View With A Grain Of Sand By Wislawa Szymborska

View With A Grain Of Sand By Wislawa Szymborska
Through the poem View with a Grain of Sand, Wislawa Szymborska satirises the attitude of humans and our unquestioning acceptance of the empirical
perspective in understanding our world. By adopting a wry and subtly humorous persona, she highlights her disparagement at humans' presumption of
self–superiority and dominance with regards to their surroundings. Exploring and analysing these concepts can provide us with a deeper understanding
and realisation of the destructive nature of this arrogant attitude, forcing us to reflect on the world around us and look at it from different perspectives.
Szymborska does this by questioning human conceptions of reality and revealing that the universe is not human–centric; instead we are a part of a wider
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She stimulates thought of our narrow and rooted perspective and our indifferent towards our surroundings. These ideas that Szymborska is trying to
raise is especially relevant to the modern world we live in today where humans are too self–involved and avaricious to contemplate over unnecessities
like our rudimentary perception of the world. Szymborska leaves subliminal messages for the reader to consider and elucidates presumptuous thinking
for them to question. After reading the poem, we are awakened from the monotones and controlled cycle we live in and left with a million brooding
questions. She invites us to broaden our perspective by revaluating our judgement of the importance of everything around us. This corresponds directly
with the success in the poems agenda to present us with a firmer and deeper appreciation of the things we deem so
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The Mechanisms Underlying Conscious Awareness
Introduction The mechanisms underlying conscious awareness and the exact nature of conscious experience still remain incomprehensible, despite
increasing attention paid to it within the last decades. Moreover, it seems that we are not aware of many of the things that we perceive and such
experiences have been termed as "unconscious". Many psychological experiments have tried to prove the existence of unconscious perceptual
processes by demonstrating that subjects are not consciously aware of stimuli, which nevertheless are perceived. A perception in the absence of
conscious experience is often referred to as subliminal perception. Peirce and Jastrow (1885) were first to suggest that even stimuli... Show more
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Dienes et al. (1995) have proposed "the zero correlation criterion" and "the guessing criterion" as tests for such conscious and unconscious
processing. When analysing using the zero criterion one assumes that any positive relationship between performance and awareness indicates some
conscious performance. The guessing criterion is used to assess the performance on those trials where participants claim to be guessing and if they
perform above chance, it could be concluded that their performance is based on knowledge they are not aware of having (unconscious knowledge).
Objective measures can show us whether someone correctly identified previously presented stimuli, but do not really tell us how stimuli were
experienced. Someone could chose a correct answer after consciously perceiving only part of stimulus (e.g., a straight vertical line of a square) if
this part triggered the relevant knowledge related to the shape containing this particular part. Subjective measures on the other hand can tell us a bit
more about the nature of our conscious experiences. Ramsoy and Overgaard (2004) in their study asked participants to create their own categories for
subjective reports of experienced stimuli. A scale with four categories describing how stimuli were experienced in terms of clarity was created. This
scale was called The

Perceptual Constancy Analysis
I honestly find this chapter a little hard to reflect upon without delving straight into objective–heavy information, but I was finally able to connect a
term to something most of us experience online as brain teasers. Perceptual constancy was defined in the text as the tendency to perceive objects as
relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information. Its relation to brain teasers is what the majority of people would perceive in a
picture versus what the minority that would see something different. Some of the tricks used in these pictures are taken from Gestalt's principles of
perceptual organization. I'm curious as to why the brain views proximity, similarity, closure, and continuity in a seemingly "common"perception

The Moral Dilemma Of By Stephen Covey
MANIPULATED PERCEPTION
Generalising, all of our physical senses are stored as subconscious memories – the people, objects (even apparitions and the supernatural), etc. which
may appear in our dreams are comprised of our knowledge of the external reality. Memory fragments are ubiquitous in all forms of cognitive
processing – stored memories enable the brain to construct mental content. As a result, an individual's perception will vary according to the memories
and knowledge accumulated by the physical senses since birth, and consequently, as Stephen Covey asserts: "We see the world, not as it is, but as we
are, or, as we are conditioned to see it."
"Inception" explores the moral dilemma of deceiving one's perception via inception – ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whilst in the second dream layer, the emotional trigger "I will create something for myself" examines the establishment of self–identity, further
underpinned by the utilisation of first–person and high modality. It accommodates Fischer's youth and abrupt inheritance of wealth and power while
targeting his emotional proclivity to aspiration and self–esteem. Finally, in the third dream layer, the emotional trigger "My father doesn't want me to
be him" targets Fischer's youthful impulses for self–worth and independence, and metaphorically implies an alternate pathway, unbound by familial
expectations. Fischer has chosen this permanent reality unconditionally and independently, albeit unwillingly, and this choice cannot be disputed.
Another example, but much more exaggerated, is epitomised by Mal's germination of a relative reality. The close–up shot of the safe with Mal's totem
locked inside (01:17:22) is symbolic of her repressed subconscious, in which she willingly chooses to literally and metaphorically conceal the object
which allows her to discern between reality and dreams – "A truth that she (Mal) had once known, but chose to forget." This permanent relative reality
which Mal has unconditionally and independently embraced has become an absolute reality.
Overall, Nolan demonstrates how germinating propagandistic "seeds" of ideas can be used to

The World Wide Web
We're able to get informations thanks to the internet, the wild network connecting millions of computers and other devices across the world. The
English computer scientist Tim Berners–Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989, after 20 years the first connection was established over what is
today as we known as the Internet. Although the internet has been around since the 1970, but it was the invention of the World Wide Webthat really
changed people's life.
There is a early film which the scenario designed based on web, many previous case exist for the idea that the real world is an illusion, and the
Matrixtrilogy is connected with specific references to philosophers who have interpreted this idea.
For example, The Greek philosopher ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this film, it is suggested that people should be free before they reach a certain age because there are also some people who will never be able to
accept the reality of the world.
The Matrix is another kind of reality that exists in itself. Despite its existence as a simulation, the actions people perform within the Matrix are
perceived by the mind as real. Thus, if you are removed by the Matrix, you will die in the real world as well because the mind perceives what occurs
within the Matrix as real.
The mind views that all things within the Matrix as real, and despite the fact that the characters have the ability to bend the laws of physics to perform
superhuman feats because they know that the Matrix is a simulation, they cannot defy the mind's perception of personal injury or death.
The Matrix also has connection with a philosophical question posed by French philosopher Rene Descartes. One of Descartes's important idea was
intellectual autonomy, or the ability to think for ourselves. He also indicates that we should not just having a "good mind", but also "applying it well".
Descartes realized that his sensory experiences did not always equal to the reality, he used the example of Wax to demonstrate how unreliable the
senses are: our perceptiveness allow us to know that a piece of wax has a specific smell,shape and texture. But these informations we received will all
change when the wax is got close to a flame.

