This document discusses different types of computer networks and network cabling. It describes wired networks that use cables like unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair (STP), coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It also discusses wireless networks and issues like wireless security. Advantages of wireless networks include mobility and fast setup, while disadvantages include potential security issues and slower speeds compared to wired connections. The document provides an overview of key network cabling types and considerations for both wired and wireless computer networks.

1. University Of Salahaddin
College Of Science
Computer Department

2.  Content :
 Introduction for network
 Network’s cabling
 Categories of UTP cables
 Wireless network
 Wireless security
 Advantage wireless network
 Disadvantage wireless network
 conclusion
 resources

3. Introduction for Network
 A network consists of 2 or more computers connected together, and they can
communicate and share resources (e.g. information) .there are so many kinds of
network there are:

• Based on transmission media: Wired (UTP, coaxial cables, fiber-optic
cables) and Wireless
• Based on network size: LAN and WAN (and MAN)
• Based on management method: Peer-to-peer and Client/Server
• Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring …

4. kinds of network which Based on network size:

5.  What is Network Cabling?
 Cable is the medium through which information usually
moves from one network device to another. There are
several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs
The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the
network's topology, protocol, and size.

6.  The following sections discuss the types of cables used in networks
and other related topics:
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Wireless LANs
 Twisted pair cabling comes in two varieties: shielded and
unshielded. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is the most
popular
Network Cabling

7.  Categories of UTP Cables
 EIA classifies UTP cables according to the quality:
 Category 1 ― the lowest quality, only good for voice, mainly found in very old
buildings, not recommended now
 Category 2 ― good for voice and low data rates (up to 4Mbps for low-speed token
ring networks)
 Category 3 ― at least 3 twists per foot, for up to 10 Mbps (common in phone
networks in residential buildings)
 Category 4 ― up to 16 Mbps (mainly for token rings)
 Category 5 (or 5e) ― up to 100 Mbps (common for networks targeted for high-
speed data communications)
 Category 6 ― more twists than Cat 5, up to 1 Gbps

8. 2) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
 STP cables are similar to UTP cables, except there is a metal foil or
braided-metal-mesh cover that encases each pair of insulated wires
 Although UTP cable is the least expensive cable, if you must place
cable in extremely sensitive environments that may be susceptible to the
electrical current in the UTP, shielded twisted pair may be the solution.
 Shielded cables can also help to extend the maximum distance of the
cables.

9. 3) Coaxial Cable
 Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center. A plastic
layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided
metal shield .The metal shield helps to block any outside interference
from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers.
 The two types of coaxial cabling are thick coaxial and thin coaxial.

10. 4) Fiber Optic Cable:
 Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass core surrounded by
several layers of protective materials . It transmits light rather
than electronic signals eliminating the problem of electrical
interference.
 Fiber optic cable has the ability to transmit signals over much
longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair. It also has the
capability to carry information at vastly greater speeds.
 The center core of fiber cables is made from glass or plastic
fibers . A plastic coating then cushions the fiber center, and
Kevlar fibers help to strengthen the cables and prevent breakage.
The outer insulating jacket made of Teflon or PVC.
 There are two common types of fiber cables -- single mode and
multimode.

11. Kinds Of Network Cabling:
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
shielded Twisted
Pair (sTP) Cable unshielded twisted
pair (uTP) Cable

12. Wireless Networks
 More and more networks are operating without cables, in the wireless
mode. Wireless LANs use high frequency radio signals, infrared light
beams, or lasers to communicate between the workstations, servers, or
hubs.
 The two most common types of infrared communications used in
schools are line-of-sight and scattered broadcast

13. Wireless Networks

14. Wireless Security
 Wireless networks are much more susceptible to unauthorized use than cabled networks.
Wireless network devices use radio waves to communicate with each other
 Three basic techniques are used to protect networks from unauthorized wireless use. Use any
and all of these techniques when setting up your wireless access points:
 Encryption.
Enable the strongest encryption supported by the devices you will be connecting to the network.
Use strong passwords
 Isolation.
Use a wireless router that places all wireless connections on a subnet independent of the
primary private network. This protects your private network data from pass-through internet
traffic
 Hidden SSID.
Every access point has a Service Set Identifier (SSID) that by default is broadcast to client
devices so that the access point can be found. By disabling this feature, standard client
connection software won't be able to "see" the access point.

15.  Advantages of wireless networks:
Mobility - With a laptop computer or mobile device, access can be available
throughout a school, at the mall, on an airplane, etc. More and more businesses are
also offering free Wi-Fi access ("Hot spots").
Fast setup - If your computer has a wireless adapter, locating a wireless network can
be as simple as clicking "Connect to a Network" -- in some cases, you will connect
automatically to networks within range.
Cost - Setting up a wireless network can be much more cost effective than buying
and installing cables.
Expandability - Adding new computers to a wireless network is as easy as turning the
computer on (as long as you do not exceed the maximum number of devices).

16. Disadvantages of wireless networks:
 Security - Be careful. Be vigilant. Protect your sensitive data with
backups, isolated private networks, strong encryption and passwords
 Speed - The transmission speed of wireless networks is improving;
however, faster options (such as gigabit Ethernet) are available via cables. If
you are only using wireless for internet access, the actual internet connection
for your home or school is generally slower than the wireless network devices.

17. This year, devices with embedded wireless local area
networking (WLAN) capability will top one billion and by 2015.

18. CONCLUSION
 Installing a wireless network in your home or small business can
provide a simple, inexpensive networking solution, especially
compared to retrofitting an existing building to a wired Ethernet
network. Properly configured and secured, a wireless network does
not expose network users to greater risks than they would face
attached to a traditional wired network. you can use it everywhere
home small offices school colleagues .

19.  REFERENCES
 (For Books or a report)

 1. Florida Center for Instructional Technology
 College of Education,
 University of South Florida
 Dr. Roy Winkelman, Director
 http://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap1/chap1.htm
 http://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
 2. "Network Cables". Networktutorials.info. Retrieved 2012-10-16
 (For Hyperlinks)
 3. http://dv02.co.uk/how-to-choose-a-wireless-lan/
 4. http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/devices.html
 5. http://www.networkmuseum.net/2011/05/stp-shielded-twisted-pairs.html
