Zip Lock Lab Report

Zip Lock Lab Report
Purpose:
To discover and observe what happens inside a ziplock bag when three substances are mixed
together.
Hypothesis: When the amount of baking soda added is changed, the amount of gas produced will
change because baking soda creates gas. Meaning when the three substances are mixed, there will
be more gas.
Materials:
3 Zip lock bags
Spoon
Goggles
Small test tube
Bromothymol blue
Citric acid
Baking soda
Beaker
Water (Control)
Procedure:
Carefully measure 1 ½ level scoops of citric acid and place it into the corner of the zip lock bag.
Carefully fill a small test tube ½ full of bromothymol blue and mix it with the citric acid in the
corner of the zip lock bag. Record your observations.
Carefully measure 1 level scoop of baking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With one scoop, only a small amount of gas is produced. Two scoops produced medium amounts of
gas, filling the bag and making the bag decently firm. Three scoops of baking soda produces a lot of
gas and also the most gas of the three trials.
Diagram:
Conclusion: In conclusion, the more baking that was added in the reaction the more gas that was
produced. When there was only one scoop of baking soda, the least amount of gas was produced,
when three scoops of baking soda were used, the most amount of gas was produced. The number of

bubbles roughly stayed the same, so the number of bubbles created was not affected by the amount
of baking soda. With increments of 1 scoop of baking soda, small amounts of gas are produced each
trial. We compared each trial by identifying the firmness of the bag due to the gas. Since gas takes
up space of the bag, the more firm the bag is, the more gas is produced. Therefore, our hypothesis of
having more baking soda will make more gas is correct.
Discussion:
Our observations of the lab are important because they tell us what we saw and what will happen
when the three mixtures reacted together. Observation can be done qualitatively and quantitatively,
keeping records of the information more detailed and resourceful. If we didn't write down
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Separating Mixtures
Separating mixtures:
When separating both homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures, the physical properties of the
mixed substances are taken into account. A process that can effectively separate these mixtures is
then employed and the original substances are retrieved unchanged.
Threshing
Winnowing
Jigging and panning
Filtering, sieving and straining
Evaporation or boiling
Freezing
Chromatography
Solvent:
The solvent of a mixture is the substance that is dissolving the solute to create a mixture. The
solubility of a solvent refers to the amount of solute that a solvent can dissolve.
Solution:
Solutions, also known as homogenous systems, are groups of molecules that, when combined,
dissolve to make a single mixture. Everything in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Triboelectric series
When materials of different charges chafe against one another, the material with a stronger affinity
for the negative charge will generally seize the electrons of the other material. With an unequal
distribution of electrons and protons, the material that had a greater tendency to acquire more
electrons will develop a negative charge, whilst the material that had electrons extracted from it will
develop a positive charge. The Triboelectric Series is simply a table, identifying which materials are
more likely to develop a negative charge in this situation and which are more likely to develop a
positive charge.
Current
Electric current is the flow of charge through an electrical component. The speed of an electric
current can be measured in the SI units of 'amperes' (abbreviated 'amps'). The formula for the
voltage of an object is 'voltage ÷ resistance'.
Voltage
The term 'voltage' or 'potential energy' refers to the electrical potential of a battery and the amount of

electricity it can exert. The voltage of a battery can be expressed in the SI unit (International System
of Unit) 'volts'. The formula for the voltage of an object is 'current x

Homogeneous Mixture Lab Report
Introduction
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances that are physically combined [not
chemically combined]. There are two types of mixtures, which are homogeneous mixtures and
heterogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures that have components which are
uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. For example, sugar water is a homogeneous mixture.
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that has components which are not uniformly distributed
throughout the mixture. For example, a raisin bagel is a homogenous mixture. Since mixtures are
physically combined, they can be physically separated. Mixtures can be separated by decanting,
filtration, distillation, magnetic separation, and chromatography. Filtration is when ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, if iron filings and water is combined, then it is a heterogeneous mixture because the
iron filings are different states of matter and are not uniformly distributed in this mixture. Another
example would be black ink. Black ink is a homogeneous mixture because everything is uniformly
distributed to create one specific color. Continuing on, sodium chloride and water would be a
homogeneous mixture since the salt would be fully dissolved in the water and uniformly distributed.
During the experiment, if the filter paper tore and some sand and bits of paper were in the solution
in the flask, the correct solution to this problem would be to add another new filter paper to the torn
one. Then the solution should be poured and refiltered again in a different flask. When
chromatography was done on the color blue, it was concluded that that pigment that was most
soluble in water and less attracted to the water was the color cyan because it was on the top. If a
color is on the top, it means that that color was the one that dissolved the fastest and one that was
attracted to the water the most. The mass of the salt in the mixture could have been isolated and
measured by separating the iron filings from the rest of the mixture by using the process of magnetic
separation. The iron filings' mass would be measured. Then the sand could be separated from the
mixture by filtration. The sands' mass would be measured.

Notes On Chromatography
Background:
Derived form the greek words for colour (Chroma) and writing (graphe). Chromatography is a
method is method in which different kinds of the coloured chemical mixtures are separated. In the
early 1900s, Mikhail Tswett, a Russian botanist, was interested in the individual compounds
presented in plants. He understood that removing ground up plants extracts with the dissimilar
solvents will provide assorted coloured solutions. Tswett conducted an experiment which involved
pouring a plant extract through a glass tube filled with calcium carbonate. As the liquid passed
through the powder, bands of colour was revealed; as individual compounds.

In chromatographic techniques, there is a stationary phase: usually a solid, thick liquid or bonded
coating that stays in a secure position. mobile phase or eluent: usually a liquid or gas moves through
it or across it.
The mobile phase carries the components of the mixture with it.
The separation of a sample, placed in the stationary phase, will gradually transport along with the
mobile phase. If a sample compound has no connection with the stationary phase, it will come out as
the same rate of mobile phase. If a sample compound has connection, it will stick with the stationary
phase. This distribution ratio among the selected phases must differ for each sample compound in
order for them to separate.
Types of Chromatography:
Paper Chromatography:
Paper chromatography is a analytical technique in which the mixture is

Lab Report: The Breaking Down Of A Mixture
The Breaking Down of a Mixture
Problem:
With the materials available in the lab, we attempted to separate a mixture of materials into its
individual states. There were multiple substances combined into a single state that varied enough in
physical state to be potentially separated by several means. With the heterogeneous appearance, we
operated under the assumption that the mixture had been composed by simply mixing together
ingredients, and that we would be capable of separating the components back to the base forms.
Hypothesis:
If all necessary materials are available and provided, then we will be able to separate the mixed
substance into separate forms, because the mixture can be decomposed.
Materials:
3 100 ml beakers
3 petri dishes
4 plastic dishes
A large blue plastic dish
Tweezers
Scoopula
Popsicle stick
Water
Hot plate
Funnel
Paper filter
200 gram scale
Heat resistant glove
One mixture of sand, salt, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, and bb pellets
Procedure:
For this lab we had to separate the mixture of material into the simplest forms we possibly could.
We decided it would be best to remove what we had the least of and plucked out the metal balls. We
had several options relating to straining here, but it worked out best to use water and a strainer to
separate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A glass beaker boils much, much slower than a pot of water. It can be broken down to a lack of

surface area to absorb heat and the use of material that functions as a worse conductor of heat. The
properties of salt also proved to be a bit interesting. While salt cannot caramelize, it did melt down
to a horrible smelling brown, ashy substance when subjected to extreme heat without water. I
honestly would have expected it to melt white, but it made sense that it turned brown sense that
seems to be a running theme between burnt