Skepticism About The External World
Skepticism about the external world is one of the most widely discussed arguments in the history of philosophy. Barry Stroud defines skepticism as the
idea that we cannot have knowledge about the external world (Stroud, page 1). This conclusion is the result of Rene Descartes' Dream Argument and
has been a topic of discussion ever since. No matter how we attack the argument, it seems that we inevitably arrive at skepticism. In this paper, I will
argue that the skeptical conclusion is true and why it seems to be compelling as a necessary condition for knowledge. I will describe the Dream
Argument and take a look at Moore's promising response to the conclusion as an inconsistent proof. In the end, Moore's argument for evidence of an
external world will fail to disprove the skeptical conclusion due to its lack of justified belief. Although I am intuitively inclined to deny the skeptical
argument, I cannot logically do so but will argue against full–blown skepticism and explain how mild skepticism is a more approachable route to
knowledge. In our everyday conversation, we do not generally question the validity of small claims that we make during normal interactions. In
Meditation 1, Descartes decides that it is the right time to reevaluate the foundation of knowledge that he will rest his life upon from that point forward.
He puts in question the things that he thinks he knows for certain. He acknowledges that everything he knows has been perceived from the senses or
through

Do Animals Have Minds?
Humans have for centuries pondered on the mind, its existence, its beginning, it's limit, it's substance, and fought many different arguments against
them all. But how do we know if any animals have a mind? Is intelligence unique to humans? Professor Donald Griffin has pointed out that
"consciousness is not a tidy all–or–nothing entity, it varies with age, culture, experience and gender. And if animals have conscious experiences, these
presumably vary widely as well." If humans have minds, it must be possible that animals also have minds. And though no one would believe that
earthworms and earwigs have thought processes like our own, it has been proven that chimps share 98% of genome with humans. Chimps have also
shown that they can lie ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By saying this we would have to wonder why other animals have not also adapted to our level. What could be stopping them? If we are all made of
the same chemicals what has held the others back and why are we the only creatures to make it this far? There are many strong counter– arguments to
animals also having minds. We would have to wonder what else could be making the difference, and only by stepping totally out of a materialist view
and into a realm beyond science can we begin to figure this out. Rene Descartes through the Cartesian method of thinking from the very foundations of
what he was sure, established ultimately that he is thinking, that it is the only thing he is sure of. We can only be sure of what is self– evident. He
argues that 'the senses are not designed to give us knowledge at all, but are rather meant to help us move through the world in a very practical way'. So
can we be sure at all that animals have minds, as intellect may be the only truth and we can not communicate clearly enough with animals to know this?
Most animals rely on their senses rather than judgement (something tested by science in various tests on animals), something which Descartes believes
separates humans from animals. And if senses are not at all a help to the mind but a guide for the body to move through life in a practical way, animals
surely do not have minds, as they are lacking the ability to judge.
In evaluating these two arguments, I would

Marketing Plan For Grocery Markets
Introduction
There is an ongoing competition for grocery markets offering natural products for lower prices. Top competing grocery markets have followed trends to
lower prices, but this may become a problem in the future. Customers may be concerned with the high costs of products; consequently they perceive
these same products with lower values. According to BusinessDictionary.com, perceivedvalue "Is defined as a customer's opinion of a product's value
to him or her" (WWWebTek). Customers evenly matchprice with value. If the products cost is low the quality in the product will be perceived as a
lower quality. Perceived value may be seen as three of the following levels: not enough value with low price, customer's perceived value is ... Show
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The problem remains that we struggle to maintain a competitive advantage, when stores like Sprouts, Costco, and Trader Joes continually lowering
their prices meanwhile our prices remain the same. I propose a real and practical suggestion that will fix our continuous struggle against our intrusive
competitors, by improving our price perception.
Overview
Improving our price perception can fix our current conflict with our aggressive competitors in the market to sale natural foods. For a while our
company has been referred to as "The Whole Pay Check", because of our high prices for natural products (Npr.org). Unfortunately, we have been
perceived this way because of our prices and that is something we aim to change. We must focus on improving our price perception instead of
reducing our prices. As a company, "We recognize we need to move faster and go deeper to rebuild traffic and sales and create a solid foundation for
our long–term profitable growth, said Mackey, who was recently named one of the world 's best–performing CEOs by the Harvard Business Review"(
Austin Business Journal). Our goals for the future demands a new change that we should definitely accept this proposal to improve our price perception
rather than lowering our prices , which results in less growth and no competitive advantage.
Analysis
Our competitors also offer natural products, "And if everyone is offering organic food, and most are offering it at

The Theory Of Knowledge, Evans And Smith
In presenting their theory of knowledge, Evans and Smith refer to the account of 'proper functioning ' as put forth by Alvin Plantinga. This account is
foundational in the development of their own theory, specifically in regards to their conceptual dissection of what constitutes warrant. However,
Plantinga 's account of proper functioning supposes a theistic element that generates a discomfort in Evans and Smith, such that their own theory of
knowledge tries for a secular, or naturalistic, procedure of understanding proper functions; their desiderata are thus sustainable not by virtue of the
existence of a supernatural creator, but via the basic principles of natural selection. In taking this stance, Evans and Smith discover themselves ... Show
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Previous accounts of warrant have mishandled proper function, but also: thought–experiments in which it is generally agreed that warrant has not been
achieved can be explained, in some manner, by cognitive malfunction. Proper function can be simply understood, in the general sense, as how
something ought to work, should it be working correctly. The bird 's wing should function in a manner that gives it the ability to fly, as should the
heart function by pumping blood. A broken wing that cannot be used to fly and a heart that does not pump blood are thus both functioning
improperly. Similarly, if we are to have warranted beliefs, we require our cognitive equipment to be functioning in the proper manner. If we believe
we see a red table in front of us, in order to be warranted in that belief our eyes must be functioning properly, and all of the parts of our brain
concerned with the cognitive processing and realization of this fact must themselves also be functioning properly. Now, it may be considered that
someone is very much justified in believing that there is a red table, but unbeknownst to themselves, the red table is the mere product of a very strong
and irresistible hallucination. In this case they would not have a warranted belief, as their cognitive apparatus is behaving inappropriately; the processes

Subliminal Advertising Has Made A Big Increase Of The Sale...
Has the thought of being brainwashed ever occurred, well as a matter of fact, every day we are exposed to a form of this act just by the switch to
your TV, radio, or the flip of a magazine, even just taking a trip to the local grocery store as you pass by billboards. Being completely unaware can be
quite atrocious, but no harm is done to our mentality. Subliminal advertising has made a big increase of the sale production; they consist of stimulus
that pertains to our society's interest that will persuade our subconscious mind. Being used as a deceptive business practice, flashing stimulus to the rate
our own conscious mind is unable to perceive, permitting us from using our choice of free will and conscious decisions, therefore, the advertisers are
manipulating consumers to buy their product, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has prohibited the conspiracy of subliminal advertising
making this form of promotion illegal, however, since the subliminals are intended to approach us below our level of perception, this issue makes it
more technical illegal, so there are still plenty of subliminal advertisements being viewed today. In the summer of 1957; researcher James Vicary
proposed an experiment in the theater of New York. Vicary installed a tachistoscope inside the theatre booth flashing messages every five seconds,
"Drink Coka–Cola" and "Eat Popcorn" for 1/3000th of a second across the advertisement. While observing his experiment, he claimed the sale of his

