Environmental Influences on the Process
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The document discusses how the physical and psychological environment influences communication and interaction between people. It describes how the physical setting, including geography, climate, and architecture shape cultural norms. Situational factors like the scene, purpose, participants and their relationships, and norms and rules also affect communication. Privacy, perceptions of time, and the potential for interaction are psychological environmental influences. The environment and culture together define appropriate behavior and guide how messages are interpreted.
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Environmental Influences on the Process
- 1. Environmental Influences on the Process Prepared by: Karla Maolen Visbal
- 2. Background Physical Environment The Situation Situational Norms and Rules Psychological Environment Privacy Temporality Interaction potential of the Environment
- 4. Physical Setting The environment in which interaction occurs influences the communication taking place. The physical setting defines what is proper. It also becomes a guide in interpreting messages.
- 5. Physical Setting The Physical Setting is important in our communication because: Appropriate behavior in a particular setting differs across cultures In communicating with strangers, the strangers are in an unfamiliar setting
- 6. Geography and Climate Environment is an important conditioner of culture Subsistence and sustainability for food production
- 7. Architecture and Landscape When architecture and landscape is combined with geography and climate, it creates a stage for the human players. The way our houses and buildings are designed and constructed is influenced by cultures in which they are built
- 8. Traditional Japanese Home Very minimal furniture Shoji and Tatami Multipurpose rooms bathroom and toilet SHOULD be different/separated
- 9. Arab Home Arabs tend to entertain guests in their homes, displaying heirlooms, souvenirs and the best furnishings.
- 10. German Home German homes are surrounded by hedges and fences to ensure privacy Large furniture and foyer/entryway to ensure that other parts of the house is not exposed
- 11. The Situation
- 13. Scene Setting Involves the locale of our interaction, the time of our interaction and the bystanders who observe our interaction. Who is present (bystanders) in situations also influences our communication.
- 14. Scene Purpose Our interaction with others is based on the types of activities in which we are engaged and the subject matter being discussed. SCRIPT: A coherent sequence of events expected by an individual involving him or her, either a participant or an observer.
- 15. The Situation Situation Scene Setting Purpose Participants Individual Relationship Interpersonal Roles
- 16. Participants Individual Participants Stable characteristics (personalities, physical appearances and interests) influence how they respond and how we respond to them in specific situations. Temporary characteristics (speech patterns, moods and emotions) also influence our interaction in a specific situation.
- 17. Participants Stigmatization involves discounting strangers because they are different. Interpersonal Intergroup
- 18. Participants Relationship between participants Interpersonal relations, the role of an individuals are filling and the ways individuals are categorized affect the way people behave in situations. We tend to choose people who are similar to us.
- 19. Situational Norms and Rules
- 20. Norms 1. Collective evaluation of behaviors 2. Collective expectations of what behavior is acceptable 3. Particular reactions to behavior (e.g. sanctions) Socially shared guidelines for expected and accepted behavior
- 21. Rules Developed for reasons of expediency because they allow people to coordinate their activities more easily Both norms and rules are culture-bound
- 23. Privacy Closely intertwined with our concept of environment Desired privacy Achieved privacy
- 24. Temporality Cultures develop temporal patterns which define when it is appropriate to do certain things Monochronic time Polychronic time
- 25. Interaction Potential Potential the environment provides for interacting with strangers Group memberships provide structural constraints in the establishment of intergroup relationships (Blau & Schwartz, 1984)
- 26. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- The environment sets the mood for communication
- The environment sets the mood for communication
- Hunter gatherer ancestors: they move to a new location when food becomes scarce in the area they are livingTemperament=temperatureIn the united states, the southern culture is more verbally dominant, opinionated, intolerant and authoritarian than are relatively more northern US cultures.
- Ivatan houses and the traditional british house
- Ivatan houses and the traditional british house
- Cultural OCD: they like how things are arranged and they resent disarrangement of furniture
- The perceptions of situations are critical to the understanding of behavior in any situation.
- Our expectation of stigmatized and unstigmatized individuals will be different, thus affecting our communication situation.
- Though it is often assumed
- Justice Norms: their deservingness or equity for punishment and rewards; or rewarding or punishing people equally regardless of their input.Reciprocity Norms: 1) one should help those who have helped them and 2) one should not injure those who have helped them
- MAJOR DIFFERENCE Between Norms and RuleNorms: has ethical and moral connotationsRules: no moral or ethical connotationsVary in four levels Level of understandingClarityRangeHomogeneity or consensus
- Cultures develop temporal patterns which define when it is appropriate to do certain things and how many things can be done at the same time
- (Blau & Schwartz, 1984)theory suggests that the more strangers from the same group there are in an environment, the less likely it is the strangers will interact with members of the ingroup. Hoffman (1985): the more strangers there are in an organization, the stranger’s communication with the ingroup increasesHalliman and Smith (1985): opportunities for contact influence the development of interracial friendships in children. Children from numerical minority has more interracial friendships than numerical majority children