Separation Of Mixtures
Separations of Mixture of Solids
The Purpose: To learn about the separation techniques that are based on the chemical properties of a
substance. Observe the separation of the mixtures and their component substances. Learning how to
compute the percentage a component makes up of the overall mix. The mixture contains iron filling,
sand, benzoic acid, and table salt. From the visual observation of the mixture, it looks like it has a
large amount of benzoic acid crystals compared to the others.
Procedure:
For this experiment, I used paper cups, 50 mL beaker, burner, the stand, weighted scale, magnet, and
the mixture of solids to separate sand, salt, iron and benzoic acid. The materials that were necessary
for this experiment were included in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the magnet they were separated quite easily. When almost boiling the sand, salt and benzoic
acid, it didn't seem like I was doing the right things. I could see the remnants of the benzoic acid
floating inside the beaker. It seemed like they were separated just fine, but not necessarily dissolved.
When doing the filtration part, the paper also was hard, because the crystals from the ben, acid were
already forming making it quite difficult to get everything out of the cup. It took me some time for
the salt to

Essay on Purity and Purifications of Solids Using Melting...
Purity and purifications of solids using melting points.
Tatyana Aleksandrova
CHE 337, Section 001
Department of Chemistry
Portland State University, Portland, OR
Abstract
Melting points of Naphthalene/Biphenyl mixtures differing in their percent compositions were
observed and plotted on a graph that indicated eutectic point of the mixture to be at 50 mole percent
Naphthalene. Using melting point technique to identify mixture Unknown H was determined to be
3–ethoxy–4–hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Introduction
Melting point is a technique used by chemists to identify unknown substance. Compounds
depending on their chemical structure have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on the fact that mixture with 3–Ethoxy–4–hydroxybenzaldehyde had relatively close range of
(76.1 °C – 78.1 °C) with 2.5 °C difference in ending values, which can be considered as a sharp
point, unknown H is 3–Ethoxy–4–hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Conclusion
Melting point is a technique used to identify pure substances by observing ranges of melting points
as it was done in mixtures of Naphthalene and Biphenyl. Eutectic point, however, should be kept in
my when testing for pure substances, for eutectic compositions can mislead results of the test if
nothing else is considered. Biphenyl's on this technique unknown H tested was determined to be 3–
Ethoxy–4–hydroxybenzaldehyde based on its sharp MT.
Questions:
1. a) Examples in which a pure substance could give a broad melting range:
5 mole percent of Naphthalene to 95 mole percent of Biphenyl (which is good percentage of purity)
has a broad melting range.
b) Example of a situation in which an impure substance melts sharply:
Mixture of 60 mole percent of Naphthalene and 40 mole percent of Biphenyl. Mixture has eutectic
composition.
2. Eutectic mixture – mixture in which proportions of its constituents allow a uniform melting point

for that mixture. MP range is sharp, despite the fact that mixture is impure.
3. Effects of the impurities on melting behavior of benzoic acid: MP Benzoic Acid – 122 °C a.
Fragments of crushed glass – MP of crashed glass is around 1500 °C,

Mixed Substances Lab Answers
In the lab Mixed Substances, the objective was to see how properties of individual substances
compare with properties of a mixed substance. The word mixture can be defined as a combination of
two or more substances that are mixed together physically, not chemically. A homogeneous mixture
is a mixture in uniform structure or comparison throughout the substance (Ex. Milk/ Popsicle).
Lastly, a heterogenous mixture consists of dissimilar parts and elements (Ex. Pizza/ Salad). A
hypothesis for this lab is the cornstarch and water will mix together and stay in the liquid form.
Conclusion / Analysis––
The two materials that were tested and mixed in the lab were water and cornstarch. After you mix
the two, the corn starch grains were no longer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The water and food coloring did mix into the water because instead of being able to see through the
clear water easily, it became blue in color and harder to see through the glass. Although the water
and food coloring mixed, the cooking oil and water did not. I am able to show this because in the
glass, the oil was resting on the water's surface and continued to stay separated. When and or if you
turned the container downward, the oil pushes through the moving water in order to remain at the
top of the surface. Since the oil remains at the top no matter what angle the container is at, the oil
has the higher density because it is always forced to the top of the glass. If soap was added to the list
of ingredients and was mixed into the mixture of water and oil, I think the soap would mix with the
water but the oil will remain at the top and unmixed. The mixture was a heterogenous because even
though they were in the same constiner, you were able to spot the individual substances by
themselves. Going back to reanalyze my hypothesis, I have come to the conclusion that my
hypothesis is correct because I said the water and oil would not mix

Homogeneous Mixture Lab Report
Morgan Anderson
Kamryn Johnson
Payton Johnson
Sydney Roy
6th period
9/21/17
Separation of Mixtures
Purpose
A mixture is a blend of at least two types of matter. The two types of mixtures are heterogeneous
and homogeneous. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not appear the same throughout.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is identical everywhere. A mixture could be composed of
elements and compounds; both are pure substances. A compound is when multiple elements are put
together, like water. Everything has chemical and physical characteristics and these qualities help
scientists classify matter.
Hypothesis
If the properties are identified and utilized, then the heterogeneous mixture can be separated.
Materials
Sample mixture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What made you decide to do your procedural steps in the order that you did them? Would any order
have worked?
To separate the easiest item out first and then move on to the harder ones
No (iron couldn't have gone in water, iron and stearic acid can't have been boiled)
2. If you were able to do the lab over again, what specific things would you do differently?
3. Name any materials or tools that were not available that might have made the separation of the
substances easier.
4. For each of the four components, describe a specific physical property that enabled you to
separate it from the rest of the mixture.
Iron filling– magnetic
Stearic acid– buoyant
Sand– clumps together and sticks when wet
Salt– soluble in water

5. Discuss the relationship you expect to find between the speed of the process and the purity of the
components recovered. Which do you think is more important? Explain your

Lab Report : Mixed Substances And Investigating Mixtures
On September 29, 2017, in class a lab was done on Mixed Substances and Investigating Mixtures.
The objective of the Mixed Substances lab is to see how properties of individual substances
compare with properties of mixed substances. The definition of a mixture is a combination of two or
more substances that are physically mixed but can be separated. There are two different types of
mixtures, heterogeneous and homogeneous. A heterogenous mixture is a mixture consisting of
dissimilar parts or elements. A homogenous mixture is a mixture that is uniform in structure or
composition throughout the substance. The prediction statement or hypothesis is, If the water and
cornstarch are in the same bowl and they combine then a thick liquid will form. The objective of the
Investigating Mixtures lab was to observe that not all liquids behave the same way when mixed with
other liquids. The hypothesis is, If water and oil are put in the same container and they are mixed,
then they will separate from each other.
Conclusion/ Analysis After the experiment was completed, conclusion questions were answered.
After the substances were mixed and stirred, the cornstarch and water could not be seen. It could not
be seen because the cornstarch mixed with the water, making a mixture. The new mixture was
different from the original substances. The new substance has a higher viscosity than the water alone
because it was thicker from the cornstarch. The new substance was solid at the touch, but a