Celebrity Endorsement Marketing Campaigns
Iba 550
October 20, 2008
Celebrity Endorsement Marketing Campaigns
Celebrity endorsement is a billion dollar industries today (Kambitsis et al., 2002) with companies signing deals with celebrities hoping that they can
help them stand out from the clutter and give them a unique and relevant position in the mind of the consumer. According to Solomon (2002), the
reasons for using celebrity endorsement involves its potential to create awareness, positive feelings towards their advertising and brand. Research has
shown that celebrity endorsement can have an impact on the consumer's attention, recall, evaluations and purchase intentions (Atkin and Block, 1993),
Celebrity endorsement is a widely used tactic in marketing and much research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Self image has been research in the context of celebrity endorsement, and established that it is an important factor in marketing (Fortini–Cambell,
1992). Some of the respondents told stories of how they were influenced by celebrity endorsement when they were younger. One person referenced
Michael Jordan and his endorsement of the Nike shoes. This reflects self image when considering what to buy and what influenced them. It also
reflects a need to be different as well as the same time identify with a group of people. Apparently this can go both ways. If one product gets too
popular among a certain group it can actually make others choose another product even though they like it. Companies may also use celebrities to try
to control or manipulate the consumer into buying the endorsed product. This may have a negative impact, as consumers may view the celebrities as
being puppets for the company. Companies are using celebrities to influence the consumers' behavior in a certain direction, at the same time the
consumer often may perceive the celebrity to by lying when indorsing certain products. For example, many a celebrity has been photographed while
enjoying a cold Pepsi much to the dismay of the marketing department for Coke that they are promoting. The celebrity is no longer perceived as
genuine and may loss

Essay on Figure Ground
Graduate Faculty Psychology Bulletin Volume 2, No. 2, 2004 Examining the Effect of Subliminal Priming on Ambiguous Figure Perception Misa
Tsuruta, M.A.1 Abstract ~ Figure–ground organization is a kind of perceptual organization that has been studied in Gestalt psychology. Ambiguous
/reversible figures can evoke two different percepts. When we see ambiguous figures, sooner or later our perceptual system determines one side that
stands out as the figure, while the other side forms the ground and becomes shapeless. Subjects were subliminally trained with the half–figures of the
target 1: Department of Psychology, Graduate Faculty, New School University, New York, USA An extended version of this paper served as partial
fullfillment for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The phenomenon that a single stimulus elicits two percepts or interpretations has been attributed to various possible causes. These include satiation
or neural fatigue, eye movement, preference for novelty, and availability (Rock & Mitchener, 1992; Horlitz & O'Leary, 1993; Long & Olszweski,
1999). Some argue that there is an effect of instruction or the possibility of voluntary control of reversals. Rock and Mitchener (1992) reported that
subjects who were not informed of the possibility of reversal failed to perceive reversals. Toppino (2003) examined the effect of intentional control
over the reversal of figures and found out that it was possible for observers to intentionally control (i.e. hold one percept) the reversal to some limited
extent. In this case, top–down influence may be involved in the perceptual processes. Traditionally, it has been said that perceptual organization and
figure–ground organization occured very early in the perceptual processes and are automatic. One of the reasons for this is that it has been considered
a pre–attentive process (Neisser, 1967; Vecera, Flevaris, & Filapek, 2004). Peterson (1999) argued that figure–ground organization took place before
object recognition. GFPB: 2004 – Vol. 2, No. 2 76 Effect of Subliminal Priming She demonstrated the possible mediation by meaning by comparing the
reactions to inverted figures and those to canonical figures.

Origin Of Subliminal Advertising
Origin and Development of Subliminal Advertising
The sublingual advertising is actually traced to the year 1957 when the words "eat popcorn" and "Drink Coca–Cola" into a movie. This was introduced
by James Vicary in what was meant to be just a trial and error thing to see if the subliminal mind could actually be able to recognize the words. It is
actually stated that the words appeared a single frame and it was long enough for the subconscious to pick up but at the same time, it was too short
for the viewer to be aware of it. It was later stated that the subliminal ads actually increased Coke sales by about by about 57.8 percent (Samuel pg.,
104). This has certainly had a huge impact on the manner in which some of the people craft some of the decisions with the regards to advertising. It was
later discovered that Vicary's experiments were actually a hoax hence no one should actually follow it. It was later discovered that even though this
manner of ads has impacted it is clear that its effects certainly small. After being one of the most talked about things, it has been evident that most of
the people have actually been subjected to what is termed as the new range of the adverts when the people are actually where that it has no much
impact. There has been a huge debate on whether this advertising approach is cost–effective with its relation to the return on investment ply (Samuel
pg., 109). Despite this, it has been clear that there are various aspects of subliminal

Marketing Analysis : Coca Cola
Coca–Cola Statement "Over a century of sweet tasting beverages with family and friends." The positioning statement of Coca–Cola needs to project
the image in the minds of their existing consumers, as well as potential new consumers, the history of Coca–Cola being a competing global brand in the
beverage industry and the association of the brand with fun times such as social events, parties, family activities, etc. According to Kotler and Keller
(2016), positioning "is the act of designing a company 's offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target market." There are
factors that must be taken into account to produce an effective positioning statement that will attract the attention of the targeted market... Show more
It 's one of the most fundamental pillars of marketing. Association also plays a very critical role in the creation of a positioning statement: the statement
must associate with the needs of consumers in the present, and at the same time show the potential of growth in meeting the wants or needs of
consumers that will arise in the future. "A good positioning has one foot in the present and one in the future. It needs to be somewhat aspirational so
the brand has room to grow and improve (Kotler & Keller, 2016)." As mentioned previously, the ability to associate the qualities of the brand with the
cultural dimensions of the targeted market, itself, leads to a successful endeavor of positioning the brand in the minds of the global consumers.
Therefore, the statement must adhere to these cultural dimensions in order to establish relationships between the offerings of the brand and the
solutions the targeted consumer market is seeking , in order to increase the attractiveness of the brand. The brand statement must market to the culture
of their target in order to attract the segment. In order for Coca–Cola to achieve a dominant global brand positioning, the first step is to have the
statement appeal to or associate itself with the cultural dimensions of the local, foreign and global markets. According to Alden, Steenkamp and Batra

How Does Reality Affect Perception?
Two people are in a room having a conversation. While both of these people were fully involve in the conversation and paying close attention, both
will leave the conversation with slightly different perceptions. They will have different feelings about what was said, will remember different parts of
the conversation and will have different attitudes. This is because while both people were experiencing the same situation, their reality was different.
Reality is objective because people are primed differently and have different life experiences that will cause them to perceive the situation differently.
A person's reality can be affected by priming. They are impacted by subliminal messages every day, which subconsciously affects the choices they

