Market Structue Analysis Of The Steel Industry

Market Structue Analysis of the Steel Industry
I. Introduction ......................................................................................1
1.1 What is Market Structure Analysis? ...........................................1
1.2 What is Steel? .............................................................................1
1.3 History of Steel ...........................................................................2
1.4 Early Market Structure of the Steel Industry ..............................2
1.5 Current Market Structure of the Steel Industry ...........................4 II. What caused the change? ..................................................................5
2.1 Demand and Supply ....................................................................5 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From blast furnaces to highly efficient electric arc furnaces, the steel industry has seen advancements in both technology and range of product
versatility (The Industrial Revolution n.d.).
Steel is closely linked to the ferrous scrap industry and the iron ore industry in that its main raw materials are derived from these areas. Because of its
chemical properties, steel does not have high product substitutability; therefore world's economies have long been depending on its extensive use.
1.4 Early Market Structure of the Steel Industry
Following the post–war era of the WWII, steel distribution remained mainly focused on the former USSR, US, and Western European countries. In
1960s, the emergence of Japan as a potential steel manufacturer surfaces, making changes to the early dominant structure of the steel market in the 50s.
ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) was by then the world's greatest exporter of steel. It was a collusion of developed western countries in
an attempt to create a shared market.
Other strong forces were the U.S. Steel Company and later on the ex–USSR. This particular period of the industry was founded on the basis of new
technologies, extensive mining and abundant production (Medeiros 2006). Between 1960 and 1974, a growth of 5.5% per annum was keeping the
industry on top (World Steel Industry n.d.).
However,
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Iron and Steel Industry
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Field Of Research
The field of research is to study the factors which affect the profitability of IRON AND STEEL industry, which is the most crucial element for the
growth of any developed or developing economy. It acts as backbone of human civilisation. It is a product of a large and technologically complex
industry having strong forward and backward linkages in terms of material flows and income generation. With regards to Indian Economy it is one of
the most energy intensive sectors. Increase in productivity can be achieved through cleaner technologies and manufacturing process which will help in
merging Economic, Social and Environmental Objectives. Many companies in the past many years have undergone mergers ... Show more content on
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Export restrictions were eliminated 3. Import tariffs were reduced from 100 percent to 5 percent 4. Decontrol of domestic steel prices 5. Foreign
investment was encouraged, and the steel industry was part of the high priority industries for foreign investments and implying automatic approval for
foreign equity participation up to 100 percent. 6. System of freight ceiling was introduced in place of freight equalization scheme.
As a result, the domestic steel industry has since then, become market oriented and integrated with the global steel industry. This has helped private
players to expand their operations and bring in new cost effective technologies to improve competitiveness not only in the domestic but also in the
global market. Private sector contribution in the total output has since been increasing in India. Development of private sector has caused high growth
in all aspects of steel industry that is capacity, production, export and imports. During the last decade more than 12 Mt of capacity has been added in
the steel industry, this is mostly in the private sector. Recently, the steel industry is receiving significant foreign investments such as POSCO South
Korean steel producer and Arcelor–Mittal Group UK/Europe based steel producer announcing plans for establishing about 12 Mt production units each
in India.
2.2 AN OVERVIEW
Today IRON AND STEEL industry is facing a slowdown due

Steel Industry in Thailand
Steel Industry in Thailand has various type of product. In this report, we mainly focus in "Metal Sheet 0r Roof" industry. There are 4 companies that
we have chosen which are Permsin Steel Work Co. Ltd., Munkong Steel Company, Thai Syncon and Supplies Co. Ltd. and SV Metal World Company.
We have got a high cooperation from these 4 interviewed companies. "Roof Steel" industry has high in competitive atmosphere due to the low of
competitive rivalry. There are 3 levels that can measure the size of each company and the position in the market 1. Revenue more than 1,000–2,000
million Baht about 3–5 companies 2. Revenue around 100–600 million Baht about 10 companies 3. Revenue less than 100 million Baht and... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have a lot of existing customers that trust with their company. Service – Free transportation for customers who order the company product that no
other competitors do like this. Less complex management because they rent inventory and reduce cost for company. Weaknesses Fewer product
lines when compares with big competitors so it may cause risk to company because they concentrate only color metal sheet and in engineering field.
It is a new company in this industry so, it hard to fight with big competitors that have a lot of budget to expand or promote itself also hard to gain
trust from new customers to buy their product. It doesn't provide a one stop service for customers like other big competitors e.g. interior or exterior
design, find supplier for construction and etc. No high technological machine. Lack of efficiency workers Permsin Steel Company Profile1 {draw:rect}
Our vision To provide the best quality steel products, technical assistance, friendly and timeliness service, to our customer To improve the efficiency of
our staff, operational system and dedication in both quality and customer service. To complied with the ISO 9001 version 2008 standard. Product

Iron and S
teelIRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Corporate Catalyst India
A report on Indian Iron and Steel Industry
OVERVIEW
1.1 Background The Indian iron and steel industry is nearly a century old, with Tata Iron & Steel Co (Tata Steel) as the first integratedsteel plant to be
set up in 1907. It was the first core sector to be completely freed from the licensing regime (in 1990–91) and the pricing and distribution controls. The
steel industry is expanding worldwide. For a number of years it has been benefiting from the exceptionally buoyant Asian economies (mainly India and
China). The economic modernization processes in these countries are driving the sharp rise in demand for steel. The New Industrial policy adopted by
the Government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a growth of 4–5 per cent over the two–year period. However, according to IISI, the cost of raw materials and energy was to continue to
represent a major challenge for the world's steel industry. Higher production of value–added products, capacity expansion, upgradation of production
process achieveing cost effective production in an environment friendly manner, have been the major thrust areas of the Indian Iron and steel producers
in the recent times. After liberalization, there have been no shortages of iron and steel materials in the country. 1.4.1 Production of Carbon Steel The
total production of finished carbon steel in the country has been 42.636 million tonnes in 2005–06 as compared to 29.77 million tonnes in 2000–01,
indicating an average increase of 57 per cent. The high share of the secondary sector in finished steel production is largely due to substantial supplies
of semis, the basic feed material from the main producers for conversion to needed shapes by rolling.
Corporate Catalyst India
A report on Indian Iron and Steel Industry
Production Trend Pig Iron & Carbon Steel
50 In million tonnes 40 30 20 10 0 2002–03 2003–04 Pig Iron 5.3 3.8 3.3 33.7 37

40.1
42.6
18 3.9 1.7
2004–05
2005–06 2006–07*
Finished Carbon Steel
Source: Joint Plant