Measuring Density Lab
The purpose of this lab was to review the techniques for measuring mass and volume. Also using
raw data to calculate the density of each of the metal samples. The final objective was to compare
the density values with the values on the reference tables and calculate percent error.
Introduction: 1. Matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture of other substances. A pure
substance could be either an element like carbon or a compound like water. A mixture can be either
a homogenous mixture like salt solution or heterogeneous mixture like soil. Matter is also separated
by extensive and intensive properties.
2. A pure substance could be an element or a compound. A pure substance also has the same
properties and composition throughout it. IT is a collection of non similar particles that will not
undergo a chemical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unknown samples of a pure substance may be identified using the properties of that substance by
finding the density of that unknown sample or the boiling and melting point of that sample and
compare them to see if they are identical.
5. A physical property is a quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing
the substance's composition. An example of a physical property is color and hardness. A chemical
property is when a substance undergoes a chemical change or reaction which change the identity of
the substance. An example of a chemical property would be heat of combustion.
6. Density is a characteristic property of a substance. Density is equal to the amount of mass in a
substance divided by the amount of volume of a substance. Density is the relationship between mass
of a substance and how much space it takes up which is volume. Density is an intrinsic property.
Mass and volume are both extrinsic on their own but when put together in a ratio for density the
number will remain constant. It is important to understand the difference because it is easy to get
mixed up since it can be an either or

Investigating The Substances Of Water Chromatography
Most chemists and many other scientists must routinely separate mixtures and identify their
components. The ability to qualitatively identify the substances found in a sample can be critical.
For example, an environmental chemist investigating samples of polluted ground water will want to
know which toxic ions might be present in a sample. Chromatography is one of the first tools used
in such situations. In this technique, many types of mixtures can be separated into the component
pure substances; by comparison to a standard sample, each component substance can also be
tentatively identified. Many varieties of chromatography exist, each one designed to separate
specific types of mixtures. The common feature of each type of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The movement of the components in the mobile phase is controlled by the significance of their
interactions with the mobile and/or stationary phases. Because of the differences in factors such as
the solubility of certain components in the mobile phase and the strength of their affinities for the
stationary phase, some components will move faster than others, thus facilitating the separation of
the components within that mixture.
The first chromatograph was invented by Russian botanist Mikhail Semenovich Tsvett. Mikhail
Tsvet was born 14 May 1872 in Asti, Italy. His mother was Italian, and his father was a Russian
official. His mother died soon after his birth, and he was raised in Geneva, Switzerland. He received
his B.S. degree from the Department of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Geneva in
1893. However, he decided to dedicate himself to botany and received his Ph.D. degree in 1896 for
his work on cell physiology. He moved to Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1896 because his father was
recalled from the Foreign Service. There he started to work at the Biological Laboratory of the
Russian Academy of Sciences. His Geneva degrees were not recognized in Russia, and he had to
earn Russian degrees. In 1897 he became a teacher of botany courses for women. In 1902 he
became a laboratory assistant at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Warsaw University in

Separation Of Mixtures And Its Effect On The Body
Processed Data Table Separation Of Mixtures Object/Substance Accepted value of Mass (g)
Experimental value of Mass (g) Mass % Percent Error Observations Beaker 1 49.91 x x x x Beaker
2 50.04 x x x x Mixture 37.00 36.17 98.76% –2.24% Dark gray color, some of the carbon sinks and
some of it floats, and the mixture is transparent (mostly in the middle) Carbon 2.00 4.94 247%
147% Different shades of dark gray, it is a powdery substance, and it sticks to the sides of the beaker
Copper Chloride and water mix 35.00 27.66 79.03% –20.97 The color is a light blueish greenish
color like turquoise, as the water evaporates the mixture gradually turns a brighter and darker green
Copper Chloride 5.00 4.17 83.40% –16.6% It is different shades of green, brown, and yellow, and it
is a solid and is in one piece Water 30.00 23.49 78.30% –21.7% X Evaporated from mixture Graph
Conclusion In this Separation of Mixtures lab, the substances, carbon, copper chloride, and water
were separated from each other from a mixture. The hypothesis for this lab was If the separation
technique, boiling, is used to separate copper chloride from water, then 95% of the copper chloride
will be recovered because copper chloride, which is soluble in water, won 't evaporate with the
water. The hypothesis was not supported by this lab. Although the lab confirmed that filtering and
evaporating were the correct means of separation to use on carbon, water, and copper chloride, the
overall result was not

Measuring the Melting Points of Compounds and Mixtures Essay
TECH0701: Measuring the Melting Points of Compounds and Mixtures
Introduction
This exercise dealt with the melting points of pure mandelic acid and benzoic acid. The eutectic
temperature and composition of mandelic and benzoic acid mixtures were determined. And finally,
an unknown was identified by its mixtures and melting point.
The melting point of a compound is used by organic chemists not only to identify the compound, but
also to establish its purity. To determine the melting point two temperatures were noted. The first
was the point at which the first drop of liquid formed among the crystals; the second was the point at
which the whole mass of crystals turned to a clear liquid. And the melting point was recorded from
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An unknown compound was obtained and the ID number was recorded. A capillary tube was loaded
with the unknown powder and inserted into the melting apparatus. The temperatures at which the
crystals first started to liquefy and when the entire sample became liquid were recorded. The melting
point was then compared with previous known mixture samples to identify the unknown compound.
Results
Table 1. Melting point range for benzoic acid and mandelic acid. Note: Mandelic acid first seemed
to liquefy at 116.0˚C but was concluded that it might have been sweating that occurred from
droplets. | Temperature that crystals first started to liquefy | Temperature where entire sample
liquefied | Benzoic Acid | 122.0˚C | 123.1˚C | Mandelic Acid | 117.1˚C | 118.9˚C |
Table 2. Determining the eutectic temperature and composition of a benzoic acid–mandelic acid
mixture. Tube # | Temperature that crystals first started to liquefy | Temperature where entire sample
liquefied | 1 | 113.6˚C | 115.7˚C | 2 | 92.6˚C | 94.7˚C | 3 | 92.1˚C | 93.8˚C | 4 | 91.9˚C | 95.2˚C |
Table 3. Determining melting range for the unknown compound. Unknown #7 | Temperature that
crystals first started to liquefy | Temperature where entire sample liquefied | Orientation melting
point | 152.0˚C | 153.3˚C | First trial | 149.4˚C | 150.3˚C | Second trial | 150.0˚C | 151.2˚C |
Table 4. Identifying an unknown compound by mixture melting point. | Temperature that crystals
first

Essay on Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report
SEPERATION OF A MIXTURE Purpose:
The purpose of this lab is to find out how components of a mixture can be separated and analyzed.
Procedure:
The procedure for this lab report is as follows:
1. Mixture is taken, and has to be measured in order to meet the requirements of 2–3g.
2. The mass of the tray is measured and then the scale is zeroed out and the mixture is added to find
out the mass of the original mixture.
3. Next, find the mass of the 250mL beaker, zero out the scale, pour the mixture in, and weigh to
find the mass. Find the mass of the 100mL beaker as well.
4. In order to separate the iron from the mixture, take a bar magnet inside of a Ziploc bag, and swirl
it through the mixture.
5. The iron will stick ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the filtration process, the salt seemed to not be dissolving as quickly as thought, and more
water was needed.
When the salt water was being boiled, all of the sudden the water turned into what looked like foam
and the salt started popping.
When the sand was taken out of the chemical oven, salt particles that had not been dissolved were
found on the bottom of the filter paper.
The iron had a high magnetism, while sand and salt had none at all.
The salt had a high solubility in water while the sand did not.
The physical appearance of the iron resembled rough tiny little black hairs.
Data:
The data for this lab is from data table B, as well as answers to post–lab questions 6 and 7.
Data Table B: Separation of a Mixture:
Mass of Original Mixture: 2.07g
Mass of Recovered Iron: .6g
Mass of Recovered Salt: .95g
Mass of Recovered Sand: .98g

