This presentation deals with the topic Residential design, which is a topic under Environmental psychology. It deals with the how an individual develop attachment to a place, preferences, satisfaction with the place and how space in home are utilized. The topic also deals with how neighborhood and community affects an individuals behavior and living at home. At last, the section leads to the point about healthy residential environment, which includes, how an individual or family can live in their residence with healthy. It includes several conditions. Since home or residence is the primary environment of greatest importance, where many important human needs are satisfied, it is also important to assess the living environment. because the place one lives influences his or her behavior, attitude, and even daily life functioning.

1. RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
VISMAYA RAJ K

2. • Perceptions of residential setting is
influenced by individual differences.
• It mainly include home environment.
• The home or residence is the primary
environment of greatest importance, where
many important human needs are satisfied.

3. Types of residential setting
1. Single member household
2. 21st century household
3. Extended or joint household
4. Shared household
5. In home caretaker household
6. Provider managed household
7. Collective living household

4. CONTENTS
ATTACHMENT TO PLACE
PREFERENCES
SATISFACTION WITH HOME
ENVIRONMENT
USE OF SPACE IN HOME
NEIGHBORHOOD AND COMMUNITY
ENVIRONMENTS

5. ATTACHMENT TO PLACE
• Homes are important for reasons other
than shelter.
• These contributes to a form of
psychological bonding with this
environment called place attachment.

6. ATTACHMENT TO PLACE
• These contributes to a form of psychological
bonding with this environment called place
attachment.
• Social bonds can play a significant role in place
attachment.
• Attachment to place includes an emotional bond to
the place, memories and other cognitive
interpretations that provide meaning to our
experience with the place and the sense of anxiety
associated with potential removal from the place.

7. Studies On Place Attachment
1. Those with weaker attachment to the old
place has an easier time adapting to the new
one-Fried, 1963.
2. People who lost their home showed more
distress the higher their attachment-
Holman & Silver, 1994.
3. Attending college away from home, the
feeling of homesickness may be part of
attachment to home- Burt, 1993.

8. • The extend of residential place attachment
can be influenced by bonds to more than just
the home and associated social ties.
– Furnishings, antiques, heirlooms,
automobiles.
– Religion also matters.
• Attachment to place occurs over time.

10. PREFERENCES
• Preferences of residential environment is
purely subjective.
• Factors such as transportation, house
ownership, government incentives, influences
the preferences.
• Choice of type of housing and location may be
restricted by the economic factor.

11. SATISFACTION WITH HOME
ENVIRONMENT
• Psychological factors are more important in
determining satisfaction.
• Amerigo and Aragones (1997) found four factors
predicting home satisfaction.
– The physical aspects of housing
– How the housing structures space
– Safety
– Relationships with the neighbours and sense of
community

12. • The more easily we are able to adapt to features
of our residence
• The more easily and conveniently we perform
basic tasks.
• Too much room to clean, no much space for work,
noisy area, size and floor plan, poor plumbing and
heating, badly designed kitchen and bathroom,
lack of storage space, etc.

13. Privacy and satisfaction
• Privacy regulation is an important
consideration in the design of environments.
• Privacy can take two forms- one, family
controls privacy without using physical
features of the environment and second,
family which is more likely to use
environmental controls over privacy.

14. USE OF SPACE IN THE HOME
• Home interior designs especially mediate
social interactions.
• People arranges their home differently but
there exists consistent space use pattern.
Bedroom
• Bedrooms are intended to be private place.
• Bedrooms are supposed for sleeping.
• Master bedroom have increased size,
accommodating more and more functions.

15. Bathroom
• Bathroom serves more functions and should
be designed in certain way to fulfil those.
• Bathroom serves physical hygienic functions
as well as social functions.
• high-tech toilet of Japan.

16. Cultural differences
• Kent (1991)- there are more than 50 cultural
groups worldwide based on their use of space.
• Low segmented and high segmented.

17. NEIGHBOURHOOD AND COMMUNITY
ENVIRONMENTS
• Much of our residential life centers on the
neighborhood or community.
• having multiple households in the same vicinity
sets up tension between desire for privacy
and peace and quiet and the need to
cooperate with others for mutual protection
and social support.

18. Propinquity
• The nearness between places people occupy.
• It affects our social connectedness.
• The more people know nearby friends and
neighbors the more people know attached
they are to the neighborhood.
• Two types of propinquity: Physical distance
and functional distance.

19. Physical distance:
• The closer the objective physical distance
between two individuals, the more likely the
individuals are to be friends.
Functional distance:
• Likelihood of two individuals coming into
contact, predicts whether people will become
friends or like each other.

20. Friendship and propinquity:
1. Friendship is impossible for those who have
never met than one who are close.
2. To continue to interact in the future with
others who live in close proximity to us, we
try to see good things.
3. Continued interaction with individuals leads
to a feeling of predictability and to a sense
of security which make friendship more
likely.
4. Familiarity in and of lead to attraction.

21. Environmental spoiling:
• Propinquity can also create enemies.
• Positive social relationships follow from
frequent contacts, but the activities of some
can spoil the perceived quality of the living
environment.

22. Sense of community:
• Neighbourhood cohesion consists of two
factors:
– Neighbouring
– Sense of community
• The relatively low cohesion in higher density
neighbourhood was not due to lack of
neighbouring, but due to lack of a sense of
community.

23. Designs
• Front porch
• Intentionally designed informal spaces.
• Ownership
Programs
• Neighbourhood meetings
• Organisations
• Clubs

24. HEALTHY RESIDENTIAL
ENVIRONMENT
The WHO (1990) has defined health
implications of certain kinds of local
environmental conditions in terms of three
levels of housing environment factors, intensity
and duration of exposure to these factors and
the vulnerability of particular children such as
children, aged, housewives.

25. These three levels are:
• Desirable levels of environmental conditions
which promote human health and well-being.
• Permissible levels of environmental conditions
which are not ideal but which are broadly
neutral in their impact on health and well-
being.
• Incompatible levels which, if maintained,
would adversely affect health and well-being.

26. • Healthy residential environments are known
to be an important determinant of quality of
life and well-being.
• The multiple components of housing units and
outdoor areas need to be considered in terms
of their potential and effective contribution
to physical, social and mental well-being.

27. 1. Ensure safety
2. Shelter for inhabitants.
3. Safe and continuous supply of water and
maintenance of sewage.
4. Ambient atmospheric conditions
5. Household occupancy conditions
6. Accessibility to community facilities and
services
7. Food safety
8. Safety from diseases inside out.

28. References
Bell, P. A., Greene, T. C., Fisher, J. D., & Baum, A. (2001).
Environmental psychology. (5th Ed.). New York:
psychology press.
Lawrence, R.J. (2002). Health residential environments,
In Bechtel, R.B., Churchman, A. Handbook of
environmental psychology. New York: John Wiley
and sons Inc.