Challenges Faced by the Steel Industry
Challenges faced by the steel industry
Introduction3
Challenges faced by the steel industry3
Conclusion13
Work cited
During the 1950s,the European steel market, steel production and import unrelentingly augmented. This created surplus provisions on the promotion of
the Six. Due to this, there was deterioration of the market together with its selling value. This drop continued as a result of antagonism from
inexpensive introductions from eastern nations. Therefore, the European steel industry was actually positioned at a drawback for the reason that its cost
prices were higher than those of its contestants (Steel Industry and the Environment p.1). Consequently, there was a proposal from the High Authority
that there should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has led to the declaration that there will be reduction in the manufacture of even formations by a number of tons in the first half of that year due to
the low stipulation in the promotion of the European Union. Although, this decrease unreservedly aspires at offering support to the advertising costs
that the company has already publicized. This has clinched an augmentation of Euro 15/ton effectual early in the second quarter. The second largest
steel producer, "Mittal Steel", provided some analysis that opted to taking comparable applications to that of Arcelor ("Analysis of economic indicators
of the EU metals industry p.1) This offered assistance in the reduction of the creations within the perception of the requirement of upholding the
provisions and stipulation stability of sustaining the values at the cost of measure. Therefore, that is what the steel industries have been determined to
attain in 2005, particularly after the augmentations that took place in the prices of the raw substance. Particularly, the iron ore industry, which had
indentures concluded in the year 2005 with an augment of up to 71.5% over the stage of preceding year. There may be an illustration to a new path for
this steel manufacturing during

Nucor Driving Forces
What driving forces do you see at work in this industry? Are the likely to impact the industry's competitive intensity and profitability favorably or
unfavorably?
The driving forces in the steel industry would be technology evolution. The change in the steel making technology has transformed the steel industry.
Market growth has a huge impact in the development of the steel industry, strategies, profitability, and efficiency. Market and competition is a factor to
consider when looking at the long run of this industry. New innovative technologies such as advance computer systems, physical models, and artificial
intelligence can be used and incorporated in the steel manufacturing process. The economy also greatly affects the steel industry as ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A competitive approach tends to be the best strategy for this commodity product industry. Nucor has been successful in reaching relatively low
production costs. Nucor has the ability to build plants inexpensively but also operate them very efficiently. Nucor has a record of profitability even
when times are tough in the domestic steel industry, showing that Nucor has lower costs relative to other steel producers. It could also be assumed that
Nucor is cost competitive with foreign steel producers trying to sell their products in the United States.
Is there any reason to believe that Nucor has achieved a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals?
Nucor's cost competitiveness is something they have developed over years. It seems as if a small portion of domestic competitors if any at all even
appear to have costs as low as Nucor. Nucor's management teams have tried not to miss any opportunities to drive costs down in its business. This
would then provide Nucor with a sustainable low–cost advantage over its domestic competitors as well as its foreign ones attempting to sell steel to
customers in the United States.
Have Nucor's recent acquisitions over the past several decades contributed to their

Andrew Carnegie And The Transformation Of The Steel Industry
American Economic Development
Andrew Carnegie and the Transformation of the Steel Industry
November 2014
Before Andrew Carnegie's influence in the steel industry, steel was as an expensive product. It was used for tools and weapons, all large scale metal
operations were created with cast iron. The Bessemer process was the cheap way to produce steel. The process enabled the mass production of steel
for industrial types of usage. Essentially the process breaks down impurities in the iron by way of open furnace extraction. This oxidizes the steel
while it is run through molten metal. Steel has been common in production since the Bessemer process was discovered and perfected in the late
1850s. Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry. He was one of the first to practice the vertical integration management technique
which drastically reduced his costs of production. Along with the vertical integration his honing of the Bessemer process created somewhat of a
monopoly in the area. I say this because Edgar Thompson Steel Works provided permits for Carnegie to purchase a number of nearby steel mills. The
steel industry in the United States changed drastically from the early 1800s to 1900s; the man responsible for the mass production was Andrew
Carnegie. Carnegie is one of the wealthiest men to live on this earth; much of that wealth came from Carnegie Steel Company, later U.S. Steel.
Prior to the application of the Bessemer process, Britain had no way of reducing

Indian Steel Industry
INTRODUCTION
Indian Steel Industry
India's economic growth is very much dependent upon the growth of the Indian steel industry. One of the major indicator of economic development has
always been the consumption of steel. Steel is an essential element in sectors such as housing, construction and land transportation, special steel's use is
growing in engineering industries such as power generation, petrochemicals and fertilizers. India is at the central position on the global steel map, with
the establishment of new steel mills, continuous modernization and upgrading old plants, improving backward integration and energy efficiency.
Steel production in India has increased by a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8 % over the period 2002–03 to 2006–07. Growth in India is
subjected to be higher than the world average, as the per capita consumption of steel in India, at around 46 kg, whereas the world average (150 kg)
and that of developed countries (400 kg). Indian demand is projected to rise to 200 million tonnes by 2015. Considering the strong demand scenario,
most global steel players are aiming for a major expansion, either through Brownfield or Greenfield route. By 2020, steel production capacity in India
is expected to touch 275 million tones. Greenfield projects and Brownfield projects are estimated to add 28.7 million tones and 40.5 million tones
respectively to the existing capacity of 55 million tonnes.
The growing consolidation in the steel industry

Monopoly: The Case Of The Egyptian Steel Industry
Monopoly: The Case of Egyptian Steel is an article written by Tarek H. Selim of American University in Cairo, Egypt. The topic of this article is about
monopoly where markets behave according to rational economic incentives and policies. The author's purpose in writing this article is because he fined
the Egyptian steel industry so interesting case to analyze because according to him it is a strategic source of raw material for other industries and
comprises a large portion of Egyptian industrial GDP.
According to the author, the local steel industry in Egypt has been protected by high tariffs. Their market is segmented according to its steel types.
Also, in the market, there is a dominant steel producer that is acting like a monopoly. The Egyptian steel industry is characterized by market
segmentation, a dominant market position, and efficiency elements. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the raw material inputs, costs of raw materials and the capital and labor. Also, there is SWOT Analysis happen in this article. Along with the
strengths, it stated that the Egyptian steel industry represents an important aspect to the economy. The production of steel in Egypt depends heavily in
the reinforcing bar that is important input to the construction industry. Along with the weaknesses, it stated that the Egyptian market of steel is
considered a monopoly while creating a price distortion in the short run. Also, the long run distortion is incalculable at present time.
Along in the opportunities, it is stated that the price of steel is increasing at high levels because of the disequilibrium in international markets. Through
that, it implies that export of steel could be profitable. Along with the threats, it is stated that the steel industry is a very risky business where there are
high price fluctuation that can lead to many losses for the producers. The major threats for local steel producers are those competitions coming from
India and

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Steel
2.3STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE COMPANY
Strengths
1.World's leading steel and mining company.
ArcelorMittal is the world's leading steel and mining company where its annual achievable production capacity is about 114 million tons of crude steel
in 2015 and about 210,000 employees across 60 countries. According to WorldSteel Association, in 2015 ArcelorMittal was at the first ranking among
the top steel–producing companies in the world. Other than that, they are also the leader in all major global steel markets including automotive,
construction, household appliances, and packaging. They are the largest producer of steel in Africa, North and South America, and EU, and have a
growing presence in Asia. ArcelorMittal is the one of the largestiron ore producers in the world by having about 14 global ... Show more content on
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With respect to these company's abilities, ArcelorMittal believes that they are relatively high level of self–sufficiency in key raw materials and be as
their competitive advantage over time.
Moreover, ArcelorMittal had proven to the world that they have the expertise in steel acquisitions and turnarounds. The company is able in integrating
operations and turning around the assets which underperforming within short time. The combination of knowledge and skills between the second
largest steel companies in the world, Arcelor, and Mittal Steel has resulted diversification expertise from different business units across the company.
The company demonstrates their focused on capital expenditure programs, applying the company wide best practices, improving working capital,
ensures sufficient raw materials, and encouraged safety and clean environment at their acquired