Total Mass of Recovered Solids: 2.53g
Post–Lab Questions:
6. Mass percentage of salt: 44% Mass percentage of sand: 46% Mass percentage of iron: 17%
7. Percent yield for salt = 46% Percent yield for sand = 47% Percent yield for iron = 29%
Conclusion:
Results: In this lab, the largest amount of recovered solids was the sand. The smallest amount of
recovered solids was the iron. The total mass of recovered solids was

Difference Between Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Mixture
We have heard the term mixture in our Chemistry books or in the kitchen, But what the mixture
exactly is? A mixture is an outcome of combining two or more substances without any fixed ratio
and such approach that there is no chemical reaction occurs between them.
The mixture is classified into two categories, Homogeneous mixture, and heterogeneous mixture.
On mixing up the component substances retain their own identities and properties. Mixtures do not
have a fixed composition.
In this article of Tape daily, we will try to subdue the confusion about what is the difference between
homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout is called the homogeneous mixture. In a
homogeneous mixture, the components are consistently ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, how can we identify that the mixture is heterogeneous?
A heterogeneous mixture consists of substances that can be easily separated. In heterogeneous
mixture, the substances are not dissolved thoroughly and each component has its own property,
therefore, components can be separated out easily.
What if we dissolve some sand in the water? After a while, all the sand particles would be settled
down at the bottom of the water and we can recognize them separately. So we would call this
mixture a heterogeneous mixture.
Pizza, one the most lovable food in the world is also a perfect example of heterogeneous mixture.
Just by casting a glance at pizza we can easily recognize its ingredients like cheese, pepperoni,
mushrooms, olives and chicken etc.
Some of the examples of heterogeneous mixture are
Fruit loop cereal
Nuts in a bowl
Rock in the sand at beach
Smog
Salad

Soil
Wood
Oil in water
Main Difference between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixture
Suppose you are given a mixture and you are asked to recognize whether this mixture is
homogeneous or

Separating Mixtures By Kaylan Hook And Luke Trueblood
Separating Mixtures
By Kaylan Hook and Luke Trueblood
Depending on whether a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous, there are many forms of
separation. Separating a mixture means to divide the substances into one or more distinct parts.
There are multiple ways to separate a mixture. Filtration, simple distillation, liquid chromatography,
and centrifugation are four ways that liquids or gases can be divided into different parts.
Filtration means the action of separating a heterogeneous mixture through a filtering medium.
Filtration removes suspended particles from a liquid. The fluid can be a liquid, a gas or a
supercritical fluid. A supercritical fluid has a pressure and temperature exceeding its critical point.
They can remove impurities from the substance. There are many different ways to carry out this
process, one of the most common and well known methods of filtration would be a water filter.
Most people have some sort of Brita water filter in their household. That is a very simple example of
how mixtures can be separated. The Brita filter removes chemicals, minerals, and other impurities
that could be found in your drinking water. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simple distillation can be effective if the different substances have a fifty or more degree distinction
in their boiling points. In this generally a boiling flask is used with a thermometer to detect the
boiling point of the substances. A condenser is attached that has cold water passing continuously
which then leads to another flask that contains the purified liquid. A liquid is boiled into a vapor
which is then concentrated back into a liquid form. This process happens to be a very common form
of purifying organic liquids. An organic liquid is a compound containing

Separating Mixtures Lab Report
Separating Mixtures
Aim:
The aim of this experiment is to use separation techniques to separate a mixture containing
polystyrene beads, salt, sand, gravel and iron filings.
Hypothesis:
The hypothesis stated that, firstly, the materials could be sifted through the sieve. Secondly, the iron
filings could be separated from the mixture. Thirdly, that the salt would be removed from the
mixture, through dissolving and evaporation. Fourthly, the polystyrene beads could be removed in
the dissolved mixture. Finally, the salt mixture could be separated, using evaporation. The reason
why iron filings come first is because magnetism is a quick and easy method to separate the iron
filings, meaning that it could be separated straight away, so it's out of the way. The salt is dissolved
next because the rest of the mixture in insoluble, meaning it is unable to be dissolved in water.
Dissolving salt, here, means that the other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, the polystyrene beads were removed by hand, considering that there were no spatulas.
Using a spatula would have resulted in a more scientific method, allowing to make use of all lab
equipment. In addition, when pouring the salt solution into the funnel, this could have been taken
into consideration by slowly, and carefully, pouring the salt solution into the funnel, so that it didn't
overflow. However, the salt solution was still able to successfully filter through. Finally, time could
have been managed more efficiently so that the water in the salt solution dissolved faster, using a
Bunsen burner, meaning that the entire experiment would be completed in one day. However, less
water could have been poured into the evaporating dish, resulting in less time for the water to
dissolve. But, using the Bunsen burner would have been a scientific method to complete this

Mixed Substances Lab
Introduction:
The objective of the mixed substances lab was to see how properties of individual substances
compare with properties of mixed substances. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances
that are mixed together physically. A homogeneous mixture is uniform in structure or composition
throughout the substances. A heterogeneous mixture consists of three dissimilar parts of elements.
My hypothesis for the Mixed Substances lab is that when water is mixed with cornstarch it will
make a slime–like product. The objective of the Investigating Mixtures lab is to observe that not
all liquids behave the same way when mixed with other liquids. My hypothesis for the lab is when
the colored water is mixed with the vegetable oil that the vegetable oil will go to the top/on the
colored water.
Conclusion/Analysis: After I stirred and mixed the substances i could not see the cornstarch and
water, because it turned into a slimy substance. The new mixture was different because it is now
thicker than it was before. The new mixture was a physical Change because there was no extreme
energy exchange involved. The mixture is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water does NOT mix with vegetable oil because the oil raised to the top very quickly in the
experiment. When the container was upside down the oil went right back to the top again. Vegetable
oil has a lower density because it was on top of the water. The mixture was a heterogeneous mixture
because you could see the individual parts. If droplets of soap were added to the mixture I think it
would go right to the bottom because its density is bigger than the water and the oil. If different oils
were used I think the results would be different because different oils have different densities. I
defend my hypothesis because the oil went on top of the water. If I did the experiment again I would
use different oils and I would test other

