be sure that another war would not happen in the future; both of
these solutions were mobilized when our world was oppressed, but many believe that both of them
have similarities and differences. To, conclude, both bureaucracies (The League of Nations, and The
Paris Peace Conference and The Treaty of Versailles) had similar details; the countries involved, the
leaders involved, but they had the same reasons for making agreements for peace. In addition, both
had different details; the countries that were and were not involved, the other leaders involved, and
the way they made the contracts.
To begin, The League of Nations, and The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles were
equivalent in copious procedures. First of all, approximately two of the countries that participated in
the solutions to end wars incorporated Italy and France. Similar leaders, however, included
President, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such as, what they both accurately mean; meaning, The League of Nations is a league, and The
Paris Peace... is a treaty. A league is a diminutive group of people working together to benefit a
cause or charity, but a treaty is an agreement including different countries that has rules of the
mutual relationship; most times the rules were ingenious. Equally important, both of the treaty and
the league involved different countries; all except for two were the same which makes a big
discrepancy because of all the countries that were involved. Similarly, they(The League of Nations
and The Paris Peace...)both have, except for two, different world leaders that participated in the
events. There are multiple other differences, and similarities, but might just be the most

Dbq Imperialism
Although expansionism around the year 1900 shared some similar motivation with that of earlier
decades, it was to a greater degree the result of new economic and political pursuits. Past expansion
had involved annexing adjacent territory contiguous with the existing states that enabled the spread
of American settlement; it was utilized for the spread of agriculture and the American population,
and all acquired territory was intended to ultimately become states. Contrastingly, new territory in
the age of imperialism was acquired with the economic intent of use as a colony: a provider of raw
materials and markets for the products of industrialism. By denying citizenship to the inhabitants of
the territory of the Philippines in the Insular Case

President Theodore Roosevelt Proclamation and First...
President Theodore Roosevelt
Proclamation and First Inaugural Address: The Use of Ethos and Pathos
Lisa Weber
ENG 530.020
Dr.Mollick
December 5, 2012
Inaugural addresses usually follow a farewell address given by the outgoing President. In the book
Presidents Creating Presidency: Deeds Done in Words, Campbell and Jamieson's chapter on
"Farewell Addresses" explain that "[a] farewell address is an anticipatory ritual; the address is
delivered days, sometimes weeks, before an outgoing president "lays down" the office, an event that
does not occur until a successor is sworn in" (308). This was not the case for Theodore Roosevelt
for there was no pending farewell speeches planned. Vice–President Roosevelt became president
after ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the biographical material that Podell and Anzovin have compiled they inform the reader that
Roosevelt was once a Sunday school teacher and saw the political platform as a "bully pulpit" (356).
They also express that Roosevelt's tendency in speaking and writing resembles that of a Protestant
preacher, as he stresses the importance of walking "towards the paths of righteousness and virtue"
(356). Many people did not like the manner to which Roosevelt would present his speeches because
he would be seen as being very loud in volume. While walking back and forth he can be seen
waving his speech around like a maniac man screeching his voice in tones that were unbearable to
some listening. Podell and Anzovin describes William Roscoe Thayer observations to the manner of
which Roosevelt dramatized his speeches; that some of the "listeners were fascinated by "his
gestures, the way in which his pent–up thoughts seemed almost to strangle him before he could utter
them, his smile showing the white rows of teeth, his fist clenched to strike an invisible adversary"
(356). Theodore Roosevelt loved the attention and enjoyed the art of oratory for he looked for many
opportunities to speak in public, especially on issues that he was passionate about. For Roosevelt,
speechmaking was a means

Who Was Jfk A Good President
One of the nation's youngest presidents to be inaugurated, John F Kennedy was born on May 29th,
1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He is the second son of nine children to Irish Catholic
immigrants, Joseph and Rose Kennedy. His father Joseph was an ambitious millionaire who served
under Roosevelt as Director of Security and Exchange and U.S ambassador in Britain, which helped
fortify the Kennedys influence in politics. Growing up, John F. Kennedy's poor health never
prevented him from exceling in academics. He went to Chaote for high school and then attended
Princeton University before he fell ill and then transferred to Harvard. He would graduate with a
degree in International Affairs. His senior thesis inspired his novel, Why London Slept and
continued writing other books like Profiles of Courage and a Nation of Immigrants. Despite his
heath conditions, he joined the Navy in WWII as a PT boat commander and received many awards
for his service and bravery (Deahl).
When he came back home from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson under the Democratic Party against Republican nominee Richard Nixon and his running
mate Henry Lodge Cabot Jr. Throughout the campaign, Kennedy wanted to take the country into a
"New Frontier" where America could progress beyond what the two presidents before him
accomplished and find better methods on how to deal with issues (Deahl). Despite Kennedy's high
calcifications and vast experience, he was Catholic and many voters feared he might be under the
Pope's influence. Nonetheless, he proved himself to the American people when both candidates
debated live on television, one of the first debates live in American history. While Kennedy
appeared immaculate and confident, Nixon showed fatigue and stress which helped Kennedy as
voters saw him more fit for presidency (Hamilton). For the electoral vote, won with 303 votes
compared to Nixon's 219 electoral votes and Byrd only 15 electoral votes

