The earliest Greek civilizations thrived nearly 4,000 years ago in Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The Ancient Greek empire spread across Europe as far as France between 2000 BC and 146 BC. Ancient Greeks believed in gods and goddesses that each protected or helped with something different. Athens was known for its democracy while Sparta had strict laws and trained both boys and girls to be soldiers to produce fit offspring. Though initially outnumbered, Athens used clever tactics to defeat the much larger Persian army at the Battle of Marathon with far fewer casualties.