Henrietta Lacks: Life In The Steel Industry
Henrietta Lacks was born in Roanoke, Virginia on August 1, 1920. Like most African American families at this time, Lacks worked as a tobacco
farmer starting from an early age along with her many brothers and sisters. In 1935, when Lacks was 14 years old, she gave birth to her first son,
Lawrence Lacks. In 1939, when Lacks was 18 years old, her first daughter, Elsie Lacks, was born. A few years later, Day andHenrietta Lacks were
married. Later that year, the couple left the tobacco farm that both Henrietta and Day had lived on for many years to Maryland where Day Lacks
could work in the steel industry. Living in Maryland, Henrietta and Day Lacks had three more children, David Lacks, Jr., Deborah Lacks, and Joseph
Lacks. On January 29, 1951,

Nucor's Strategy in the Steel Industry
The Steel Industry
BUS 599
Strategic Management
1. Discuss the trends in the steel industry and how it may impact Nucor's strategy
According to Economy Watch, it has been stated, "that from the period starting from 1910 till the year 1960, the first position in terms of producing the
largest amount of steel in the whole world was captured by United States Of America. During this period it was observed that almost half of the total
steel production around the globe was produced by USA. But the scenario started to change after the countries like Japan and China came to the fore"
(Economy Watch, 2010). This is one of the major trends that Nucor was realizing when it came to the Steel industry around the world. Steel was
becoming a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company was not all about the corporate headquarters, but more in tune with the individual plants. Each plant had either a general manager or a
group manager. "The group manager or plant general manager had control of the day –to–day decisions that affected the group or plant's profitability"
(Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2010). These general managers report to the assigned VPs at headquarters. This gives each plant a sense of
independency where they are able to make their own decisions on how their plant will be ran. Many other companies would be hesitant to implement
such a open door policy but this obviously has worked for them. The main concept is to decentralize their operations mas much as possible. Each
section does their own thing their own way. As long at each section was making money, operating in the black and hitting their profit target, they could
operate without much objection from corporate. needs to step in and help when a plant is falling behind on their numbers for the year. 3. Identify three
(3) HRM issues related to strategy implementation and recommend actions to address these issues.
General managers must operate at a capacity and efficiency to make a 25 percent return for the company. This is a pro when it comes to running a
plant in their own way but it definitely could cause the company to keep a close eye on a general manager if they do not meet their quota for the year.
Furthermore, they indicate

iSteelAsia: A Secure, Neutral Steel Trading e-Commerce...
I Steel Asia case
iSteelAsia is a secure, neutral steel trading e–commerce platform created by Andrew Cho Fai in december 1999 for steel industry professionals.
Indeed, iSteelAsia enables users to purchase and sell steel, network with a global community of steel traders and find informations and news concerning
steel industry.
1) Describe briefly the market itself and the market conditions (positive / negative trends, opportunities / threats) under which iSteelAsia developed.
Identify more specifically the threats that the company faces or may face in the near future.
The market under which iSteelAsia developed is the market of the Steel in Asia. After, the crisis of 2001, the global steel market have known a
development of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, there is an other danger that the players don 't manage or don 't want to deal with this new e–commerce kind of trading and finally prefer to
trade with tradionnal companies, and that the customers stay cagey of this system of trade. Indeed, the players may not trust new technologies or may
not want to change their habits, or don 't have enough knowledge to feel confident to deal with this kind of companies.
Eventually, the iSteelAsia have to worried about competitors, notably about US and Europe competitors (they are more advanced in e–commerce
technology). So they have to all the time innovate and up–to–date their skills and knowledge to don 't lost their market share.
Also, there is an other risk because of the Asian boom technologic. Indeed, there will be a lot of news local start–up, so a lot of news competitors on
the market.
Besides, the news competitors should have better knowledge because they just graduated from graduate schools.
2) Describe what iSteelAsia offers to the market (use the value delivered to the customer В« benefits/costs В» framework) and more particularly the
way through which iSteelAsia used e–commerce to offer more to the customer, compared to its previous, В« tradionnal В» operations.
IsteelAsia proposes a neutral vertical portail, offering online trading and informations about the steel industry. Globally, it proposes a global view of the
steel market, for instance about the prices and the economic trends. It

The United States Steel Industry
Steel has an intricate past and present. When scientist discovered how to mass–produce steel the moment marked the modern society's genesis. During
that time, the United States Steel Corporation dominated the steel industry. Today, the steel industry sees competition not only from native business
but from abroad as well. Steel is used in almost every major commercial load bearing structure. Combined global competition and mixed uses has
increased the need for civil engineers to conduct specialized research.
A Brave New World
The United States steel industry has a rich history. America started its love affair with steel in the mid–1800's when Sir Henry Bessemer of England
engineered what is today known as the Bessemer Process. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States Steel Corporation led the field in steel production in early America. As of 2015, the United States Steel Corporation is still a major
player in the industry, but they also compete against giants such as the Nucor Corporation, Steel Dynamics Incorporated, ArcelorMittal USA and AK
Steel Holding Corporation and the AK Steel Holding Corporation. In all, there are approximately 50 major steel manufacturers in the United States.
Three quarters of these manufacturers hold membership in the Steel Manufacturers Association. Collectively, these member companies employ over a
half million workers. The group works together to set industry standards the server the interest of the public and its members. They regulate steel
industry policy in areas such as operations, environment, human resources, safety and transportation. These industry regulations create a demand for
civil engineers who can carry out these objectives.
The Role of Steel in Modern Construction
Steel is a very versatile building material. Construction companies use steel in a variety of settings. The most notable setting is in the building
construction arena. Steel serves as the backbone of some of the most strikingly beautiful structures in the United States. Designing these buildings so
that they are safe, to its occupants and the environment is a formidable feat. These projects are so formidable that several engineers may have to work
on a single project within specialty scopes