How Does Henry Cabot Lodge Support The League Of Nations
The League of Nations is associated with the Treaty of Versailles which ended World War I when it
was signed at the Paris Peace conference in 1919. President Woodrow Wilson wanted to create an
organization of peaceful nations. Massachusetts Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wrote the
speech given in August 1919 opposing Wilson's League of Nations. He believed that the only
country we owed a debt to was France.
Lodge felt that we provided help during the war against Germany in many ways. We sent over
American soldiers and provided billions in order to help with the war and we did not ask for
anything in return. Lodge felt that the Treaty allowed our European allies to make decisions that
could affect the strength of our country making us

Domestic Developments And American Identity
How did domestic & international developments impact the American identity in the first half of the
20th Century? 89534 In the early 20th century, domestic and international developments affected the
American identity. Events like Women's suffrage, Industrialization, Manifest Destiny, and many
more have led to America having the identity of advancing economically as well as progressing
equality. We have advanced economically through these events by expanding land and adding more
abilities to get resources. We have progressed equality through adding Civil rights for African
Americans and women gaining more rights. Domestic and international developments have affected
the American identity making us advance economically in many ways. One of

League Of Nations And The Treaty Of Versailles
The League of Nations, and the Treaty of Versailles were both made after World War I to be sure
that another war would not happen in the future. Both resolutions were mobilized when the world
was oppressed, but both historical events had many details that made up the organizations. When
analyzing the League of Nations, and the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles one
can note various comparisons, and contrasts; such as, all the countries and leaders involved, and the
way the resolutions were created. To begin, The League of Nations, and The Paris Peace Conference
and the Treaty of Versailles were equivalent in copious procedures. The two resolutions incorporated
a multitudinous amount of differences between the two, essentially

Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was created with the intent of preventing another war. The Allied powers
met at Versailles to discuss the treaty without inviting the Central Powers. Although the opposition
forces, both liberal and conservative reduced the possibilities of the treaty being passed, The Treaty
of Versailles' defeat was mainly because of Wilson's quickly changed opinion on reparations,
disapproval of senators, and his intransigence towards the treaty.
In the beginning Wilson opposed demanding compensation from the Central Powers, then the Allied
leaders convinced Wilson to put reparations on Germany. The reparations set upon Germany was
$56 billion, however in the end they only paid $9 billion which was more than Germany could
afford. John Maynard Keynes said that the treaty should not deprive Germany of all its belongings,
Germany is still made up of human beings and they should not be treated this harshly (Document F).
In the beginning Wilson was on the same boat as Keynes, however Wilson was nervous that the
allied powers would not be on the same side unless they also benefitted from the treaty so he added
reparations. Wilson's ineptitude led to quick decisions which helped defeat the Treaty of Versailles.
Leader of the Irreconcilables, William E. Borah was not in favor of the treaty because he believed
that the treaty encourages even more violence (Document A). Wilson hated the senators, but the one
senator he hated the most was Henry Cabot Lodge. Henry Cabot Lodge

Woodrow Wilson vs the Senate Essay
woodrow wilson vs the senate "The Only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to
do nothing"
They say time is a great teacher. How true. History has taught us that peace must be kept at all costs.
At the end of World War 1, the common goal between the victorious nations throughout the world
was to declare peace. The leading statesmen of these triumphant nations met in Paris to draw up the
Treaty of Versailles, which would decide the fate of the central powers. Woodrow Wilson, the
American President, created fourteen points as the basis for peace negotiations. Among these
fourteen points was the most controversial and yet the most important to President Wilson, the
League of Nations.
President Wilson developed its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wilson made many mistakes that the senate would use against him. When Wilson left for Europe on
board the "George Washington" , he brought with him a peace commission. This peace commission
consisted of Colonel House, Robert Lansing, General Tasker H. Bliss, and only one Republican,
Henry D. White. The Republicans resented Wilson for only bringing one member of their party to
represent them. However, Wilson had a "distrust of coalitions in politics." The Republicans also felt
that White "was not the representative which the Republican Party would themselves had chosen."
Wilson felt that by limiting his opposition in Europe he would have a better chance of attaining
peace. However, this choice was the beginning of the opposition Wilson faced from his own country
during the peace talks.
Wilson believed he had the support of his own people when he left for Europe. Ironically, Wilson
also believed that, "The men, whom we are about to deal with, do not represent their own people."
Yet, it was Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of England, who had just finished an election that
would send him to Paris with a very popular mandate. Georges Clemenceau, the leader of France,
had also just finished an election in which he won a vote of confidence four to one. However, in
November, in the midterm elections, it was shown to the world that America did not support their
leader. The election in 1918 resulted in a clear Republican majority for the Senate and

The Pros And Cons Of The League Of Nations

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