Industrial safety unit iii ppt

1. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Ms. V.KANNAGI
Associate Professor/ECE
R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology

2. UNIT III
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Industrial Health Hazards
Environmental Control
Industrial Noise
Noise measuring instruments
Control of Noise
Vibration
Personal Protection

3. Industrial Health Hazards
• Also called as occupational diseases
• those diseases caused by the exposure to specific
hazards at the workplace.
Characteristics:-
 Occurs mainly at working places
 Exposure to workplace is essential
 Notifiable and compensable

4. Industrial Health Hazards
Depending upon the occupation an industrial
worker may be exposed to five types of hazards:-
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards

5. Physical Hazards
Heat and cold
Light
Noise
Vibration
Ultraviolet radiation
Ionizing radiation

6. HEAT AND COLD
HEAT COLD
Direct effects:-
Burns
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke and
Heat cramps
Indirect effects:-
Decreased efficiency
Increased fatigue
Enhanced accidents rates
Effects associated with cold
works are:-
Chilblains
Erythrocyanosis
Frostbite
General hypothermia

7. LIGHT
POOR ILLUMINATION EXCESSIVE
BRIGHTNESS
Acute effects:-
 Eye strain
 Headache
 Eye pain
 Lacrimation
 Congestion around
cornea
 Eye fatigue
Chronic effects:-
 Miner’s nystagmus
Effects due to glare :-
 Discomfort,
annoyance and visual
fatigue
 Blurring of vision

8. NOISE
Auditory effects Non-auditory effects
Temporary hearing loss
 Permanent hearing loss
Nervousness
 Fatigue
 Interference in
communication by speech
Decreased efficiency and
annoyance
The degree of injury from the exposure to the noise
depends upon a number of factors such as intensity and
frequency range, duration of exposure and individual
susceptibility.

9. VIBRATION
 It is encountered in work with drills and hammers
 Continuous work with such machines affects hands
and arms.
 The blood vessels of fingers may become
increasingly sensitive to spasm.
 It may also produce injuries of the joints of the
hands, elbow shoulder.

10. Atmospheric Contaminants
 Dusts
 Fumes
 Gases
 Mists
 Smoke
 Vapors

11. Chemical Mixtures
One compound is mixed with others to produce
a more desirable product.
To decrease its flammability or toxicity or
increase its solvent power.
If one compound is less volatile than the balance
of the mixture, the more volatile chemical will
evaporate more rapidly and thus change the
composition of the mixture and eventually alter
its properties as well.

12. Detection and Sampling
 presence of a number of industrial atmospheric
contaminants may be indicated by the senses of smell
and vision
 these senses will not detect harmful concentrations or
distinguish a toxic substance
Industrial hygiene engineer
 qualitative and quantitative measurement of a work
atmosphere's contaminants
 instruments for the detection and concentration
evaluation of some contaminants
 conveniently employed by safety specialists in their
inspection programs

13. Environmental Control
Approaches considered for preventing the inhalation of hazardously
contaminated air:
 Substitution, for hazardous compounds of less toxic materials.
 Process or operation revision.
 Segregation of hazardous processes.
 Enclosing of hazardous operations.
 Local exhaust ventilation.
 Design, alteration, maintenance and housekeeping of buildings and
equipment.
 General ventilation.
 Use of special methods, such as 'wetting' for dust control.
 Personal protective equipment.
 Education.

14. Industrial Noise
Noise has recently been recognized as a major
industrial health problem.
Aging
Temporary losses of hearing
Related effects of noise frequency and intensity

15. Noise Measuring Instruments
• Sound-level meter
• A-weighted network
• C-weighted network
• Octave band analyzer
• Dosimeters

16. Human Auditory System

17. Effects of Noise on the
Auditory System
Two types of hearing loss:
 acoustic trauma
 noise induced hearing loss

18. Control of Noise
The noise problem is usually divided into three
components:
(1) the source of noise
(2) the routes traveled by the sound, and
(3) the individual(s) exposed.