Profitability Analysis of Steel Industry
Industrial Organization and Competitive Strategy
Analysis of competitive advantage of Tata Steel in the Indian Steel Industry.
Submitted by:–
Himanshu Singh, G12024
Paul Jacob, G12034
Aninda Goswamy, G12008
Objective:
This study has multiple goals:–
1. To find out if TataSteel does enjoy a competitive advantage vis–Г –vis other players in the Steel industry in India.
2. To ascertain the source of this competitive advantage.
3. Find out if this competitive advantage is sustainable.
Industry Overview
India today is one of the topmost producers of steel in the world. With the industry attributes like low cost manpower and abundance of iron ore and
coal reserves India today is a highly competitive market. The reasons for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* International steel conglomerates may look to partner with local players with capacities in the range of 0.5 million tons to 2 million tons
Company Profile: TATA Steel
Tata Steel is one of India's largest steel organizations. Established 1907 in Mumbai as "TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY" it has a production
capacity of 40 Mn. tonnes a year. It is also world's sixth largest steel company. With a presence in more than 60 + countries and manufacturing units in
30+ countries the company can be called truly global.
It is india's largest private sector steel organisation in terms or domestic production. Tata Steel is also India 's second–largest and second–most
profitable company in private sector in terms of consolidated revenues. Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, with its recent acquisitions,

the company has become a multinational with operations in various The company was also recognized as the world 's best steel producer by World
Steel Dynamics in 2005.In the year 2000,the company was recognised as the world 's lowest–cost producer of steel. The company manufactures
finished steel, both long and flat products like hot and cold rolled coils and sheets, galvanized sheets, tubes, wire rods, construction re–bars, rings and
bearings. The company markets its products in brands like "Tata Steel, Tata Tiscon,

Using GIS in the Study of the Steel Industry
How GIS is used in the study case? The U.S. steel industry continues to face formidable competition globally, especially from a costing, supply chain,
and procurement perspective. The intensity of this competition is forcing many steel producers to look for greater efficiencies form their own
operations. One of the most effective continues to be the streamlining how product, project, and process information to create a unified system of
record which can be used for knowledge management (Armstrong, 2008). From an analysis of the readings in Using GIS Technology for Document
and Asset Management (Armstrong, 2008) it is apparent that visual representation of information and knowledge taxonomies across the various
locations of a U.S. Steel manufacturing plant are invaluable in increasing efficiency and performance. These manufacturing centers often rely on a very
broad set of content–based sources, information and knowledge all used for keeping each production machine running efficiently while also ensuring
that the steel mill workers have the information they need to do their jobs. The case study is unique from a GIS perspective in that it combines the
spatial data related to documents and knowledge repositories throughout an enterprise to the workflows associated with them. The myriad of data
sources throughout any business have a high percentage of content associated with location–based intelligence as well (Armstrong, 2008). The case
study shows how the myriad of data,

Analysis Of Nucor's The On The Industry Of Steel
Nucor takes a simple approach to succeeding in the industry of steel. At its mini mills, Nucor produces hot– and cold–rolled steel, steel joists, and
metal buildings. It has the capability to produce more than 26 million tons of steel a year. Being one of North America's largest recycler of scrap
metal, it produces steel by melting scrap in electric arc furnaces. Most products are sold to steel service centers, manufactures, and fabricators.
Subsidiary Harris Steel fabricates rebar for highways and bridges and other construction projects. Its David J. Joseph Company unit processes and
brokers metals, pig iron, hot briquetted iron, and direct reduced iron. In 2014 Nucor recycled 19 million tons of scrap steel.
Their mission is as follows: "Nucor is made up of more than 20,000 teammates whose goal is to take care of our customers by being the safest,
highest quality, lowest cost, most productive and most profitable steel and steel products company in the world. We ae committed to doing this while
being cultural and environmental stewards in our communities where we live and work." Their commercial excellence is based off of five principles:
stay market driven, forge strong and loyal relationships, be easy to do business with, create sustainable results and do everything together. The Chief
Finance Officer, John Ferriola, said "We care about our teammates, customers, environment and communities in which we live and work. It's not just
our way of doing business; it's our

Industrial America from the American Steel Industry to the...
Industrial America from the American Steel Industry to the Early 1970's
The steel industry has been profoundly important to the development of USA by its value of output, input to the American manufacturing industries
and in terms of the extent of its employment in the past. It's been important because of its political clout of its corporations and finally it's been
important for strategic reasons.
Background to the American Steel Industry
The industry dates from mid 19th century when it grew out of the iron industry. There was huge demand for steel following the end of the Civil War
and the building of the great trans–continental railway. The industry centred in Pittsburgh where the classic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Appalachian deposits of iron ore become very much depleted and development of ore deposits to the West of Lake Superior was accelerated. The
Mesabi Range ores has been worked by Rockefeller since 1892. Open–cast production kept costs low, as did the great and advances in ore–carriers
which transported the ores east wards through the Great Lakes. Technological advance allowed lower grade taconite ores to be beneficiated and so
enabled them to bear the transport costs to the steel mills further east.
Demand for Steel: This continued to rise in aggregate throughout much of the first half of the 20th century. The nature of the demand altered however.
Much less steel was now needed for rails, but structural steel became increasingly important as did rods, wire, tubes and pipes; steel was needed for
tinplate and also very significant amounts were demanded by the transport industries.
Organisation of the industry: At the turn of the century, there was much horizontal integration and merger activity reflecting, amongst other things, a
desire to reduce competition and to increase the scale of enterprises. Some companies became involved in vertical integration, being particularly
anxious to secure their supplies of coking coal and iron ore (the US relied very heavily on indigenous

Nucor Corporation in 2001: Pursuing Growth in a Troubled...
Nucor Corporation in 2001: Pursuing Growth in a Troubled Steel Industry
Table of Contents
Introduction3
Nucor's History3
Current Strategy and Future Expectation4
Analysis and evaluation4
Dominant Economic Characteristics of the Steel Industry Environment4
Competition analysis in the Steel Industry5
SWOT Analysis6
Recommendations9
Introduction
Nucor's History
Nucor Corporation is the second–largest steel producer in the United States and has had net sales of $4.6 billion in 2000. Nucor recycles approximately
10 million tons of scrap steel. It operates in 9 states and produces carbon and alloy steel in bars, beams, sheet, and plate; steel joists and joist girders;
steel deck; cold finished steel; steel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 1: Porter's Five–Forces Model of Competition
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
В·Nucor is the second–largest producer of steel in the U.S. It enjoys the brand name advantages, and has well established relations with the suppliers
and the buyers.
В·Nucor is very good at identifying cost cutting opportunity. It has always kept the cost low, maintaining a very high quality. It integrated backwards
and started producing steel to reduce the material cost for joists. Nucor plants have always been situated near the markets they serve.
В·Nucor had always been aggressive pursuit of Innovation and technical excellence in technology. It has monitored the R&D activities around the

world and has reviewed it for possible adoption. In the U.S., it has been the first to adopt the electric arc furnace and continuous strip casting
technologies.
В·Nucor is known for constructing state–of–the–art facilities at the lowest costs. When Nucor introduced the minimills the average cost of capital was
$135 per ton of capacity, almost one–tenth of the cost of the competitors. It has the most modern mills in the U.S. equipped with the latest technology.
В·Nucor has a stripped down, no non–sense thrifty organization under a very strong corporate leadership. It has a very lean corporate staff and simple
corporate facilities. There are no corporate perquisites. The organization is decentralized and each division is autonomous.
В·It has a very strong employee

History Of The Decline Of Chicago's Steel Industry
Before the steel industry started its decline in the Chicagoland areas, they saw a major spike in production after WWII, there was also large amounts
of labor strikes in the steel industry. These strikes were the beginning of the end for Chicago's steel industry, "For the most part, strikes at Chicago–area
plants between 1900 and 1920 ended in defeat for workers. The largest of these strikes occurred in 1919, when 90,000 Chicago–area workers led an
industry wide national protest coordinated by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) that sought union recognition and the 8–hour day. The strike
temporarily halted steel production, but, after state and federal troops were called in, workers returned to their plants." During World War II was when