A Natural History Of The Senses By Diane Ackerman
A Natural History of the senses by Diane Ackerman is a book in which the human senses are studied and explained via many concise subdivisions.
Touch is the second part of the book, which offers an interesting perception of what compose touch. As an important aspect to understanding its
functions,and by summarizing the chapter, it will provide a global view of what to expect. The feeling bubble is one of the subdivisions of the
touch. In this subdivision, the skin is the main subject and is mainly seen as a biological aspect. In order to introduce us to her thoughts, the author
compares the skin to a spacesuit. Likewise, she describes how the skin is part of our identity, along with the biological benefits brought to our body.
Followed by many different examples she explains why, according to many researchers, the skin is an important organ and how impressive it is. She
focuses on the real story of two little boys. In the end, she exposes the risks to which our skin is exposed throughout its life. Speaking of touch is a
small subdivision of touch where... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kissing, though, is not only the trigger of desire or a romantic symbol. Kissing can be used to capture emotions or to greet someone. In addition,
parents kiss their child's finger after it has been hurt, some kiss fingers as a farewell, and many even kiss a religious symbol or statue. Some
African cultures and tribes are not as comfortable with kisses as Westerners, and some have their lips mutilated, decorated or pierced and do not kiss
one another. Diane Ackerman believes that the habit of kissing evolved years ago with the act of smelling someone's face. She also provides many
examples of "kissing" in English literature, in the Middle Ages and in foreign

Ox Tongue River Essay
I was a boy on the precipice of becoming a man when I canoed the Ox Tongue River. It was my final summer going to the Catholic camp, nestled on
the peninsula jutting out into Lake Joseph, deep in the Ontario Muskoka's. It was the summer I was sixteen, finally old enough to go on the annual
canoe trip to Algonquin Park. The trip that turns the boys into the men. For years, I was told that this trip would change me, mold me into the good
Catholic man I was desperately trying to be. This trip would prove transformative, but not in the way prophesized. Alone on the Ox Tongue River,
paddling the thick watery artery into the heart of Algonquin, I found my identity. Mymind became clear as the sun burned my face, and I made peace
with myself, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Or, perhaps, this is the chili fries from the rest stop reacting poorly? I stay calm, put my head between my knees. Breathe. Look out the window, see
the water flowing in the streams beyond the trees. Breathe. Open the window and smell the freshness of August dried pine and water. Breathe. Close
my eyes; I 'll be there soon.
~ ~ ~
In Davida Monk's essay, Dancing Outdoors, she talks about the "Thrill of limitless space" (Monk, 2002, p. 232), and how her "body loosed a
surprising spontaneous dance. Naively apprehending the landscape" (2002, p. 232), and sunk down in the coulee, Monk experienced a full body
feeling of freedom. Her mind expanded and her limbs became her eyes exploring and analyzing the landscape. The land around her attached itself to
her bones and willed her to experience and interpret the landscape differently. The "space is engaged... summoned into an exchange in a way that
supports movement and groundedness while it hones the sense of direction" (Monk, 2002, p. 231). As my bare feet touched the sandy bank of that
river, my young soul felt the pull of the environmental possession. Weight began to sit on my chest.
~ ~ ~
My toes sink deep into the sand and my arms skim the water as I push my canoe into the river. The other boys wanted to canoe in groups of two. I am
the odd man out and take the equipment to even out the weight. I don't mind canoeing alone. When I am in nature, I like to be quiet. I like to sit

Psychology Is The Scientific Study Of Human Brain And Its...
Psychology is the scientific study of human brain and its characteristics, especially the functions that drives our behaviour (Colman, 1999). It is a type
of study which emerged in the nineteenth century and struggled in the first period to find the appropriate issues of a human to study. To be more
precise, firstly, the study was focused with determining the unconscious behaviour of human which later transformed into analysing the behaviour of
humans and animals due to the influence of the environment. Later on, from 1950s onwards, the perspectives of psychology is determined in three
aspects, that are, humanistic, cognitive and biological (Colman, 1999). The first one deals with the sole features of the experience of humans as they
are free to think and choose their activity in their own way which are fundamentally different from animals. The cognitive approach thinks with the
thoughts and mental processes of humans– how they acquire, store and receive information from the outside world. The last one is about the biological
setting of humans and animals, which means to perceive physical functions of the thoughts and processes portrayed through various bodily structures
and biochemical processes. From the above introduction, it is clear that psychology offers a vast area of study presently, however, this question
specifically asks about the mental progression of humans– that is the sensation and perception which drives them to behave in several ways. Therefore,
the answer

Use Of Psychological Manipulation And Cognitive Abilities...
The use of psychological manipulation and cognitive abilities in advertisements is a common way of improving brand image and consumer loyalty in
the market. Some techniques are currently employed to this end, including conscious and subliminal priming. Priming is the manipulation of past
exposure and the acquired stimuli to influence later impulsive consumption patterns in consumers. However, the impact of priming remains unclear
especially if the existing two methods are used in isolation with increasing product knowledge. The nature of the ad can also be self–praising or
competitive shaming within the market. The impact of either of the two when priming is done in advertisements is less known. In this study, therefore,
the effects of conscious and subliminal priming on the consumer behavior and brand loyalty when the message is self–praise or competitive shaming
will be investigated. Determination of the implications of the different approaches on the behavior of consumers and loyalty is critical in influencing the
advertising strategies for firms.
Literature Review
Priming is a technique with psychological merits that has been used to influence the response of people to different stimuli. In marketing, the approach
is used through the introduction of words and deeds that affect memory, schema, stereotypes and even the attitude of the people and subsequently shape
opinion towards goods. Pioneer studies on priming showed that consumer behavior associated with prestige

Gestalt Psychology and Perception
Gestalt psychology was founded by German thinkers Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka. They mainly focused on how people
interpret the world around them. The Gestalt perspective formed partially as a response to the structuralism of Wilhelm Wundt, who focused on
breaking down mental events and experiences to the smallest elements. Structuralists had failed in explaining the concept of 'apparent motion' and
'illusory contours'.
Gestalt psychologists further recognized that structuralism could not explain many perceptual phenomena. In response, they proposed that perception is
based on the organization of stimuli into holistic and meaningful forms. They are well–known for the phrase "the whole is different than the sum of its
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They assumed that, 'the whole is more than its sum of its parts'. This explains that what is perceived has its own new properties that emerge from the
organization that takes place. Organization in perception partially explains our perception of complex patterns as unitary form or objects. We see
objects as objects only because grouping processes operate in perception.
Our perceptual experiences are filled with groups and patterns of stimuli, which are labeled as objects. The way the objects are perceived by people,
comes into our awareness as shapes and patterns. Therefore they tend to organize sensory inputs into perception of simple patterns or objects. The
reason for this is that, people do not ordinarily perceive the world around them as patches of colour, variation in brightness or through sounds, but
perception of objects are due to learning.
Therefore, Gestalt psychologist has extensively studied the organizing tendencies in perception. They have given meaningful existence of such
tendencies to strengthen their argument that the perceived world is not just the scene of simple sensory experiences. The principle that helps to
explain how objects are organized and perceived includes the following:
4.1 LAW OF SIMILARITY
According to Gestalt psychology, perception is about what happens to information as we process it, not just about the information itself. The law of