19. Control of Noise
Monitoring
Audiometric Testing
Recordkeeping
Hearing Protectors

20. Vibration
a potential occupational health hazard
transmittal of energy to the human body
considered periodic if the oscillation around a
position of equilibrium repeats itself exactly at
regular Intervals
The motion can be characterized at any time by
(1)displacement from the equilibrium position;
(2)velocity, or rate of change of displacement;
(3)acceleration or rate of change of velocity.

21. Effects of vibration
Types of exposure:
• Whole-body vibration
• Segmental vibration
Effects:
resonant effects
physiological and psychological effects
biologic effects

22. ACTIVITY BASED
LEARNING
QUIZ

23. 1. Which of the following is non-repetitive
impulse noise?
a) Jack hammer
b) Whisper
c) Quiet office
d) None of the above

24. 2. What is considered the maximum limit of
continuous exposure to noise over eight-hour
days without protection?
a) 150 dBA
b) 3.5 dBA
c) 90 dBA
d) 20 dBA

25. 3. Which of the following factors
distinguishes noise from sound?
a) Intensity of noise
b) Duration of exposure
c) Type of noise
d) Unwanted sound

26. 4. What kind of information should be
included on an audiometric form?
a) Employee name
b) Test location
c) Tested by
d) All of the above

27. 5. Sound is any change in pressure that can
be detected by the ear.
a) True
b) False

28. 6. A normal conversation produces a noise
level of-
a) 30 dB
b) 60 dB
c) 65 dB
d) 70 dB

29. 7. How can noise be minimized in open
office settings?
a) Follow cubicle culture instead of open office plans
b) Provide acoustically designed spaces for private
meetings and telephone calls
c) Provide partitions/cubicles designed to absorb
sound
d) Options B and C
e) Option A and B

30. 8. Effects of noise on a worker can include -
a) Stress & fatigue
b) Low morale
c) Low job satisfaction
d) Frequent illnesses
e) All of the above

31. 9. OSHA recommends a three-step process for
investigating the possibility of the presence
of toxic mold in the workplace. Which of the
following are the three steps?
a) Interviewing employees about symptoms
b) Conducting an on-site review of the
workplace
c) On-site environmental evaluation
d) All of the above

32. 10. Toxic effects are a function of several
factors. Which of the following is not a
factor?
a) Route of entry
b) Time of day
c) Level of exposure
d) Amount of dose

33. 11. Which of the following is associated with
chronic effects/exposures of toxic substances?
a) Sudden dose
b) Severe reaction
c) Cause immediate health problems
d) Little or no awareness of exposures on the
part of affected workers

34. 12. What are the key concepts in the Indoor
Air Quality Standard?
a) Application flexibility
b) Acceptable air quality
c) Tobacco smoke
d) All of the above

35. Personal Protection

36. Personal Protective Equipment
 commonly referred to
as “PPE”
 protective equipment
used for work-related,
occupational health and
safety purposes
 equipment worn to
minimize exposure to
hazards that cause
serious workplace
injuries and illnesses.

37. Personal Protective Equipment
 PPE is designed to protect the worker’s body from
hazards and injuries.
 These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with
chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or
other workplace hazards.
 a wide variety of equipment are available for protecting
the body from job-related and other injuries.
 PPE helps you comply with regulations and promotes
facility safety.

38. Personal Protective Equipment
 Eye & Face
Protection
 Hearing
Protection
 Hand/Skin
Protection
 Body Protection
 Foot Protection
 Respiratory
Protection

39. Eye Protection
Specific equipment for protection against the
possibility of the eye's being struck by
 hard, small objects
 exposed to irritant vapors
 splashed by liquid irritants
 irritated from exposure to radiant energy, such
as the ultraviolet rays produced by the striking
of an electrical arc in electric welding operations

40. Eye Protection - Types
1. Goggle
2. Cover Goggle

41. Eye Protection - Types
3. Antiglare goggles
 Glare
 injurious light rays
 flying sparks and scale
Uses:
acetylene welding and cutting
burning
brazing
electric arc and open-hearth furnace operation
electric arc welding
carbon arc welding

42. Eye Protection - Types
3. Antiglare goggles
Lenses are chosen according to operations as follows:
 Shades 3 and 4 filter lenses -metal pouring and furnace work
 Shade 5 -light gas cutting and welding
 Shade 6 -gas cutting, medium gas welding and arc welding
up to 30 amperes.
 Shade 8 - heavy gas welding - over 30 but not exceeding 76
amperes
 Shade 10 - over 75 but not exceeding 200 amperes.
 Shade 12 - over 200 but not exceeding 400 amperes.
 Shade 14 - over 400 amperes is used.