Separation Lab Report
Title: Separation Lab
Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to successfully separate a mixture of iron filings, poppy seeds,
sand and salt.
Hypothesis: In my opinion, I think it is possible to successfully separate the mixture.
Procedure: 1. We got a Dixie cup with the mixture of iron fillings. 2. We got an iron magnet and
stirred it around the mixture in the Dixie cup to attract all the iron filings. 3. Then, we put all of the
iron filings that we separated into a evaporating dish. 4. Next, we added water to the Dixie cup. 5.
We took a spoon, and scooped out all the poppy seeds that floated to the top of the Dixie cup. 6. Get
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We used all the steps of the scientific method. For instance, in Question, we asked ourselves How
do we successfully separate a mixture of iron filings, poppy seeds, sand, and salt. We researched the
topic at home to write our hypothesis. The information that we found helped us write our
hypothesis. Next, we wrote down our procedure based on the information that we found. The
information that we researched helped us write our procedure. We wrote down the specific
instructions to let us know what to do, when we got back in the lab. Then, we did our lab
experiment. We observed closely and recorded the data. Afterwards, we organized and evaluated our
data that we recorded; this process is called Data Analysis. We organized how each substance was
separated. Then, we used all the data that we collected and recorded to write our conclusion.
2. No, because this is the most correct and productive way to do the procedure without tampering
with the other substances. If, we did the procedure in any order, it would've been harder to separate
each substance, and some of the substances would've been

Separation Of A Mixture Lab
Separation of a Mixture
Purpose/Introduction
The purpose of this separation of a mixture lab is to give students the challenge of figuring out how
to separate a provided mixture, and following through with their procedure. The mixture is
composed of salt, sand, poppy seeds, and iron filings, and all of these components should be
separated and dried as well as possible by the end of the lab.
A pure substance is an element or compound with a constant composition, such as salt. Its
components stay in a fixed ratio to each other, and they can only be separated by relatively difficult
chemical means. A mixture is a physical combination of pure substances. Their compositions vary
and it is easy to physically separate them. Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture whose composition is uniform throughout. A heterogeneous is
the opposite – its composition is not uniform throughout.
Percent of the composition =
Diatomic = two atoms
Nitric Oxide:
Nitrogen and Oxygen:
Filtration is the process of separating fluids (liquids or gases) from solids by choosing a solvent and
dissolving one component but not the other, so that the dissolved component will pass through a
filter and the other won't. An example of this is a filter in an air conditioner to keep certain particles
out of the air. Decanting separates mixtures by removing one layer of a liquid in which a precipitate
has formed so the remaining part of the solution is pure. If a

Homogeneous Mixtures Lab Report
Thursday, October 28 in Ms. O'Brien's science class we performed two experiments. The first
experiment was called the Mixed Substances Lab. In this lab we were to see how properties of
individual substances compare with properties of mixed substances. There were three research
definitions that we needed to know. The first was the definition of a mixture, which is a combination
of two or more substances that are not combined chemically but physically. Secondly, the definition
of a homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures in which the substance is uniform
in structure or composition throughout. Lastly, the definition of heterogeneous mixtures. This is
when a solution consists of dissimilar parts of elements or when you can see the individual
elements. Our hypothesis was if the properties of individual substances compare with properties of
mixed substances and we mix water with cornstarch, then it will create a substance that's properties
switch between a solid and liquid that is a homogeneous mixture.
The objective of the Investigating Mixtures Lab was to observe that not all liquids behave the same
way when mixed with other liquids. The hypothesis was if not all liquids behave the same way when
mixed with other liquids and I mix colored water and vegetable oil then the vegetable oil will rise to
the top and separate. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because it was not uniform in structure or composition throughout the substance. You could
see both materials separately. If droplets of soap were added to the mixture of water and oil, the
water would be on the bottom because it is the densest liquid. The oil would be on the top, which
leaves the soap to be in the middle. This is because the oil is the least dense material and the soap is
less dense than water, but denser than oil. If this lab was done again with different types of oil it
would be expected to result in the same order. The water is denser than all

Separation Of Mixtures Lab Report
Introduction
Most of the materials that we use every day are mixtures. Learning about separating mixtures are
important since it allows us to separate unpolluted substances. A mixture can be one of two, either
homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are usually uniform while heterogeneous
mixtures aren't. An example of a homogeneous mixture would be salt water because when fully
dissolved, the appearance is uniform. An example of a heterogeneous mixture would be oil and
water. Both oil and water can be noticed visibly and can be separated from one another. In order for
one to separate a mixture, there are different methods that need to be thought out. Mixtures can be
separated by using a filtration and or an evaporation method. Filtration ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The objective of this lab in its entirety was to understand different methods that are used when
dealing with the separation of mixtures. There are different techniques such as decantation,
sublimation, evaporation, and filtration. Mixtures are a part of everyday life and it is important to
know whether or not a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous. In this experiment, we were able
to separate the mixture into sand and into salt through filtration and evaporation. The sand was
separated from the mixture through filtration. The salt was separated through evaporation because
salt has a higher boiling point than water does. When separating the sand from the rest of the
mixture, we were able to filter the salt and water through the filter paper because the filter will only
allow liquid to flow through and this will prevent the sand from draining. The salt was able to
separate because of the evaporation method. The solvent which is the distilled water evaporates,
while the solid particles (salt) are left

The Mystery Mixture And The Mystery Mixture
Introduction:
When faced with a problem a good scientist will use experiments, notes, debates, and more to their
advantage to solve the tough questions. A groups of scientists did just that when faced with a
problem of their own. A tiny vial with a white powdery substance in it was put in front of them, and
they needed to find out what was in it! Faced with nine possible ingredients in the Mystery
mixture, a well tray, a water dropper, and a toothpick, these scientists were a little overwhelmed,
but determined. One of the first things they did was look at the substance and compare it to their
own mixtures, using experiments or chemical properties. Chemical properties are a chemical's
reaction to another or more substances, and a change in it's identity. When they observed the
chemicals the students were using physical properties, or observing the chemical's smell, texture,
color, appearance, size, and shape. They believe Baking Soda and Citric acid are in the Mystery
Mixture.
Claim:
In order to show you why these students believe the mystery mixture is a combinations of NaHCO3
C6H8O7 I will need to show you the mixture's chemical and physical properties. The NaHCO3
C6H8O7 mixture is a bright white color, and has a slight airy smell. The claim also has a powdery
white substance or the NaHCO3. It also has small white spheres, that resemble the mystery
mixture's, which is probably the C6H8O7. The students have also learned through experimentation
that if you leave the

Essay about Identifying a Constituent of Panacetin
Emily Davis
Partner: None
Chemistry 253– TA: Alma Wellensiek
Lab 3: Identifying a Constituent of Panacetin
9/15/2011
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the unknown component of Panacetin.
Theory: Panacetin is an analgesic (pain reducing) and antipyretic (fever reducing) drug that is sold
in drug stores. However, there is a suspicion that this bottle may be counterfeit, not containing the
chemicals that it should. Panacetin should be made up of about 50 percent of the unknown
component that we previously separated out of Panacetin for testing. We suspect that this unknown
compound is either acetanilide or phenacetin, both of which can be toxic to humans. It is very
important that this component is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These were most likely impurities, in which case I added a bit more water than was necessary. Also,
the lab manual says to take two samples of each mixture (unknown; ½ phenacetin; ½ acetanilide) for
the melting point, but we only conducted one. There were a few safety concerns in this lab. Both
phenacetin and acetanilide are known to be mild irritants, thus contact with skin and eyes should be
avoided or minimized around the unknown. Another issue to keep in mind is that we will be moving
glass from hot to cold surfaces, which can cause the glass to crack or break. Extra care should be
taken when lowering the temperature of a beaker to avoid this issue.
Observations/ Results: When boiling the water before placing it in the unknown, my water never
actually came to a boil. It was steaming very heavily and I was losing a considerable amount of
water, especially from my smaller beaker, so I had to just assume that it was hot enough. This may
have affected the amount of material that I got to dissolve. Either way, the fact that it took 51mL
was a good indicator that my unknown was phenacetin, due to phenacetin having a much lower
solubility than acetanilide. I also noticed that even though I had put in more hot water than
phenacetin should have needed to dissolve (45.9mL), white flakes still remained in the beaker. I
assumed these to be impurities. Observations/