Perception; Subliminal and Supraliminal Perception
PERCEPTION;
Subliminal Perception and Supraliminal Perception
Kimberlene A. Catalan
BSA 1–8
INTRODUCTION Imagine you are watching a group of Hawaiian women dancing to soft and filling ukulele music. Your Hawaiian friend, watching
with you, exclaimed, "What a beautiful story!" You keep staring but neither see nor hear any story. You merely hear a pleasant melody and see some
women waving their arms and wiggling. As your friend explains the meaning of each dance movements you begin to recognize a charming story about
the wind. Obviously, the dancers never change their dance movements. Why did yourperception of the Hawaiian dancers change? This is what you
called perception. You perceive sensory inputs giving a meaningful... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information from the outside world comes through our senses. The information is then interpreted, and this interpretation gives meaning to what is
sensed. For example, when you hear your alarm clock, the actual sound you hear is the sensation. How you construe the meaning of the alarm is your
interpretation. If it is 7 a.m. on a weekday, you would probably interpret the alarm as a signal to get moving and begin the day. However, the same
alarm may have a different meaning on a holiday. You might perceive yourself as an absurd for setting the alarm, or you might snicker at the alarm and
roll over. In both instances, the sensation (the ring) was the same, but your interpretation changed because of other factors.
The process of interpreting or giving meaning to the stimulus received by the senses. The stimulus energy

Perceptual Form Organization
Week 4 – Chapter 4 Review
1. Your visual receptors have begun to receive, translate, and transmit the contours of the letters on this exam to your brain. You are therefore engaged
in the process of _____.
a) selection
b) organization
c) reading
d) sensation x
2. The key functions of sensation and perception are respectively: _____.
a) stimulation and transduction
b) transmission and coding
c) detection and interpretation
d) interpretation and transmission
3. When you first put your clothes on this morning you felt them on your skin, but within minutes you no longer noticed them. This is an example of
_____.
a) sensory accommodation
b) sensory adaptation x
c) habituation
d) the fabric of your life
4. Pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a) is presented during a person 's motivational need state
b) manipulates people without their knowing about it
c) is presented below the threshold of a person 's conscious awareness
d) none of these options

11. Experiments on subliminal perception have _____.
a) supported the existence of the phenomenon, but it has little or no effect on persuasion
b) shown that subliminal perception occurs only among children and some adolescents
c) shown that subliminal messsages affect only people who are highly suggestible
d) failed to support the phenomenon
12. Your aiblity to raed thsi sntenece desipte its mnay mssipllengis is deu to ____.
a) bottom–up processing
b) integration
c) top–down processing
d) cognitive flexibility
13. Naomi and Karl have been corresponding over the internet. Karl wants her to attach a photograph of herself to her next message. Naomi wants Karl
to find her attractive. Which of the following factors explains why she should send him a picture of herself alone, rather than one that includes her truly
gorgeous roommate standing next to her?
a) personal motivation
b) expectation
c) frame of reference
d) all of these options
14. Why do so many people belive in ESP, despite evidence to the contrary?
a) Their interests affect their perceptions.
b) They selectively attend to supportive data.
c) Strong emotional responses are generated.
d) all of the above
15. Which perceptual principle of organization suggests

The Effect Of An Auditory Signals On One's Perception Of...
In this article, the researchers studied the effect of an auditory signal on one's perception of eye gaze. They mention that people are born with the ability
to differentiate between direct and adverted gaze, and this ability becomes increasingly important throughout adulthood. Another important social signal
involves a person's auditory system. In infancy, children become sensitive to hearing their own name. This auditory signal often occurs at the same time
as direct eye contact. The researchers in this study were trying to determine the correlation between someone hearing his/her own name and that person's
perception of the speaker's gaze. The article mentioned earlier studies have shown that a person's gaze tends to gravitate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There were 6 males and 11 females with a mean age of 24.8 years and a standard deviation of 5.03 years. They used gray–scale photographs with
neutral expressions, and altered the position of the iris by increments of 1 pixel per image. This created the seven gaze deviations, including:
direct gaze and gaze shifts (to both the left and right) of 4, 7, and 10 pixels. For the auditory stimuli, the researchers used recordings of four male
speakers who would either say the participant's actual name or a control name. For the experiment, the researchers placed a monitor in front of the
participants and performed 256 randomly presented trials (64 trials represented at direct gaze and 64 trials for each of the three gaze deviations).
Each trial started with a central fixation cross on the screen between 500 and 1,750 ms. A variable interval approach was used in order to make sure
the participants did not expect the stimuli. After the cross, the participant were shown a face for 600 ms, and they heard a name through headphones.
They were given a 2,000 ms interval to press a button, reporting if they perceived the gaze of the face to be looking to the left, right, or directly at them.
Result
After the experiment, the researchers calculated the range of gaze deviations for the two conditions, own–name and other–name. They called these
ranges

Stereotypes Of Perception
In today's quick society, people often base their idea of who someone is without any actual information about the person. Most times it is done in order
to 'save time' – therefore causing people to create ideas about who a person is. It is not uncommon for people to jump to conclusions based off their
personal experience and that can shape how they perceive the world around them. It causes some to stereotype people based on what their appearance
may be, how they speak, or their posture. Within these situations, people may have been primed early on in life so they may not take the time to work
past those assumptions about what they perceive. However, because people may have experienced certain things in life, their perception of a situation ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A woman, the majority of the time does not want to see herself as being dependant on those around her, but instead being an independant capable
person, but because of how some cultures have placed a stereotype on what gender 'should' be – people may still slide into using a stereotype about a
woman by how they perceive a woman from their culture. People can be biased to treat women in a different manner by what they may perceive the
woman would expect, even if that said woman is not what that person would usually stereotypically think a woman is. In some communities holding
the door for a woman is something that men do – and when people play into that idea and perception of what is the 'right' thing to do, they may be
surprised when the woman is upset by a man holding a door for her, which could cause an upset with the man. In this situation the woman may see
herself as not needing any assistance to open a door, but the man may have been raised that when he was around women then he was to open doors.
His perception of reality was different than the woman's, and then could cause his stereotype of women needing help opening doors to be questioned.
However, there are moments when the woman does not react in a negative way, wherein

Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy
In Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes does and experiment with wax to try to prove that things actually exist in this world.
This essay is going to prove how we can tell that things actually exist and what can perceive the wax. Rene Descartes starts off with a description of
the wax so he can prove to us the changes that will happen throughout his experiment.
"Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from the honeycomb; it has not yet lost all the honey flavor. It retains
some of the scent of the flowers from which it was collected. Its color, shape, and size are manifest. It is hard and cold; it is easy to touch. If you rap
on it with your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He then tells us his final perspective on how he perceives the wax. "It remains then for me to concede that I do not grasp what this wax is through the
imagination; rather, I perceive it through the mind alone." (Descartes, 22) He ends his argument on how he perceives the wax with telling us that it is
not our imagination that grasps all of the perceptions of the wax, but the mind that does it. Rene Descartes just proved to us that our imagination
is not able to grasp all of the perceptions of the wax but the mind is. After proving that theory he suddenly starts to doubt his proof. "But meanwhile
I marvel at how prone my mind is to errors." (Descartes, 22) He states that his mind is prone to making errors. For example; "For we say we see
the wax itself, if it is present, and not that we judge it to be present from its color or shape." (Descartes, 22) He thinks a mistake our minds make is
when we judge that it is wax by just looking at it and not paying any attention to any of the forms. For this reason he is claiming that he still is not
sure that the mind can actually perceive the wax due to it making mistakes. Back to what Rene Descartes said earlier about the imagination not being
able to grasp all of what we need to perceive about the wax. He told us the imagination was unable to grasp it all but now

Is Subliminal Advertising Effective? Essay
Is Subliminal Advertising Effective?
The average American views an average of 1500 ads every single day! Did you know that some of these ads have hidden pictures, words, or even
sound inside of them? These hidden things are called subliminal messages. When used correctly, these hidden messages have been proven to persuade
us to do certain things.
What are Subliminal Messages?
Subliminal messages are things that are stored inside of our subconscious. They are known as are hidden messages because we have no knowledge of
the things inside our subconscious.
The subconscious is one part of our brain. We are not aware of the things inside our subconscious part. However, our subconscious remembers every
single detail of every single ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soon, television and radio stations started using this technique. Then people started to question Vicary's results because some people say he did not
properly document his experiment.
Lloyd H. Silverman then tested the effects of subliminal messages on people with depression problems. He had one group of these people look at a
picture while he quickly and repeatedly flashed the words "Destroy Mother" on top of the picture. The second group looked at the same picture with
the words "People Thinking" on top of the picture. Neither of the groups actually noticed the words that flashed over their pictures. Afterwards the first
group became more depressed while the second groups depression remained the same.
Silverman found that the subliminal messages he showed these people only lasted for a short period of time. He also found that the hidden messages
did not affect people that had no interest. For example when Vicary flashed "Drink Coca–Cola" on the movie screen, someone that hated coca–cola
would not even think about it.
Subliminal Messages and the Media
Advertisers still use subliminal messages today. The most common types of subliminal messages that are displayed today represent sex and power.

Studies have shown several huge companies currently use subliminal messages in their ads, movies, cartoons, music, and television shows.
Television is currently the main source of subliminal messages. These messages are done the same way

Subliminal perception Essay
Deceiving Messages
When we think about subliminal perception we usually think of a big publicity stunt for a company. What many people don't know is that subliminal
perception can really be effective. Any person might say, "Naw, I can't fall for that I'm not stupid enough to fall into theirtrap." For most other cases
subliminal perception will attack a person in their sub–conscious state of mind. In one form or anther, subliminal perception takes many forms. It could
be presented in an audio, visual, and in the most likely places we don't tend to find subliminal perception.
What is subliminal perception? Messages, that are either visual or audio, that are below a persons ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By having the famous athlete on the box their sales increase.
All advertisements deliver something hidden. An example that John A. Bargh states:
The Microsoft ad [...] hopes that the subliminal image if the Bill of Rights will activate the viewers concepts of the dangers of government interference
in the private sector, and that those concepts will influence viewers opinions about Microsoft and its products (par 10).
These subliminal messages have more than one purpose for Microsoft. Microsoft, being the grand and powerful corporation that it is, wants to not only
promote the government from interfering, but also want to sell a few products while they're at it.
One needs to observe closely to find the real meaning of the message. At times it can be positive or negative and it can even have no real purpose.
Some people may see it some may not. Because after all "subliminal thresholds are not universal"(Vaidyanathan par. 3).
The most popular places we tend to see visual perception are in our every day lives. The billboard we see day after day on the freeway does not
change. A driver never really has time to stare and read what it has to say, but if a person saw that same billboard for a long period of time the person
could have picked up piece by piece on what the billboard had to say. Continuing with the billboard

John Locke : Human Knowledge And Ideas
In this paper, I want to examine how philosophers, especially John Locke from his book Essay Concerning Human Understanding, understand
human knowledge and ideas. We have all had experience of being unsure or mistaken about something: you think it 's Wednesday when it is actually
Thursday; you wonder whether he was wearing a red shirt or yellow yesterday. Sceptics argue that it is impossible to be certain about anything,
arguing that if we can be deceived about such simple things, who can say that we are not mistaken more often than we think? On the other side of the
discussion, various groups of philosophers have tried to prove that certainty is possible. Questions have been raised with regard to what is knowledge
and can it be defined? What might have made us doubt our knowledge? Is it possible to justify our knowledge with experience?
Some hold that certain principles and ideas were innate as they are present in all human minds. For instance, Descartes claims that mathematics is
"certain and indubitable." He stated that "whether I am awake or asleep, two plus three makes five, and a square has only four sides. " The point also
holds for other ideas, such as the idea of God that he exists, is good and all–powerful. Yet Descartes ' view is questionable: if mathematical ideas were
innate, wouldn 't we already know the answers to complicated sums? Wouldn 't math study be unnecessary, as such knowledge is born with us? If
ideas such as "God exists" are innate, why doesn 't

How Patanjali Is Considered A Divine Messenger
Upanishadic wisdom converged on a shared belief in a universal law that guided the abiding presence of religious and metaphysical forces in the lives
of individuals and of the collective destiny of all things in the universe. The Upanishadic teachings help us to understand how yoga evolved.
Patanjali is historically understood to have been a divine messenger, born some time between 500 BC and 200 BC. The dates are uncertain to this
day as the lives of the great sages and mystics were not measured according to modern calendars, but rather, were imbued by the living oral traditions
that defined Upanishadic wisdom and knowledge. Some traditions held that Pantanjali was not born of mother and father but was rather the
incarnation of the god Adiesea. Adisesa is a great king cobra whose body is the seal of the godVishnu. The legend continues that the god Shiva, the
king of dance, invited Vishnu and other deities to see his famous dance, Tandava Nritya. As Shiva danced, Vishnu immersed his ownconsciousness in
the moment. His physical being undulated in rhythm with the graceful movements of Shiva. During the performance of the dance, Vishnu was seated
on Adisesa, the great cobra. The cobra became short of breath under Vishnu's weight, which seemed to increase with his enrapturement in the dance.
The great cobra began to gasp for air. At the end of the dance, Adesisa immediately felt release from the heavy pressure of Vishnu's body. Adesisa
asked Vishnu, "How could it be

