The document discusses Neisseria, a genus of Gram-negative cocci that includes the human pathogens N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, while N. meningitidis most commonly causes meningitis. The document provides details on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infections caused by these Neisseria species.

1. GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI Dr Kamran Afzal Classified Microbiologist

3. Family: Neisseriaceae Genus: Neisseria

7. Potential for PID Potential scar tissue blockage - infertility

17. Meningitis

19. Etiology Infectious

20. Non-infectious

21. Etiology according to Patient Age Age Common bacteria Birth - 1 month S. agalactiae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, enterococcus species 1 - 3 months S. agalactiae, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis 3 months to over 15 years S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

22. Neisseria meningitidis Spread of bacteria from a nasopharyngeal infection to blood and CSF

23. Pathogenesis

27. Complications

29. CSF evaluation Positive (MTB) Negative Positive Negative Culture Increased +/- Increased Increased 5-40 Protein < 30% Normal <40% 66% CSF : plasma Glucose ratio Decreased Normal Decreased 60-80 Glucose Increased Predominate Late 5 Lymphocytes +/- increased Early Predominate 0 Polymorphs <500 <1000 >1000 0-5 Cells TB Viral Bacterial Normal

38. Meningococcemia Septicemia and fulminant meningococcemia

40. Skin Lesions of Meningococcemia NOTE: Petechiae have coalesced into hemorrhagic bullae