Iron & Steel Industry in India
The objectives of the study are as follows: To analyze the top and bottom five Iron and Steel Industries in India Analyzing the trend of key ratios
across the top and bottom five Iron and Steel companies in India Finding the factors responsible in the production of Iron and Steel To analyze the data
of the associated factors and finding a model for demand in Indian Iron and Steel Industry in 2010 Overview The steel industry is a dynamic, innovative
sector, which is constantly adapting and refining itself to become more competitive in the market. The industry does this by developing new, improved
steel grades and production procedures that produce better and more cost–effective product lines for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the 1973–4 oil crisis put a brake on the fast pace of steel production growth and further led the global steel industry into a transformation era
lasting two decades. The period 1975–2000 was characterized by production stagnation, in terms of scale, and structural transformation driven by
widespread technological innovation which created 75% of the categories of steel products used today. Current Global Scenario In the year 2000, the
World Crude Steel production was 848 million tonnes, showing an impressive growth of 7.6% over the previous year. The world steel consumption
also rose by almost 8%. The international steel trade constituted around 303 million tons or 40.5% of the production. In 2001 and 2002, world crude
steel production was 833.70 million tonnes and 886.70 million tonnes, respectively. The following significant developments have been witnessed
recently in the global steel scenario: There has been a spate of mergers and acquisitions all over the world in the steel industry. This is a relatively new
development in the steel industry and is not confined only to companies within the same country but often involved cross border acquisitions and
mergers. China has emerged as the most vibrant market for steel production and consumption. The crisis of excess capacity and

Nucor Corporation
Week Four
1. Read the following from the textbook and be prepared to discuss in class:
Chapter 9:Diversification: Strategies for Managing a Group of Businesses.
Chapter 10:Strategy, Ethics, and Social Responsibility.
Chapter 11: Building an Organization Capable of Good Strategy Execution.
2. Perform Decision Fifth Round for Year 15 of the Business Strategy Game.
4. Prepare a written case study in APA format on, and be prepared to discuss in class the case study: "Nucor Corporation: Competing Against
Low–Cost Imports" Case on page C–193. Use the following questions to perform your case study.
"Nucor Corporation: Competing Against Low–Cost Steel Imports" case 10 page C–193 case study ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, scrap metal and raw iron ore are intangible products, in that there are no substitutes and steel manufacturers are forced to pay the prices
that suppliers offer. Again, company size helps here where essentially it's the bigger the better. Suppliers will often be more inclined to sell to
larger steel manufactures as order quantities are higher. The third part of the model is the bargaining power of buyers. Similarly to the bargaining
power of suppliers, the power of buyers is high here as well. As previously mentioned, due to the lack of product differentiation, cost is the key
driver. Competition from foreign steel manufacturers is fierce and steel imports in the United States are high due to steel often being able to be
produced and sold cheaper then domestically. Because of this, buyers put increased pressure on Nucor who must strive to be as cost effective as
possible. It is also very important to try to get large accounts and then provide necessary attention in order to sustain them. A great portion of steel
profits are derived from these large buyers. A couple key examples are large scale construction and the automobile industry. It's critical for steel
manufactures such as Nucor to try to establish strong relationships with these buyers to generate large, long–term profits. Finally, switching costs for
buyers is low. Buyers can import steel or purchase from another domestic company with lower prices. In order to

Impact Of The Steel Industry On The Economy
During the 19th century, United States was starting to industrialize. The need for labor started increasing and the economy in United States started
increasing. The increase in the economy was due to major inventions and technologies that prospered U.S. Andrew Carnegie was one of the major
figure during the 19th century who was known for creating the steel industry. The steel industry was very important because the economy was
increasing and many people started earning jobs. Andrew Carnegie became a major captain of industry during the 19th century and his invention
created social, economic and political impact on many Americans. The steel industry had a great impact on the economy. Andrew Carnegie was
possessed by technology and efficiency during this time period and he wanted to modernize American industry. Many immigrants were eager to
work and therefore, the industry was successful. Carnegie made attempts to drive down the costs. Therefore, by 1900 Carnegie's mill pro/ and
steel became cheap. The bridges and skyscrapers were not only attainable but also affordable for many people. As a result of these cheap prices, the
steel was increasing which promoted national growth. There was more opportunities for jobs and this caused the economy to prosper. Many people
also started living in the high quality of life which also increased national prestige. However, because of cheap steels Carnegie's workers were paid less
and they had less job security. This did not really affect

The Steel Industry In Pittsburgh
After being completely rebuilt and having one of the best steel industries in the world, Pittsburgh is looking ahead to a great feature moving on to
better things. Starting out as a fort during the Seven Years War and event moving on to the steel industry, Pittsburgh now has a great medical field.
Pittsburgh is a very important historical area for Pennsylvania, having a both good and bad history. Pittsburg has been one of the most industrial cities
in Pennsylvania, and has set an example for the rest of the state.
Often Pittsburgh is thought of as just a city home to the "Steelers" or the "Pirates". Which they are, but it has a much richer history. Pittsburgh has been
a very important factor in building Pennsylvania. There have been many industries in Pittsburgh, some of the best industries. In 1790 was the boat
industry, the start of Pittsburgh's industrial history. Then thesteel, coal, and iron ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later a new fort was built named Fort Pitt after William Pitt in 1760. Pittsburgh was originally established in 1760. WIlliam Pitt was a leader
during the wars and was determined to help save the country. Pittsburgh is part of the golden triangle that was laid out in 1784. Pittsburgh did not
become a city until 1816. After WWII Pittsburgh was completely rebuilt Then becoming the eighth largest city in the nation by 1910. With a
Population of 533,905 ("Pittsburgh" 1). From 1870 to 1910 was Pittsburgh's Golden Age. Steel was a main factor in making Pittsburgh what it is
today. But steel was not the only industry in Pittsburgh. Wood, coal, limestone, sand, and flax were also some of the resources they had. It was the
steel capital of the world due to the abundance of resources. With all of the big promising jobs many people did not want to have the small jobs that
were needed (Dietrich).
Pittsburgh

Source Problem Of Tata Steel
1.Source Problem
Tata Group that was founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868 which is the largest and highly diversified Indian conglomerate. Tata Group has businesses in
different industries such as engineering, energy, materials, services, chemicals etc.
Tata Steel is one of the major Tata companies that the sales record hit as high as 75 percent of the total sales of the group and it is positioned at the
11th largest steel producing company in the world in 2013. Tata Steel's largest plant is in India's first industrial city, Jamshedpur. Although Tata Steel
may be the among the top ten global steel company and also a major player of the steel industry, they are facing high competition with highly
competitive rivals from other countries and a worldwide recession while expanding the business which leads to decline in demand of steel users.
2.Secondary Problem
2.1 Worldwide Recession and Inflation
The global recession had restricted the growth rate of the India's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a massive achievement for Tata Steel that it has achieved till now. The management must possess with good foresight to foresee the potential of
the after business could bring and also the Corus leadership to bring the business to a greater height, to create more value for all stakeholders and not
stop by the affecting elements. They are constantly looking for opportunities to expand the business overseas. The acquisition of Corus will have to
take note of the cultural differences between the two countries as different countries have different culture that caused by many aspects such as
education, environment, legal systems, etc. This allows Tata Steel to stand a better chance to enter Europe market with low cost yet high quality
products to offer a choice for the