Subliminal Perception Essay
Subliminal Perception
Subliminal Perception is a signal or message embedded in another object, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception. These messages are
indiscernible by the conscious mind, but allegedly affect the subconscious or deeper mind. Subliminal techniques have occasionally been used in
advertising, but the purpose, effectiveness and frequency of such techniques is debated. It is proven though that stimulation below the level of a
person's conscious awareness can be shown to have on some aspects of behavior. Following my research regarding, subliminal perception, I came to the
conclusion that it is used in advertising, but I am not sure to what extent. Companies such as KFC and McDonald's use ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the majority of beer and alcohol ads prominently feature attractive women, naturally leading to a unconditioned response. Classical
conditioning is also used by well–known brands, in which a uncconditioned stimulus might consist with a well–known brand symbol that implies
products that have certain qualities. The print advertisement that I chose for classical conditioning is from Geico. The Strong brand symbol of the
Geico Gecko did not happen over night, but through strong marketing campaigns supported by repetition, The Gecko has become a household symbol.
Sensory Perception:
Sensory perception is defined as, "The immediate response of our sensory receptors (eyes, ears, nose, mouth & fingers) to the basic stimuli such as
light, color, sound, odor & texture. Formed with the process by which people select, organize and interpret these sensations." Understanding the role
that the touch, taste, smell and sight play in marketing is important. It is our senses that interpret information and give us meaning to what objects are
around us.
Smell:
Scent marketing is taking interesting turns as manufacturers and marketers find innovative ways to put scents into products.
The print work I chose to exemplify the smell perception is Air Wick. This particular advertisement, although it is smaller than the average size, it
offers a wide array of sensory stimuli. While the print

A Natural History Of The Senses By Diane Ackerman
A Natural History of the senses by Diane Ackerman is a book in which the human senses are studied and explained via many concise subdivisions.
Touch is the second part of the book, which offers an interesting perception of what compose touch. As an important aspect of understanding its
functions, and by summarizing the chapter, it will provide a global view of what to expect.
The feeling bubble is one of the subdivisions of touch. In this subdivision, the skin is the main subject and will be seen mostly in a biological way.
The author compares the skin to a space suit to introduce us to her thought about it. After, she writes mostly about how the skin is part of our identity
and will give some biological aspects like the vitamins it produces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author questions how and why our body integrally responds differently to various environments. Dr. Ackerman explains that the human body has a
lot of mystery left for researchers and scientist to involve. Ackerman shares her incertitude towards the myth of freezing the dead, but wonders if there
would be different options that would allow people to come back to life in a different era. Equally important the author briefly exposes the differences
between the human and animal body and why both species react differently against different events. She then approaches the animal and insects body
topic and how they evolve as the season and temperature change over

Hume's and Anscombe's View on Causation
In this paper I discuss both Hume's and Anscombe's view on causation. I begin with Hume and his regularity theory; then I move onto Anscombe
where I provide a rebuttal of Hume's regularity theory, and later I explain how Hume would respond to Anscombe's objection to Hume's regularity
theory. Hume's notion of causation is his regularity theory. Hume explains his regularity theory in two ways: (1) "we may define a cause to be an
object, followed by another, and where all the objects similar to the first are followed by objects similar to the second" (2) "if the first object had not
been, the second never had existed." Hume defines causation in terms of natural necessity and explains natural necessity as follows: of two events, if
event A... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case Hume would argue that it is because it was event A' and not event A, because if it were event A then event B would have happened,
but because event B' happened then it must be that it was event A'. On the other hand, Anscombe disagrees with Hume, and believes that we can,
and do observe causation. Anscombe uses examples of crushing, chewing, pushing, and such to illustrate that we do perceive causation. For
example, if person A holds a sheet of paper in their hand, and then begins to crush the sheet of paper, and then later we see the sheet of paper
crumbled; Anscombe argues that this is enough evidence to show that we do perceive causation, because we can see the causing of the sheet of
paper to crumble. Another example is of person A cutting a sheet of paper; Anscombe would argue that it is evident that we observe the causing of
the sheet of paper be divided. In addition, Ansombe add that we can perceive causation by tracing an effect to its cause. For example, of the cutting of
a sheet of paper by person A, one can traced the effect (sheet of paper cut in half) to its cause (person A cutting the sheet of paper). Therefore,
Anscombe claims that we do perceive causation. Anscombe believes that this evidence is sufficient to prove that we not only perceive "contiguity" and
"succession" of events, but the cause of events. From Hume's regularity theory,

What Is Intuition, And Can You Cultivate It? Essay
What is Intuition, and can you cultivate it? Part One
The subject of these articles will be "intuition". So first let 's look at a definition of intuition: Intuition definition: 1– immediate apprehension by the
mind without reasoning, 2– immediate apprehension by a sense.
Now if we examine these two definitions we can see that they are self–contradictory. The first says intuition occurs "without reasoning" yet the second
definition says "by a sense".
So, which is it? Because if intuition begins with a (sense) as in the # 2 definition, then the assertion here is that we have some 'sensory capacity ' to be
'intuitive '.
However, sensory data needs processing to be used.
Hence, that processing is 'reasoning ' on some level (even if it is on a sub–conscious level). So we have the apparent contradiction between definition
#2 and definition #1. Because definition # 1 says intuition is "without reason".
It seems that intuition is inherently hard to define. But consider what a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court said about what was legally 'pornography
'. The judge said, "I can 't define it, but I know it when I see it".
So, in regard to our intuition, do we know it when we have experienced it? Do we recognize when "intuition" has been a factor in our behaviors, our
choices or our actions?
Let me relate a personal experience here that helps expand on this thought.
About 16 years ago I was teaching a RMCAT style, scenario based self–defense class with the armored

Organizational Behavior : An Organization
Organizational Behavior Scenario Applications
It takes a team to run a successful organization. Managers all around are focusing on improving employee morale in the workplace because without
dedicated and motivated employees, companies could not be successful. Managers that are running prosperous companies have the knowledge of
Organizational Behavior. Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organizations. Organizational Behavior
influences employees motivation to complete necessary work tasks and contribute to an organization's goals. The best way to understand
Organizational Behavior is through it's use in real work scenarios. Consider a college student seeking their first professional job and ... Show more
Within Organizational Behavior one can gain a better understanding of specific traits/selling points for interviews by aligning them with personality
measures as described by the CANOE or MBTI model. The Five–Factor model, also known as CANOE, provides five different personality indicators
as predictors of work performance: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extroversion. The Myers–Briggs Type
Indicator, or MBTI, categorizes personality types using four different components: how a person gains energy, perceives information, makes decisions,
and their attitude towards the outside world. A student who chooses to apply for a job post which states, "we [the company] are seeking a detail
orientated, positive self–starter," can use either CANOE or the MBTI model to display that their personality type is a fit with these three traits. (Our
student chooses CANOE based on their Organizational Behavior professor 's recommendation and opinion.)
Applying the CANOE model the student talks about being conscientious and finds specific stories that exemplify this trait and shares them during the
interview. The student follows with stories of how well they get along with classmates during studies and projects, people often comment on how
agreeable they are. The student's nonverbals such as posture, eye contact, and voice projection mirror and affirm this trait with