Separating Mixtures And Its Effect On The Body
Separating a mixture can be either very simple, or greatly complex. For example, a heterogeneous
mixture, such as a bowl of different types of candy, can be easily sorted by the color, size, or shape
of the individual candy. But homogenous mixtures, such as air, steel, or sugar water, takes
sometimes complicated procedures to break the mixture or solution down into its original form.
Separating mixtures can be done by using the differences in their properties, such as the color, size,
shape, boiling point, or density of a specific element (Brown et al., 2014, p. 13). There are many
types of methods to separating mixtures, which includes sublimation, crystallization, and simple or
fractional distillation. Sublimation is the process that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
465). The process of sublimation is sometimes used by chemists to purify compounds by placing
any solid into a vessel and then heating it (Sublimation (chemistry), 2008). The heated vessel is
then placed under a vacuum, a place that is empty of all matter, which evaporates the solid into a
vapor and then condenses it as a purified compound. This process is useful when trying to purify a
substance because it leaves the impurities of said substance behind (Sublimation (chemistry),
2008). Another type of sublimation is called dye sublimation which is used in color printing on
different types of materials like paper, t–shirts, hats, mugs, metals, puzzles and other different types
of surfaces. The process consists of heating a solid die material, which then solidifies onto the given
surface. Even with a low printer resolution, dye sublimation allows extreme control of the color
ratios that results in a good quality picture (Sublimation (chemistry), 2008). Another process that
separates mixtures is crystallization. Crystallization is the construction of solid crystals from a
homogeneous solution. (Haslego, 2010). For any solution to start the crystallization process, it must
first be supersaturated. Supersaturation is a state of any solution that contains more solute that is
needed to create a saturated solution under normal conditions. (Brown et al., 2014, p. 537). For

Separation Design Of A Homogeneous Mixture
MYP Chemistry, Period 4
Marian Walker
September 29, 2016
Separation Design Lab
Criterion A
A.i) A mixture is defined as a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined. A mixture that has a uniform composition and uniform properties throughout it is known
as a homogeneous mixture. One example of a homogeneous mixture is air. Air is a homogeneous
mixture of gases. Another example of a homogeneous mixture can be seen when you mix a spoonful
of table salt or sugar into a glass of water because either the sugar or salt dissolves. If you were to
mix dirt or sand and water, a heterogeneous mixture will be formed, not a homogeneous one.
(Stewart 2014) A heterogeneous mixture is made up of a non–uniform composition. At least two
components of a heterogeneous mixture must have clear distinctive differences. For example, if you
were to examine a heterogeneous mixture sample, you would be able to see the separate
components. Ice cubes in soda form a heterogeneous mixture because there is a clear distinction
between the soda and the ice cubes. (Helmenstine) A compound is formed when two or more
chemical elements are chemically bound together. A mixture does not involve a chemical reaction to
occur but in order to form a compound, one must occur. Two types of chemical bonds are ionic
bonds and covalent bonds. Water, hydrogen and oxygen, is an example of a compound. (Stewart
2014)
A.ii) Through the lab our goal was to separate an unknown mixture using

Ink After Separation : Ink Before Separation
|Activity:
Ink before separation:
█
The above shows a line indicating the marker
Ink after separation:
████████████████████
The above roughly indicates how the colors looked after the ink separated.
Introduction:
A substance is form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and can't be separated into
smaller particles. Similarly, a pure substance is a form of matter composed of a single type of
particle. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
and do not have a fixed ratio. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that looks the same throughout,
hinted by the prefix homo– which means same. Likewise, a heterogeneous mixture that can be
separated because of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additional techniques include magnetic separation and chromatography. The former separates a
mixture with iron–containing substances with a magnet while the latter separates a liquid by their
pigmentation.
Knowing specific methods made it possible to separate the substances. This contributed to the
purpose of the experiment which was to determine what in the given mixture had the higher percent
composition by mass in the sand, salt, and iron mixture. The percent composition is determined by
dividing the mass of the mixture by the mass of a substance, and then dividing it by 100. The
hypothesis made was that in the given mixture, if the mass of the sand is the greatest, it has the
highest percent composition by mass because more of a substance would mean that it has more
composition in the mixture.
Methods and Materials:
A small mixture of iron filings, sand, and sodium chloride in a penny bottle was obtained. The initial
weight of the mixture was taken by setting a beaker on the scale, calibrating the scale, and then
adding in the mixture from the bottle. A bar of magnet was covered with a paper towel to ensure that

the iron filings would not stick to the magnet after it was used. The weight of a glass plate was
measured so that additional weight from the mixture could be easily calculated. The paper towel
covered magnet was moved around in beaker to collect iron filings and emptied onto the glass

A Brief Note On Asphalt And Warm Mix Asphalt
Introduction
What is asphalt?
Asphalt is a mixture of coarse and fine aggregates (mainly stone and sand) mixed with bitumen
(asphalt cement).
The aggregates can be obtained from natural sources with the correct grading or from quarries
where crushed aggregates are processed. Quarry is usually the main source of aggregates for asphalt
mixtures.
Bitumen can also be obtained from natural sources, but these natural sources are only available in
certain countries. The main source of bitumen for asphalt mixtures is from petroleum processing
where bitumen is a byproduct of the distillation of crude oil. This by product is then further
processed to form bitumen of different grades.
Different asphalts
There is a variety of different asphalt mixture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cold mix is applied to the road paving, shaped and compacted while it is still in its plastic state.
After a while the water from the emulsion mixture evaporates and the mixture starts to harden.
Cold mix asphalt can be produced at any temperature above freezing. The products used are usually
mixed together at air temperature.
Cold mix asphalt is mainly used for maintenance purposes like pothole repair due to its essay
workability, and low production cost. Cold mix asphalt is used more in colder countries where it is
not always possible to use warm mix asphalts for maintenance due to the rapid cooling of these
warm products at cold temperatures.
Warm Mix Asphalt
Warm mix asphalt should not be confused with hot mix asphalt. The name hot or warm mix asphalt
is dependent on the temperature at which the asphalt is manufactured.
Hot mix asphalt is manufactured at temperatures ranging from 150 – 175 degrees celsius and mainly
used for paving on highways.
Warm mix asphalt is manufactured at temperatures ranging from 90 – 120 degrees celsius. Due to
the lower manufacturing temperature of warm mix asphalt it uses less energy per ton to produce.
Therefor it is cheaper to produce warm mix asphalt.
Additional binding materials and additives like wax and emulsions are added to soften the product
thus making it easier to spread at low temperatures.
Due to the fact that warm mix asphalt is more workable at lower temperatures than hot mix asphalts
it can be