Pokemon and the Steel Industry
The steel industry is something that has been evolving and changing for the past 3 centuries in which the braced metal has been around. As we come
into the modern age of mining and metal production we can find that there have been difficulties in the way of our resources are beginning to run low,
mining is dangerous, we may not have enough fuel to smelt iron in the next century, and abrasive water cutters are not innovating since their
introduction. In the recent wake of these events an unlikely source has been uncovered to help aid these problems and that source is the math and
physics of pokemon. Pokemon is a franchise of turn based RPG games in which creatures with many crazy features fight each other for glory. Over the
years pokemon has been getting crazy with what these creatures are based on and some designs and descriptions hold the key to remedying these
problems with the metal industry. Currently, the metal industry, while strong, has many problems due to the shrinking of natural resources and lack of
innovation. the mathematics of pokemon could lead a revolution in steel production because Excadrill design could lead to a more efficient drill, the
heat given off by magmortar is enough to create a new smelting and improve process for stronger steel, and the amount of pressure that Blastoise's
cannons would be forcing out can make a already good tool even better.
Excadrill is a large bipedal mole–like pokemon that has drill like formations on its body. Excadrills

Ratio Analysis Comparative Study
"RATIO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET OF BHUSHAN STEEL"
PROJECT REPORT
2009
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
Of
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY
AVINASH KUMAR JHA
ROLL NO–8073
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
Prof. GUNJAN AGARWALL
Department of Management
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
G.T Road, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad (U.P)

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report entitled "RATIO ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET OF BHUSHAN
STEEL" submitted
by Avinash Kumar Jha for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of PGDM (Batch 2008–10 ), embodies the bonafide work ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Organization information. 2) Literature review b. Global steel industry. c. Indian steel industry 3) Research methodology d. Aims and objective of the
study e. Methodology 4) Data analysis and interpretation f. Ratio analysis. g. Comparative Balance Sheet 5) Conclusion h. Suggestion i. Limitation j.
Bibliography
List of table Page No. 1. Production capacity17 2. Consumption capacity18 3. EBIDTA / Turnover28 4. Profit before Tax / Turnover29 5. Return on
Average Capital Employed.29 6. Return on Average Net Worth31 7. Asset Turnover Ratio32 8. Average Inventory to Turnover33 9. Average Debtor
to Turnover34 10. Gross Block to Net Block36 11. Debt to Equity37 12. Current Ratio38 13. Interest Coverage Ratio39 14. Earnings per Share41 15.
Dividend payout Ratio42 16. Comparative Balance Sheet43
List of Figure Page No. 1. Steel production152. Steel capacity16 3. Indian steel

Andrew Carnegie: Steel Industry In The Late Nineteenth...
Andrew Carnegie was well known for being in the steel industry and a philanthropist in the late nineteenth century.Andrew Carnegie was born on
November 25,1835 and died on August 11,1919 at the age of eighty three.Him and his family came to the United States from Dunfermline when he
was only thirteen years old,after his family was in poverty.Andrew had grown up in a family that believes in books and learning and because of this
he is an avid reader. His father passed away in 1885 which made Andrew more determine to work to support his family.Before Andrew was successful,
he had worked many jobs such as working in factory and working as a telegraph operator.Andrew had made money by making investments in steel
mills.He was a scottish immigrant

Steel Industry
Analysis of Indian Steel Industry
Submitted by: Purvi Tibrewalla Roll 146, Sec B.
Submitted to: Ms. Paramita Sarkar
1
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work presented in this Project entitled "Analysis of Indian Steel Industry" submitted to Ms. Paramita Sarkar full–time faculty
at Smt. J.D.Birla Institute (Department of Management), Kolkata is an authentic record of my original work. The total word count of this paper is
18113 words.
Purvi Tiberewalla
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
"A student is always incomplete without the guidance of his teachers."
The successful completion of a task is incomplete without mentioning the name of the person who extended his help and support in making it a
success. Firstly, I would like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
20 III.2. Steel production processes ................................................................................. 22 III.3. Types of steel
....................................................................................................... 24 III.4. Components of the cost of production ..............................................................
25 IV. Institutional Design ............................................................................................... 27 IV.1. Introduction
........................................................................................................ 27 IV.2. Policy regime for the Steel sector in India........................................................
28

5
IV.3. Role of Government ........................................................................................... 29 V. Performance of the Indian Steel Industry
............................................................ 30 V.1. Production of Steel ............................................................................................... 30 V.2. Steel
Producers In India ...................................................................................... 32 V.3. Export and Import Of Steel
................................................................................ 33 VI. Industry Analysis36 VI.1. Michael Porter's Five Forces Model

How Did Andrew Carnegie Impact The Steel Industry
Andrew Carnegie believed that one's wealth could impact the entire world in a great way. He was commuter to make a fortune in the steel industry
and later gave it up to help people with the wealth he accumulated. He shared the reasoning behind his actions in a book, hoping to drive others to
follow in those footsteps. Andrew Carnegie impacted the world with his devotion to his philanthropy work and his steel business that sparked the steel
industry. Andrew Carnegie's most well know impact was his impact in the steel industry. In Pittsburgh, Andrew Carnegie co
–founded his very first steel
company in the early 1870's. He adopted the Bessemer process to make his desire of making steel more cheaply and efficiently capable of happening.
By 1889, most of the steel production in the United States was under Andrew Carnegie's control. The steel industry was doing so well that it outpaced
the steel production in the United Kingdom. Along with the United States outpacing the United Kingdom still production, Andrew Carnegie was also
one of the wealthiest men in America. Accompanying the impact that Andrew Carnegie had on the successfulness of the steel industry, he also
negatively impacted the labor of the steel industry. In 1892, Andrew Carnegie's workers went on a violent labor strike. The workers protested wage
cuts that Andrew ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Carnegie Endowment was established for International Peace. This endowment also funded the housing of the World Court, the Hague Palace of
Peace. The Carnegie Hero Fund Commision and The Carnegie Hero Fund Trust were also established in recognition of heroic acts. They were
established in 1904 and 1908 to help support the impacts heroes had made in peaceful walks of life in many different countries. The medal is given
throughout the United States and Canada. Those who risk or attempt to save the lives of others are given the Carnegie