43. Eye Protection - Types
Chemical Protection
Goggles
Anti-Contamination
Goggle
Dust Protection
Goggles

44. Eye Protection - Types
Head-frame Goggles Chemical vapor
lenses
Wire Mesh Cover
Spectacles

45. Face and Eye Protection

46. Finger, Hand, and Arm Protection

47. Finger, Hand, and Arm Protection
Finger cots or
stalls Gloves—band cuff
Guard cuff Asbestos
Fabric Cuff
Leather Cuff

48. Finger, Hand, and Arm Protection
Fiber Cuff
Metal Cuff
Plastic Cuff
Sleeves
Mittens
Hand pads

49. Foot and Leg Protection

50. Foot and Leg Protection
Boots
Chaps Leather Chaps
Heel and Ankle
Guard Foot and Shin
Guard
Shin Guard

51. Head Protection
Head safeguards
Hard hats
Protective caps

52. Noise Safeguards
Ear Plug
Cushion or
Doughnut
Helmet

53. Respiratory Protective Equipment
Selection of Respiratory Protective Devices:
Name of the contaminant to be guarded
Properties
Emergency situations or nonemergency
situations
Limiting factors of the jobs

54. Suitability of Respiratory
Equipment
Chemical cartridge respirators
These respirators should not be used for contaminants
 Those are extremely poisonous in very small
concentrations (e.g. hydrogen cyanide)
 Those are not effectively absorbed chemically (e.g.,
carbon monoxide).
 Those are not easily identified by odor (e.g., methyl
chloride, hydrogen sulfide).
 Those are irritating to the eyes (e.g., sulfur dioxide).
Canister type gas masks

55. Respiratory Protective Devices
Chemical cartridge
respirators
Gas masks
Mechanical-
filter respirators
Self-contained
breathing apparatus

56. Respiratory Protective Devices
Hose mask with
blower
Hose mask
without a blower
Air-line respirators

57. OSHA Approved Labels
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Teamster type gas masks
Supplied air respirators
Airline respirators
Mechanical filter (dispersoid) respirators

58. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
PROGRAM
Requirements for a minimal acceptable program:
 Written standard operating procedures
 Selection of respirators
 Instruction and training to the user
 Respirators assigned to individual workers
 Cleaning regularly and disinfected
 Stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location.
 Inspected during cleaning and deteriorated parts, if any, replaced.
 Appropriate surveillance of work areas
 Persons should not be assigned to tasks
 Approved or accepted respirators

59. Safety Belts

60. Special Equipment

61. Training
Training requirements:
Each employee who is required to use PPE must be
trained to know:
 When PPE is necessary
 What PPE is necessary
 How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and
wear the PPE
 The limitation of the PPE
 Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and
disposal of PPE

62. Responsibilities
The employer is required to:
Perform hazard assessment
Provide appropriate PPE
Train employees
Maintain/replace PPE
Review/update/evaluate PPE Program

63. Responsibilities
The employer is required to pay for PPE used to
comply with OSHA standards
Examples
Metatarsal foot protection
Rubber boots with steel toes
Non-prescription eye protection
Prescription eyewear inserts/lenses for full face respirators
Goggles and face shields
Fire fighting PPE
Hard hats
Hearing protection
Welding PPE

64. Responsibilities
Employer payment exemptions
 Non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear and non-
specialty prescription safety eyewear
 Everyday clothing
 Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely
for protection from weather
 Consumer safety items worn by food workers
 Lifting belts
 When employee lost or intentionally damaged PPE

65. Responsibilities
The employee is required to:
 Properly wear PPE
 Attend PPE training
 Care for, clean, and maintain PPE
 Inform supervisor of needs for repair/replacement