A quick refresher in Land Surveying. Introduction to Total Station & its capabilities. Targeted to those Civil Engineers who may not do survey themselves, but are required to get one done from a professional surveyor.
2. It is Only As Good As Person Using It.
So …..
How Good Are We? OR Can We Be?
3. Mapping was present from historic times.
Scientific mapping came of age in early 19th
century
Scientific Mapping of Indian Subcontinent Started early 19th
Century.
Initial purpose of the survey was purely scientific, To Measure
Earths Curvature.
Later scope was extended to detail mapping of entire
subcontinent.
4. Instruments could measure angles with higher
accuracy.
Use of Glass Lenses provided magnification,
enabling longer sights.
Standardisation of distance measuring units
and measurement tools.
5. Determine Position of an Object on Map.
Compile Position Data of Number of Objects & Prepare a Map.
Determine Elevation of Ground Surface and Manmade
Structure.
Determine Distance, Areas, Volumes.
Determine Depth of Water, Height of Mountain, Width of Rivers.
Check Height, Dimensions of Structures vis-à-vis Design.
Layout Structure Alignment as per Design.
AND Anything Else Surveyor Can Achieve with His Survey
Instrument.
6. Measure Distance (Almost Always) in Straight Line, Shortest
Between Two Points.
Measure Horizontal Angle Either, Absolute Value or Graphically.
Measure Vertical Angle.
Measure Height From A Datum.
Use Any One or Any Combination of Above Steps to Locate a
Point
7. Metric Chain
Magnetic Compass
Theodolite
Dumpy Level
Plane Table
Leveling Staff
Measuring tape
First Theodolite Used by Survey Of
India, Weight @ 500kg.
8. Measuring tape
Laser Distance Meter
Total Station
Laser Level
GPS
DGPS
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19. Topographic Measurement i.e measure co-
ordinate, elevation, point code
Setting Out of Buildings, Roads, Buildings
Offsets- Mark line parallel to given line.
Intersection of Two Lines
Extend Given Line
Transform Co-ordinates
Calculate Distance, Area, Volume
Divide Area
21. What is The Purpose of Survey?
Is The End Result Expected Clear Enough?
Is it Achievable by Instruments At Hand?
in Given Site Conditions,
Available Data is Sufficient?
Communicate with Surveyor your purpose & requirement from
Survey.
Discuss with him site conditions.
Understand How Surveyor is going to achieve the required goal.
Try to collect Old Survey Maps, Drawings & share with surveyor.
Ensure Surveyor is thinking in same plane as you.
22. Ensure,
Surveyor has understood the scope
He has necessary drawings & data
He is collecting data, giving points to meet your
requirements.
Once you have ensured this,
PLEASE leave the work to surveyor, over
supervision is irritating & actually a distraction.
Avoid unnecessary crowding around instrument
Remember Tripod is HOLY, mind your FEET.