types of media networks, a useful topic in ICT

1. Network Media Types

2. Network Media
 is the actual path over which an electrical signal travels as it
moves from one component to another.
The Communication Medium/Network Media plays an important
role in Networks. If the medium works well and properly, then the
speed of transferring data is good but if the medium is not working
properly, then your data would be delayed or would not be sent or
even can be lost during transmission. In Computer Networks, we call
this speed of transmitting data, as DATA RATE.

3. Two Types of networks that can be set-up
1. Wired Network
2. Wireless Network

4. WIRED NETWORK
is mostly set-up using an Ethernet Cable.
This can be done using 3 technologies:
1. Twisted Pair Wires(UTP cable, STP cable)
2. Coaxial Cables
3. Fibre Optics

5. WIRED NETWORK
1. TWISTED PAIR WIRES
This technology was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
These wires are the most oldest means of communication in
computer networking. For more than 100 years, the phone
technology has used these wires. Most usage of these
twisted wires is in our homes and offices.
The least expensive mode of communication used in
networks.

6. In this, there is a pair of 2 copper wire, each 1-2
mm thick, enrolled on each other in a spiral
pattern. These are used to avoid interference
from the nearby similar pairs. There are number
of pairs bundled together in a cable by wrapping
the pairs in a protective shield. A pair consists of
a single communication link.

7. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
UTP cable is a medium that is composed
of pairs of wires. UTP cable is used in a
variety of networks. Each of the eight
individual copper wires in UTP cable ¥is
covered by an insulating material. In
addition, the wires in each pair are
twisted around each other.

8. SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
 Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding,
cancellation, and wire twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a metallic
foil. The four pairs of wires then are wrapped in an overall metallic braid
or foil. STP usually is installed with STP data connector, which is created
especially for the STP cable. However, STP cabling also can use the same
RJ connectors that UTP uses.
 Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding,
cancellation, and wire twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a metallic
foil. in an overall metallic is installed with STP data connector, which is
created esbraid or foil. STP usually pecially for the STP cable. However,
STP cabling also can use the same RJ connectors that UTP uses.

9. CATEGORIES
OF

10. COAXIAL CABLES
 Coaxial Cables same as twisted Wire cables consists of two copper wire. But in
this, the two wires are concentric to each other. Coaxial Cables has a wire
conductor in the centre , a circumferential outer conductor known as foil shield,
and an insulating medium called the dielectric separating these two
conductors. The outer conductor is protected in an outer jacket.

11. TYPES OF COAXIAL CABLES
Rg-58
 Use for computer Networking
Rg-59
 Use for cable Televisions
Rg-6
 Use for Satellites

12. COAXIAL CABLES
Advantage Disadvantage
• Very Resistant to electromagnetic
interference and to physical
damage
• More expensive than other cables
• The biggest disadvantage is this
type of cable is not supported
anymore by fast networking
standards with its speed of 10
mbps

13. FIBRE OPTICS
 An optical fibre is a flexible, thin, transparent fibre made of
high quality glass or plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. Or
you can also say an optical fibre is a thin, flexible medium that
conducts pulses of light, with each pulse representing a bit of
your data. Fibre optics can generate high Data Rates, so these are
used for long distance communications that require high speed
and least data loss. Optical Fibres have no electromagnetic
interference and can process data at GB/sec of speed. This
quality has made them popular in long run data transfers.
 binsonbaingan@yahoo.com may272006

14. 2 types of FIBRE OPTICS
SINGLE MODE
 Single light travels from the inside
 Very very thin, that light do not bounce
 Use for very long distance
 More expensive than multimode
MULTIMODE
 More than a single light travels
 Light bounces
 Cannot be use for very very long distance

15. Media
Type
Speed Cost Advantages Disadvantages
UTP 10 Mbps to
1000 Mbps
Least Expensive Easy to install; widely
available and widely used
Susceptible to interference;
can cover only a limited
distance
STP 10 Mbps to
100 Mbps
More Expensive
than UTP
Reduced crosstalk; more
resistant to EMI than UTP
Difficult to work with; can
cover only a limited Distance
COAXIAL 10 Mbps to
100 Mbps
Relatively
inexpensive,
but more
costly than UTP
Less susceptible to EMI
interference than other
types of copper media
Difficult to work with; damage
to cable can bring down entire
network
FIBER
OPTIC
100 Mbps
100 Gb/s
Expensive Cannot be tapped, so
security is better; can be
used over great distances;
is not susceptible to EMI;
has a higher data rate than
coaxial and twisted-pair
Cable
Difficult to Terminate
MEDIA TYPE COMPARISON

16. WIRELESS NETWORK
 Wireless communication uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves t
transmit data between devices on a LAN. For wireless LANs, a key component is th
wireless hub, or access point, used for signal distribution.
 To receive the signals from the access point, a PC or laptop must install a wireles
adapter card (wireless NIC).
 Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that can travel through the vacuum o
outer space and through a medium such as air. Therefore, no physical medium
necessary for wireless signals, making them a very versatile way to build a network.

17. Some common applications of wireless data
communication:
• Accessing the Internet using a cellular phone
• Establishing a home or business Internet connection over sat
• Beaming data between two hand-held computing devices
• Using a wireless keyboard and mouse for the PC

18. WIRELESS NETWORK
 Radio waves
are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths greater than infra-red radiations.
There frequency varies from as high as 300 GHz to as low as 3 KHz . They travel by
speed of light. Radio Waves can be natural and artificial also.
Radio Waves doesn't need any physical wire to travel. They can penetrate
through air, through walls and windows and can be used to deliver long distances
messages.
Natural Radio Waves occur due to lighting
Artificial Radio waves are used in mobile, radio communication, radar
systems etc.

19. WIRELESS NETWORK
Infrared
 The wireless remote controls used with appliances such as televisions and stereos communicate
with infrared transmissions. Infrared is limited to a small area (e.g. a single room), and usually
requires that the transmitter be pointed towards the receiver.
 Infrared hardware is inexpensive compared to other mechanism, and does into require and
antenna.
 Computer networks can use infrared technology for data communication. For example, it is
possible to equip a large room with single infrared connection that provide network access to all
computer in the room.

20. WIRELESS NETWORK
Bluetooth
Bluetooth technology that enables short-range wireless connections
between desktop and notebook computer, handhelds, personal digital
assistants, mobile phones, camera phones, printers, digital cameras,
headsets, keyboards and even a computer mouse.
Bluetooth wireless technology uses a globally available frequency
band 2.4 GHz for worldwide compatibility with the 10 meter range.

21.  Communication Satellites
A communication satellite links two or more transmitter or receiver that are
situated on Earth, called as Ground Stations. The satellite receives the message
message or transmission on one frequency band, reproduce the signal using a
repeater and transmits the signal or the message on another frequency. There
are basically two types of satellites are used in communications. These are:
(a) Geostationary Satellites
(b) Low Earth Orbiting satellites (LEO satellites)
WIRELESS NETWORK

22. LEO and GEO Satellites

23. done