Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Connecticut, Rhode Island

1. NewNew
EnglandEngland
ColoniesColonies

2. The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims
Church of England (Anglican Church) est.
by King Henry VIII in 1530s
Pilgrims believed it was necessary to
separate from the Church of England
(Separatists)
◦ Forced to belong to Church at the time
◦ Moved to Holland, 1608; but some decided to
move again

3. The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims
35 “Saints” & 67 “Strangers”
Mayflower arrives in New World in Nov.
1620
◦ Too late to go further
◦ Settle in Massachusetts; farther north than
they had intended
◦ Outside of Virginia Company’s boundaries,
created Mayflower Compact
 Significance of the MC?

4. The PilgrimsThe Pilgrims
More than ½ died during 1st year
Survival depended largely on Native help
 Squanto & Samoset
 1st Thanksgiving (1621)
 Small pox devastated neighboring Indians
◦ Survived as subsistence farmers
 Rocky soil, short growing season

5. The PuritansThe Puritans
Fled religious persecution in England
◦ King Charles I (1625-1649) favored Catholicism
 Executed in 1649
◦ Parliament disbanded (1629-1640)
Created the Mass. Bay Co., led by John
Winthrop
Sailed in 1630
◦ 17 ships & 1,000 people (mostly families)
 Largest single migration of 17th
c.
 Much different than VA’s start

6. Seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

8. John Winthrop, 1630
“For we must consider that we shall
be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all
people are upon us. So that if we shall
deal falsely with our God in this work
we have undertaken, and so cause
Him to withdraw His present help
from us, we shall be made a story and
a by-word through the world.”

9. The Puritans
The Massachusetts
Bay Colony had
struggles early, but
prospered more
quickly than
Jamestown or
Plymouth
John Winthrop

10. ConnecticutConnecticut
• Thomas Hooker, a minister, led his congregation
to est. Hartford (1635)
• Believed all men, not just Puritans, should have
right to vote
• New Haven founded in 1639
• Est. colonial gov’t & adopted Fundamental
Orders of CT
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• New Haven & Hartford conjoined in 1662

12. Rhode IslandRhode Island
Roger Williams is banished from MA &
along w/ settlers est. Providence (1636)
◦ Wanted to sever all ties w/ Anglican Church
◦ Believed in separation of church & state
 Anne Hutchinson
RI allowed religious freedom

13. New Hampshire & MaineNew Hampshire & Maine
NH & ME both were originally part of MA
John Wheelwright & dissenters settled
Exeter, NH (1639)
NH became separate colony in 1679
ME remained part of MA until 1820

14. Native Americans of New EnglandNative Americans of New England
Relatively small population by 1630s due
to epidemics
◦ Population fell from 100k in 1600 to 10k in
1675
Taught English colonists farming
techniques
Acted as trading partners, esp. in fur
English pursued land & moved west; led
to more conflict
◦ Some hoped to assimilate Indians, others
wanted to move them or exterminate them

15. WarWar
Pequot War (1637)
◦ English settlers & Mohegan & Narragansett vs.
Pequot
◦ Pequot tribe nearly wiped out
King Philip’s War (1675-1676)
◦ English & Mohawks vs. Wampanoags (led by
Metacomet/King Philip
 Metacomet killed, other leaders executed & sent
into slavery
 Wampanoags left powerless

16. Odds & EndsOdds & Ends
MA’s white population=91K by 1700
Longer lifespan than MD & VA
◦ Why?
Gov’t focused on consent
Numerous dissenters slowed migration in
2nd
half of 17th
c.
Harvard est. 1636
◦ Used to train ministers

18. Key QsKey Qs
What did the Puritans believe to be their purpose
in coming to America & how did church & state
cooperate to achieve this goal?
How did the Pilgrims’ experience w/ Native
Americans differ markedly from that of the
settlers of VA?
How did the colony of CT originate? RI?What
does this expansion (“exodus”) reveal about MA
Bay Colony?