TrumpвЂ™S Buy American And U.S. Steel Industry? . Shuang
Trump's Buy American and U.S. Steel industry?
Shuang Tan
As the backbone of American manufacturing, the steel industry is essential to the world 's water and food supply, energy generation and national
security. Steel consumption is highly cyclical and generally follows economic and industrial conditions both worldwide and in regional markets. Steel
industry was severely impacted by the global economic crisis in 2008 as demand from its largest markets, construction and automobile manufacturing,
dropped sharply along with consumer spending on durable goods and business investment in new spaces. This downturn reversed in 2010. Since
demand for steel is highly dependent on the level of activity in the nonresidential construction sector, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, weak domestic demand is further exacerbated by rising global overcapacity, in which has drastically reduced the selling price of steel.
Capacity utilization at domestic mills dropped to as low as 60% in early 2016.
Facing intense competition and influx of cheaper steel products, U.S. steel producers have been persuading U.S. government to protect U.S. companies
from dumping and other unfair competitive practices via either tariffs or import quotas on the steel products of offending companies in foreign
countries.
Starting in 2016, Commerce Department moved to impose tariffs in response to an oversupply in the steel industry, especially from China. Some duties
are as high as 266%. Duties on steel products from China, Brazil, India, Japan and other countries contributed to the U.S. benchmark hot–rolled coil
index rising more than 60% in 2016 to $615 per ton, after falling 33% in 2015. In Europe, the benchmark index was up by 34%. Steel imports into
the U.S. during the first quarter of 2016 fell to eight million metric tons, down 29% from a year earlier, and inventories also declined. Those tariffs
come during an election season rife with promises to protect American workers. Donald Trump promises the job will be done with materials made in
U.S.,

Technology And Innovation : A Competitive Advantage
– Adaptation: to be survived, after suffer through several money–losing and facing bankruptcy, in 1964, the firm moved forward from the nuclear
industry to steel industry.
– Technology and innovation: that is the central strength of the firm, because they can reduce using of the amount the resources as well as making
plants with environment–friendly, for instance in 2005–2006, the firm was regarded as the low–cost steel producer and technologically innovative steel
producer in the USA. And
– Using energy efficient Electric Arc Furnaces and mini–mills to produce both hot and cold rolled steel. By supplementing raw material requirements
with scrap and scrap steel substitutes
– Non–stop innovations that allow Nucor to hold its technological edge in the competition. The firm is always improving its business cycle through the
use of continuing innovation as well as it was the industry leader when it comes to innovation.
– The emphasis on cost control: To be a competitive advantage the market with little product differentiation. Therefore, the price is the major
competitive factor. One of Nucor 's core competencies is that its expertise in remaining costs low whereby adopting technology innovation that supports
in production.
– Strong & unique management philosophy, Strong and efficient leadership combined with a pool of talented and productive workforce for instance: it
had a good philosophy of empowering its worker and minimising the inefficient levels that plagues firm, the

Mittal
"In our industry today only a strong company with a global reach can ensure long–term employment and provide acceptable returns for shareholders." –
Lakshmi Narayan Mittal
Table of Contents
1.How has Mittal managed to expand from a marginal position to become the largest steel producer in the world?1 2.Compare Mittal's economics per
ton of crude steel with its competitors.2 3.What threats does Mittal face?3 4.To what extent is profitability driven by global scale? What else is
relevant?5 5.Is vertical integration a value driver for Mittal? Why?6 6.How would a merger of Arcelor with Mittal add value?8 Appendix I10
1. How has Mittal managed to expand from a marginal position to become the largest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of these also used DRI technology (p 5). LNM also sought to acquire mills which would allow Mittal to become both more globally and
regionally integrated. Being regionally integrated increased profitability by providing Mittal the ability to demand more reliable products and better
overall terms from the suppliers (p 9). Since Mittal owned the mills in surrounding areas, it reduced rivalry by ensuring that nearby mills would not
compete for the same customers, thereby increasing growth (p 9).
Once acquired, the efficient way in which Mittal would execute the turnaround of mills was instrumental in company growth. The Mittal Method
included a six step turnaround process which was implemented by a turnaround team on all newly acquired mills (p 8). The first step was to replace
incumbent staff with Mittal management which would ensure that management of the new mill would share the goals and culture of Mittal (p 9).
Second, Mittal would address any outstanding debts by providing the new mill with the necessary cash (p 9). Third, overall operations would be
improved when Mittal brought in their own top engineers to run the operations (p 9). Fourth, Mittal would shift production to focus on higher value
items, such as those desired by the automotive industry, and attempt to sell directly to the end user and eliminate other middlemen from the value chain
(p 9). Fifth, Mittal would connect the new mill to the previously existing global network of Mittal plants,

Market Structure of Steel Industry
Profile of Steel Industry in India (Managerial Economics)
CONTENTS
Introduction
Market Size Investments Government Initiatives
Steel Prices
Supply and Demand Analysis
Cost of production
Production Functions and Input: Fixed & Variable Inputs: Total & Average cost:
Calculating Average Total Cost
Average cost and Economics of Scale:
Market Structure of steel industry:
Price Discrimination in the Steel Market
SWOT Analysis of Steel Industry:
Indian Steel Industry a Bright Future
Understanding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...

The main highlight of the Union Budget 2012–13 for the steel industry was the proposal to reduce basic customs duty on plant and machinery
imported for setting up or substantial expansion of iron ore pellet plants or iron–ore beneficiation plants from 7.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent. The other
proposals relating to the steel sector are as under:
To reduce basic customs duty on
* Coating material for manufacture of electrical steel from 7.5 per cent to 5 per cent * Nickel ore and concentrate and nickel oxide/ hydroxide from
2.5 per cent or 7.5 percent to Nil * To enhance export duty on chromium ore from Rs 3,000 per tonne to 30 per cent ad valorem * To enhance basic
customs duty on non–alloy, flat–rolled steel from 5 per cent to 7.5 per cent
Some other initiatives taken by the Government include the following:
* 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) through the automatic route is allowed in the sector * Large infrastructure projects in Public–Private
Partnership (PPP) mode are being formed * Government is encouraging research and development (R&D) activities in the sector * Reduced
custom duty and other favourable measures * Government of India has framed the National Steel Policy (NSP) to

Steel Industry Essay examples
1. Using the information contained in the case, conduct a five–forces analysis of the U.S. Steel industry. What conclusion can you draw from this?
Degree of Rivalry: Mini mills were being used by the foreign competition which mean they were able to produce steel at less expensive rates passing
that on ot their customers.
Barriers to entry: Starting in the 1970's since there were no trade barriers companies overseas were able to manufacture and sell steel for a much lower
price here in the United States therefore affecting companies domestically.
Supplier power: Once steel became needed again suppliers were able to multiply what they charged consumers and were able to produce large qantities
at a time in order to stay up with demand. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The level of the competition does vary thuogh because mini mills are able to produce steel less expensively yet they are not able to produce in large
quantities as the bigger established steel companies. Each company needs to look at how they can improve within themselves, the economy and against
the competition.
3. Given the nature of competition in the U.S. steel industry, what must a steel maker focus on in order to be proftable?
The U.S. steel industry would have to focus on technology. It should also focus on the larger global scale in order to stay up with competition
domestically and internationally. If this does not happen then the United States will not be able to stay ahead of the competition and many companies
will once again go bankrupt.
4. How is the competitive strategy of the steel industry currently being affected by the seven macro–environmental forces?
It is currently being affected economically, technologically and legally. With the economy being as low as it has and going through a recession many
industries have not been able to stay open. They have needed to cut back on expenses such as supplies and employee costs. With new laws constantly
passing they need to make sure they are up to date with minimum wage and tax laws. It all factors in to whether or not a business can stay open and
make a profit at the same time.
Hill, C. W. L., & G. R. Jones. (2013).Strategic management: An integrated