Investigating Mixture Lab
Introduction
The objective for the Mixed Substances lab was to see how properties of an individual substance
compare with properties of mixed substances. Before creating a hypothesis or even continuing the
lab I had to research what a mixture is, what a homogeneous mixture is, and what a heterogeneous
mixture is. A mixture is the combination of two or more substances that are mixed together
physically; but, do not combine chemically. A homogeneous mixture is uniform in structure and
composition throughout a substance. In addition, a heterogeneous mixture consists of dissimilar
parts of elements. Finally, I could hypothesize; If there is water and cornstarch is mixed with it, then
it will mix to create a new substance that looks like a liquid; but, feels like a solid. Similarly, the
objective for the Investigating Mixtures lab was to observe that not all liquids behave the same
way mixed with other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The original substances were clear, liquid water and white, powdery cornstarch. When they were
mixed together the new substance looked like white glue; however, when I felt it, it had a hard
surface. The substance was not extremely sticky; but, it did cling to the bowl, spoon, and my fingers
quite a bit. The new mixture was made from a chemical change because the water and cornstarch
combined to create a hard goo. It is not a physical change because you can't physically separate the
two substances after mixing them together. Furthermore, the new substance also gained different
attributes such as, becoming adherent because before the cornstarch would just slip off of a surface
and water would just run down a surface; but, now that they are mixed the new substance flattens on
the same surface and sticks there. In addition, the new substance gains more energy because it does
become more of a solid. The molecules move faster and slowly move farther

Separation Of Mixtures Lab Report
How to Separate a Mixture of Iron, Sand, and Salt
The mixture of iron, sand, and salt can be separated by their physical properties. A mixture is a
combination of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined. Some properties of
mixtures include that only physical changes occur when creating mixtures and that they can be
separated by physical means. Mixtures also can be made with any ratio or amount of substances and
the substances themselves keep their identities. The combination of iron, sand, and salt, follow all
these rules so therefore it is a mixture. In this experiment, each substance in the mixture has a
physical property different from the others which allows it to be removed.
The first substance separated was iron. Iron ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Size matters because the larger particles will not go through the filter holes but smaller particles will
and solubility matters because if a substance is dissolved in another substance, it has a better chance
of going through the filter than just going undissolved. But as we attempted to filter out the sand,
there were a few variables that were not thought of such as a dirty collection beaker. If the beaker
was contaminated then the water would appear cloudy. Next, the filter was not locked in place
within the funnel. We could have poured down the sides of the filter by mistake and contaminated
water did not go through the filter and went into the beaker. Finally, we could have gotten impatient
and pushed the sand down with the stirring rod. This would cause the filter to rip and let larger sand
particles come through. Although filtration requires some patience, it is a solid method for
separating sand from the

Unknown Mixtures Lab Report
Background:
Mixtures are combinations pure substances, thus their physical properties depend on their
composition. Physical properties of a pure substance include solubility, conductivity, and
magnetism. By exploiting unique properties of mixtures, it is possible to divide the mixture into its
components. This is done by physical change, such as filtration, evaporation, and crystallization.
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to study the physical properties of salt, sand, and iron
and use this information to design and carry out a separation of an unknown mixture. The mass
percentage composition of the mixture can be calculated from the masses of the recovered
components.
Materials:
Iron Fillings ( Fe)
Salt (NaCl)
Sand (SiO2)
Magnet
Balance (Scale)
Distilled Water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iron is magnetic. In our lab, when we ran a magnet through the mystery mix, the iron jumped out
from the mix and clug to the magnet. We were able to sort out all of the iron using a magnet.
Magnetism is a physical property. The chemical make up stays the same. If it were a chemical
property, bonds would break: the the makeup of the material would change, but that was not the
case. The iron in our lab stayed the same.
5. The combination of salt and sand is a mixture. It is a physical combination with no fixed ratio. If
it were a compound, it would be a chemical combined elements in fixed ratios that could be
separated chemically only. In our lab, we were able to separate the different substances using
magnets, filters, and water, nothing chemical – we used physical properties.
6. In our lab, when we carried out the process of filtration, the sand remained on the filter paper. The
filtrate is not a pure substance. We mixed water into the mixture and the salt dissolved – that was
our filtrate. Therefore, the filtrate contains both water and salt, A pure substance is not mixed, the
entire sample is the same. Our filtrate was mixed. A homogenous mixture because there was no
observable

Identifying An Unknown Solid Using Melting Point
Identifying an Unknown Solid Using Melting Point and Mixed Melting Point Data
Shultz, Joshua T.
Chemistry 2210L
Results
The experimenters inserted a capillary tube containing approximately 2 to 3 mm of benzoic acid into
a manual Mel–Temp melting point apparatus. With the Mel–Temp dial set between 3 and 4, the
temperature increased at a steady rate of approximately 2° C per minute from a plateau set at 90° C.
The first appearance of liquid occurred at 119° C, and the benzoic acid completely melted by 122° C
giving a melting point range of 119° C to 122° C for benzoic acid. Repeating the procedure for 2–
naphthol returned a melting point range of 118° C to 123° C. Next, a 1:1 mixture of benzoic acid
and 2–naphthol received the same ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Melting Point Ranges of Known and Unknown Substances and Mixtures
Compound or Mixture Melting Point Range in °C
Benzoic Acid 119 – 122
2–Naphthol 118 – 123
1:1 Benzoic Acid and 2–Naphthol Mixture 88 – 92
Unknown 126 – 128
1:1 Unknown and Benzoic Acid Mixture 92 – 97
1:1 Unknown and Succinimide Mixture 118 – 122
1:1 Unknown and Urea Mixture 93 – 107
Discussion
A pure organic compound melts or freezes fairly sharply over a specific temperature range called its
melting point. This physical constant can help identify a substance. Generally, any impurity added to
a pure substance will lower its observed melting point and increase the range over which melting
occurs. Therefore, when two pure organic substances possess a similar melting point, a mixture
containing both substances will often melt at a lower temperature and over a broader range.
Conversely, if a mixture of a known and unknown substance actually contains a single substance,
the melting point of the mixture will not deviate from the melting point of the known.
Davis (1913) demonstrated that pairs of substances with similar melting points melted at lower

temperatures and over broader melting ranges when mixed. Since the separation and purification of
a compound from food or excretions often leaves toxicologists with very little material to examine,
Davis (1913) recommended the use of melting point and mixed melting point data for

Mixtures Lab Report
A mixture can be defined as a combination made by mixing two or more substances together. In
science, there are two main categories in which a mixture can be classified: homogeneous and
heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures in which substances are so evenly distributed
that one is not able to differentiate the substances from one another. Heterogeneous mixtures,
however, are mixtures in which the substances are able to be distinguished from one another since
they may be unevenly distributed. Within these two categories, a mixture is able to be further
classified into three special types of mixtures called solutions, suspensions, and colloids. A solution
is a homogeneous liquid mixture in which the solute is uniformly distributed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The larger components being the rocks, the smaller components being the sand, sugar, and iron
filings. The goal of this experiment was to test multiple separation methods on said mixture in an
attempt to separate each component of the mixture from the others. In order to achieve this goal,
multiple separation methods had to be chosen, the first of which was sifting. Sifting was chosen
seeing as it enabled the larger components of the mixture to easily be separated from the smaller
components. This is due to the fact that when put in the sifter, the rocks were too large to fall
through the mesh in the sifter, while the sand, sugar, and iron filings were small enough to fall
through the mesh. Therefore showing that that sifting was chosen because it enabled the rocks to be
separated from the smaller components of the mixture. Magnetic attraction was chosen seeing as it
allowed the magnetic iron filings to be separated from the nonmagnetic components of the mixture
with the use of a magnet. Seeing as the filings were the only magnetic component of the mixture,
they were the only component which would be attracted to a magnet. Therefore, the method of
magnetic attraction was chosen seeing as it allowed the iron filings to be attracted out of the mixture
and to a magnet, effectively separating the filings from the remaining two components of the
mixture. The method of filtration was chosen because it allowed the sugar, in the liquid state of
matter, to be filtered away from the