Subliminal Messages Essay example
Are you sure that you aren't being subconsciously manipulated into making decisions that you wouldn't normally make? Are you sure that over the
next few days, your purchases of popcorn and Coke will be completely under your conscious control? Are you even sure that I haven't embedded
secret messages into this research paper to manipulate you into giving me an A? If you didn't consciously perceive "secret messages" but you did
perceive them subconsciously, then they would be called subliminal. The word "subliminal" literally means "below the threshold" (Encarta 99). The
threshold is the level at which you are aware of stimuli, so if something is below the threshold, or subliminal, you are not consciously aware of it.
Therefore, you may be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disney movies have displayed, and have been sued for, embedding subliminal messages. In their movie, The Little Mermaid, they show the male
genitalia as a part of the castle. People may think that people were just trying to find perverted things in innocent Disney movies, but apparently it
wasn't innocent enough to keep it on the cover. The newer cover does not display a castle on it. Another subliminal message involving Disney is
in the movie Aladdin. Right before he sings the song A Whole New World, Aladdin says, "Take off your clothes" under his breath. My last
example of a Disney related incident involving subliminal messages is in the movie The Lion King. When the king lion falls off of the cliff, you
can see that the dust around him and the stars in the sky spell out the word "Sex." There are many subliminal messages in our products today, but
one I find most disturbing is the Camel Cigarettes' advertisement. The Picture on the left shows a man standing proudly with his genitalia erect. The
picture on the right shows the camel that is named the "Smooth Character." If you look at his nose, you will come to realize that it is in fact the male
genitalia. (Key xviii) (Key xix) There is proof that shows just how influential these ads were to the marketing of Camel cigarettes. In 1978, there were
seven surveys taken by 3,400 smokers between grades seven

The Mind: Biological and Mental Functions
The biological and mental functions that are present in the body process the information that is given, and the mind is the mediator of the information
that is processed through these biological and mental functions. It constructs an interpretation of the sensory input that is received by both functions.
The information that is received by the brain is further interpreted by the mind and it constructs a unique reality from the basic information. The mind
as the mediator can be seen in topics such as categorization and bias in social realities, but also in the language and thought of both humans and
non–human animals. ***CONSOLIDATE THIS (LESS WORDY)*** The mental and physical processes that work together is what creates the ability
for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This kind of example shows that the mind can be influenced by more than just the information that they have been given because their minds take into
account additional information not just basic information. The mind not only combines categorization, bias, and anchoring in order to make snap
judgments about information that has been processed in our biological systems, but it can also change an impression after the initial interaction. This is
called adjustment. The idea of adjustment shows that the mind constructs a more perfect reality by adjusting their impressions to account for situation
(Gilbert, 2002, 172). This shows that the human mind has the ability to take old–information and re–process it in ways that complete the perception of
their social reality. This is clearly advantageous because as stated before, categorization can help to quickly identify information, but it can also lead to
misinterpretation of information, so with adjustment the mind has the ability to correct its initial errors. The disadvantages that come with this is the
fact that it is slow and that it cannot happen when there is any other kind of information processing happening. Since the mind is active in creating
social realities, it is only valid that the mind be active in social interactions as well. A major question that surrounds human language is if different
languages

Plato's Reflection Of Human Knowledge
Our Human Knowledge In the first five weeks of the course we discussed four different texts including, Plato's "The Allegory of the Cave", world
religions, Bacon's "The Four Idols", and also Carl Jung's The Structure of the Psyche. Each text addressed different concepts but overall, all the texts
seem to have the same central idea which involves human knowledge and human beliefs. It has come up time and time again that as human beings we
all want to put our faith into something, whether it's our religion or our basic human understanding. Each text that we analyzed made a connection to
knowledge and how us as humans receive and obtain that knowledge. Over the years many things have changed but the one thing that human kind can
be certain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The religion of Islam also has similar beliefs to those of Christianity which include there only being on God, the belief of prophets and prophecies, and
their belief in Judgement Day and life after death. Taoism is one religion that also has similarities to Christianity. The similarities are that the followers
of these religions are taught about compassion, moderation, and humility which are the Three Jewels of Taoism.
The remaining religions are Buddhism and Hinduism which are two the religions that share the most things in common. Both religions share a belief
in karma which means that whatever you put out into the world is what you will receive in return. The religions of Buddhism and Hinduism are also
advocates of zero violence against any living thing and to be at peace with themselves they both practice meditation. Along with having similar rituals
they also believe in many deities as well as the feeling of desire, jealousy, and anger to be the cause of suffering. When you break down some of the
religions one can determine that there is no reliable evidence behind the things their religion practices and preaches, they simply just have faith. Faith is
something that is deep within each person and it is a very positive thing but when it comes to being sure about important significant information you are
unable to put it all on faith.
"The Four Idols" which was written by Francis Bacon was introduced in

The Tactics Used By The Media
We live in a society that has compromised and diluted our so called "free will." Everything that we do, say, and buy has been motivated and
influenced by the media and what our world has deemed adequate and acceptable. Some of what is portrayed to us by the media is obvious, but often,
companies use covert tactics to manipulate us into becoming the optimal consumers, those who will buy what we are told, despite whether or not need
or even want the products that are being displayed to us. One of the brilliant tactics used by corporations is called subliminal messaging. Webster's
Dictionary defines the word subliminal as, "Relating to things that influence your mind in a way that you do not notice." (1) Subliminal advertising is a
means of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This term subliminal advertising was popularized in a 1957 by a book called The Hidden Persuaders by Vance Packard. This book displayed a study
based on a movie theater in Fort Lee, NJ that was supposedly using subliminal commands and messages within certain films to increase their sales of
popcorn and Coca–Cola. (2) Vicary claimed that he has created a phycological experiment to determining the effects of such subliming messages on
the consumers that paralleled what was said to be happening in the theatre. He supposedly, "...arranged for the words "drink Coca–Cola" and "eat
popcorn" to be flashed briefly on screen every five seconds during screenings of the film "Picnic."" (2) Vicary displayed the words for a single
frame,which was, allegedly, " ... long enough for the subconscious to pick up, but too short for the viewer to be aware of it." (5) Due to the
messages being forced on the consumer, Vicary claimed that Coke sales within the theatre sky rocketed by 18% and popcorn sales sky rocketed by
58%. (6) In his book, he stated that these results prove that the minds of the individuals that he tested were influenced by the subliminal messages in
the films. (2) This lead him to draw the conclusion that simply putting words on a screen for a period of time not recognizable to the conscious mind
can influence human behavior. In this case, Vicary said that the

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