The Steel Industry in the USA
The Steel Industry in the USA Steel has been part of the greatest achievements in history. It was the "iron horse" andsteel rails that helped carve a
nation out of the frontier. Steel is the backbone of bridges, the skeleton of skyscrapers and the framework of automobiles. Now in the 21st century, it
is still revolutionizing the way we live. It is high strength frames for eyeglasses; it is a strong durable frame in housing and it's precise surgical
instruments used in hospital operating rooms around the world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the workers, modernization has meant learning new skills to operate sophisticated equipment. Competition also has resulted in increasing
specialization of steel production as various producers attempt to capture different niches in the market. As international and domestic competition
continue for U. S steel producers, the nature of the industry and the jobs of its workers are expected to continue to change.
Domestic steel prices declined significantly during 1998 and 1999, allegedly because of dumping of subsidized, low–priced steel products onto the U.S
market by foreign producers. The steel industry appealed to the Government for vigorous enforcement of trade laws in response to the alleged dumping
and received support from the U.S. Department of Commerce in the form of antidumping duty margins against several countries. Later, the
International Trade Commission ruled against the industry claiming that the industry did not suffer irreparable damage from the extra imports. (4)
The U. S Antidumping Act of September 8, 1916 allows civil actions and criminal proceedings to be brought against importers who "commonly and
systematically' have imported or sold foreign–produced goods in the United States at prices which are 'substantially less' than the prices at which the
same products are sold in a relevant foreign market, provided that such action is

Essay Mid Term Case
Eastern Waves Inc. Case
OM 527
Edward Elric
Background
Eastern Waves Inc. is a steel manufacturing company located in Kuantan, Malaysia. In 2009, Eastern Waves' cash on hand was 188 ringgits (RM). In
the previous year, they had an even lower cash balance of RM188. Without cash, Eastern Waves are unable to purchase raw materials from local raw
material suppliers. Eastern currently has a joint venture relationship with Jinan & Iron Steel Corp., which enables Eastern to buy scrap steel on
credit from the Jinan plate mill operation. This scrap steel is crucial to Eastern's success given the market price of the purchased raw steel billets.
However, the scrap steel is of a lower grade than the standard raw steel billet.
The new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The protection of Malaysian upstream steel industry was affecting local downstream steel millers as they were forced to buy from the more expensive
domestic suppliers. The government are attempting to promote cordial relationships between employers and employees and industrial harmony based
on social justice and equity. The minimum wage for an employee is RM1500 per month. The labor regulations attempt to protect the domestic
workers. As a result, the Malaysian industries still rely heavily on cheap foreign workers. In order to reverse the dependency on foreign workers and
promote domestic workers, the government has recently imposed an annual level of RM125–1500 on each foreign worker and limited their work stay
to only two years per permit. Eastern Wave is a small steel manufacturing company in Malaysia. It has several plants in Malaysia and China and
produce various downstream steel products such as angle steel, I–beam, and round bar. The key material to angle steel production is billets. When
operating at full efficiency, the annual capacity of the angle steel production is 10,000MT.
Current Issues
The Malaysian government's trade barrier on billets in order to protect the domestic billet producers has greatly affected the bottom lines of the
downstream steel manufacturing companies. The domestic billet price is 15–25% higher than the international billet price. On the other hand, the
government

Nucor Corporation Case Essays
Assignment #4: HRM Issues/Diversification Strategies: Nucor Corporation
Strategic Management, Business 599
Introduction In this paper, we will present an analysis of Nucor Corporation in Case # 10 (Arthur, Strickland, & John, 2010). The paper will discuss
the trends in steel industry and how it may impact Nucor's strategy. In addition, the paper will describe the organizational and management philosophy
at Nucor. Furthermore, the paper will identify 3 HRM issues related to strategy implementation and recommend actions to address these issues.
Recommendation whether a related or unrelated diversification should be used will also be discussed. Finally, we will be looking at Organizational
structure issues the company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
manufacturing GDP. The industry has undergone a major transformation since its recession during the late 1980s, investing in new process and
product technologies and closing older mills. Today's steel industry is technologically sophisticated, employing over 189,000 American production
workers in jobs paying about 55% above the average for all U.S. manufacturing. The United States is the largest steel producer in the world,
producing 112 million tons of raw steel in 2000, 12% of total world production. The industry has recently experienced large levels of imports because
of world steel overcapacity resulting from economic downturns in Asia. The industry's return on sales for the year 2000 was –2.8%.] Nucor's strategy
focused on two major competencies: building steel manufacturing facilities economically and operating them productively. The company's hallmarks
were continuous innovation, modern equipment, individualized customer service, and a commitment to producing high–quality steel and steel
products at competitive prices. Nucor was the first in the industry to adopt a number of new products and innovative processes, including thin–slab cast
steel, iron carbide, and the direct casting of stainless wire. Nucor's analysis will primarily focus on management's ability to allocate resources while
cutting costs and competing in international markets. The industry itself does not allow for product differentiation or immense

Nucor Corporation Case Analysis Essay
To: Dan DiMicco
From: McKensie Booth
Subject: Strategic Management
Date: 11/9/2010
Nucor Corporation Memo Response:
Per your request I have analyzed Nucor Corporation and the steel industry. After performing both strategic and financial analysis I offer my
recommendations.
Executive Summary:
Nucor Corporation was the most profitable steel producer in North America in both 2005 and 2006. It is regarded as a low–cost steel producer in the
United States, and one of the most efficient and technologically innovative steel producers in the world. Nucor is known for its aggressive pursuit of
innovation and technical excellence, rigorous quality systems, strong emphasis on employee relations and workforce productivity, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Product differentiation is also a major barrier to entry. Steel is not sold on its overall difference, but more commonly on price. Many manufacturers
utilize the same technologies and processes. Price wars are seen to minimize fixed costs, which mean there are few switching costs from one
manufacturer to another. There is very little brand loyalty in this industry, especially when it does not appeal to consumer loyalty or brand image.
Entrants must find ways to compete based on lower costs. Access to raw materials can also be a barrier. A lot of the time materials must be bought in
large quantities. There is no cost advantage associated with small material purchases, and that can directly increase the overall manufacturing costs.
This can make competition challenging in a market where margins are already very small. Government policy is not a huge threat of entry on the
domestic level, but at the international level the barriers become much larger. Well established relationships by larger steel manufacturers with
government allows for easy establishment of contracts in a foreign territory. Since most steel manufacturers must be globally competitive to maintain

profits government policy is a threatening entry barrier.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Strong The supply of raw materials can have a positive or negative effect on a cost strategy. Most of the steel used in
domestic manufacturing in the United States is imported. On

Market Structue Analysis Of The Steel Industry

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