Nuts and Bolts Lab Essays
Nuts and Bolts
Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to correctly describe and distinguish samples and models of
elements, compounds, and mixtures.
The lab asks you to examine conceptual models of matter in which atoms of one element are
represented by nuts while atoms of another element are represented by bolts. After examining each
model, complete the following tasks:
a. sketch a representative molecular picture of the model;
b. describe the composition of the model in words (does the model contain atoms, molecules, or
both?; does the model represent elements, compounds, or both?; does the model represent a pure
substance or a mixture?)
c. write the chemical formula of the model, using B as the symbol for a bolt and N ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. How many names would you need if you were given a compound? Would you need to use and
anywhere? You would need as many names as the elements from which atoms are chemically
combined. You would not need to use and.
4. How many names would you need if you were given a mixture? Would you need to use and
anywhere?
If you were given a mixture, you would need as many names as the substnaces you mixed, and you
would use and.
5. Are atoms and molecules different, or these just two words that mean the same thing? Explain or
give examples.
Molecules are a bond of two atoms, while and atom is the simplest form.
6. Are elements and compounds different, or are these just two words that mean the same thing?
Explain or give examples.
A water molecule is made of 1 hydrogen and 2 oxygen atoms combined, but separated they are not
water.
7. Elements and compounds are two kinds of pure substances, materials built of identical
microscopic units. Give an example of (a) an element whose basic unit is an atom; (b) an element
whose basic unit is a molecule; (c) a compound whose basic unit is a molecule. Is it possible to have
a compound whose basic unit is an atom?
A) carbon – basic unit is an atom

B) hydrogen– basic unit is a molecule
C)
8. Draw a picture illustrating the difference between a homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
Data recording templates. Don't record data here, it goes in your lab notebook. Use charts like these
to

Sodium Bicarbonate Lab
Introduction: A mixture, unlike a compound, can be separated by physical means. There are multiple
ways in which a mixture can be separated; furthermore, the ways it can be separated is based on
what the mixture is made up of. The mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate can be
separated due to the different temperatures at which the carbonate and bicarbonate decompose. This
separation is the focus of the experiment. The bicarbonate decomposes when heated by the Bunsen
burner. The carbonate also will decompose but at a much higher temperature. So, when the
bicarbonate is heated it decomposes into carbonate, and during the decomposition it releases water
and carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the amount of water and carbon dioxide released can be found by
finding the difference in mass of the original mixture (before heating) and the final mixture (after
heating). The mass of the water and carbon dioxide can be used to find the percent composition of
bicarbonate in the mixture.
Results:
Measurement Mass
Mass of Crucible and Lid 32.479 grams
Mass of Crucible, Lid, and Mixture (whole) 34.505 grams
Mass of whole After 1st Burn 33.851 grams
Mass of whole ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, assuming crucible was fully cooled after heating crucible and bicarbonate, the original mass
of crucible and bicarbonate/carbonate mixture minus the mass of crucible and bicarbonate/carbonate
mixture after heating would make it appear the reaction yielded a lesser amount of oxygen gas and
carbon dioxide than it actually did. And since the amount of bicarbonate is directly related to the
amount of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide, the new lesser calculated bicarbonate divided by the
added amount of sodium bicarbonate would decrease the percent of

Isolating the Components of a Three Component Mixture Essay
CHE 151–50
Fall 2013
Lab report
Isolating the Components of a Three Component Mixture
The purpose of this experiment was to separate the component of three mixtures sand, sodium
chloride and calcium carbonate then calculate the percentage by mass of each component recovered
from the mixture. The other purpose of this experiment was to show us the students the concepts
associated with physical and chemical properties of substances.
Me and my lab partner, obtained a mixture of a un known proportion from the instructor and then
flow the guide line in our lab manual to separate the mixture by applying the separation method
motioned in our lab manual pages 33–40 . In this experiment, the separation methods were
decantation, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The composition of a pure substance is constant, and thus pure substances have characteristic
physical properties that do not change and this is why we are able to separate each element in this
lab experiment. Examples of physical properties that can be used to describe pure substances
include solubility, conductivity, magnetism, density, boiling point, and melting point.
Since we obtain an unknown proportion of a mixture, it's important to mention that a mixture is a
result of a combination of two or more pure substances that do not react chemically. The physical
properties of a mixture depend on its composition because the amounts of each substance making up
a mixture can vary. By taking advantage of the unique physical properties of individual components
within a mixture, it should be possible to separate a mixture into its components. Mixtures have the
following fundamental properties:
1each component of a mixture retains its chemical identity and hence its own properties.
2 Composition of a mixture may vary while that of its components is fixed.
3 Mixtures can be separated into these components by using physical methods like, decantation,
distillation, evaporation, crystallization, sublimation, and filtration.
In this lab, a mixture of three solids was separated to their individual components through
decantation,

Mixed Substances Lab Report
In the lab titled Mixed Substances, our objective was to see how properties of individual
substances compare with properties of mixed substances. A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances that are mixed physically but not chemically. For example, trail mix would be a mixture
due to the dissimilar parts combined physically. There are two types of mixtures, homogeneous and
heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in structure or composition. An example of a
homogeneous mixture would be milk or a popsicle because you could not see the different parts.
Heterogeneous mixtures have consistencies of dissimilar parts such as pizza or salad. The
hypothesis of the experiment was that the cornstarch would mix with the water to make ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The water did not mix with the oil but the water did mix with the blue food coloring making the
water remain clear but blue. The oil is more dense than the water making the oil float to the top
while the water stays on the the bottom of the glass. When the group flipped the container upside–
down, the oil moved through the water and rose back up to the top of the container. The water had
the less density due to it sitting on the bottom of the container while the oil stayed on the surface of
the water.
If soap was added to the experiment, I think that they would mix because soap is what breaks the oil
when washing dishes because they have around the same densities. The mixture was a
heterogeneous mixture because you could see the dissimilar parts (the oil and the water). The
hypothesis was correct because the oil never mixed with the water and the oil was always on top of
the water. If I could do this experiment again, I would use seawater to see how the oil would react
with

Under What Conditions Is An Acetanilide Is A Heterogeneous...
This experiment uses the separation technique of filtering. What type of mixtures can be separated
using filtering? Is filtering a physical or chemical filtering technique?
Filtration can only be used to separate a solid from a liquid. Typically, the mixture is heterogeneous
because filtration is a physical filtering technique that separates components that has noticeably
different size.
2) Under what conditions is an acetanilide/water mixture a solution? a heterogeneous mixture? An
acetanilide/water mixture is considered a solution when the acetanilide is completely dissolved in
water above the melting point of the acetanilide. An acetanilide/water solution is a heterogeneous
mixture when it is below the melting point of the acetanilide,

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