African Americans In Prison

African Americans In Prison
There have been 100,000 African Americans in prison since Brown vs Board of education. The article states that the trend will continue, 1 of
every 3 African American males are apparently born today can expect to go to prison in their time, 1 in 6 Latino males, compared to 1 in every 17
White males. But for women, it is much lower, but the ethnicity does not change: 1 out of 18 African Americans, 1 out of 45 Hispanics, and finally 1
of every 111 White females, are expected to serve some time in prison. At any given day, 1 in every 13African American males between 30 to 39 will
incarcerated in a state or federal prison on any given day. This compares to the demographics of the group because in communities of color they are
not affected only by incarceration but by high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prison wardens are not able to continue. There are three ways that the article wants to alleviate racial biases. They are 1) leveling the playing field. This
provides sentencing options for the courts with a greater number of defendants court be sentenced in the community. This is then avoiding
incarceration while permitting offenders. 2) Invest in high school completion. There has been studies that 68% of dropout students, end up in jail. If
there is high school completion this will help increase the off set of rate of improvement. 3) Adopt racial statement legislation. THis is environmental
impact and racial impact that requires police to consider any racial effects of sentencing.
The racial disparities article also shares that even though the article focuses on adults, juvenile justice cases often have extreme racial/ethnic disparities
as well. Apparently, therace and ethnic disparities are often more noticeable in the beginning of Juvenile justice system. From other cases, cases have
accumulated and have noticed a high rate in African American
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African American Stigma
Since the 1980's, the HIV epidemic continues to affect individuals all over the world; the HIV virus can affect any individual regardless of their
socioeconomic status. HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that is believed to have originated in Africa during the 1920's, however, it did not
spread to other continents until the 1980's. According to the center for disease control and prevention, HIV is most prevalent in African–American
communities. Unfortunately, it appears that the HIV virus is increasingly affecting African American women with a low SES status. One's SES status is
determined by one's social and economic standing; SES is often measured by one's level of education and income. One's socioeconomic status may
determine how an individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stigma towards HIV positive African–American women also exists within their own communities; unfortunately, this stigma towards these women
does not encourage them to come out as HIV positive individuals. The problem with this fear is that it not only worsens the anguish for the sick
individual, but also puts the people around the individual at risk. In "Social Context of Rural Women with HIV/AIDS," authors Kenneth D. Phillips,
Linda Moneyham, Sandra P. Thomas, Mary Gunther, Medha Vyavaharkar discuss the significance of the stigma felt by HIV positive women; the
authors point out that the existing stigma causes these women to live in secret (2011). In order to keep their illness hidden, they would have to be
maintain some form of normalcy with the people around them. Societal stigma plays an important role in the occurrence of HIV; it can be studied by
examining the results of "stigma reduction" in African–American communities (Loutfy et al, 2015). HIV stigma reduction is difficult when dealing
with African–American women because the stigma of sexism and racism cannot be ignored. One of the other effects of stigma is depression (Logie,
James, Tharao, & Loutfy, 2012). In a "multi–method community–based research (CBR) study with Women's Health in Women's Hands (WLWH)
across Ontario,'' researchers also found that other forms of stigma like race and gender do correlate with the stigma felt by HIV positive
African–American women

African American Students
be at an educational disadvantage compared to the students attending the predominantly white suburban schools. (Batts, 2012). Topic: African
American male students in the 8th grade classroom environment.
The Research problem: African American male students in the 8th grade classrooms and the challenges that they face. However, many of the most
theoretically and practically important questions have yet to be answered. For instance, few studies have examined the joint influences of racial
identity and self–esteem on African American adolescents' in the classroom (Mandara, Richards, Gaylord–Harden, & Ragsdale 2009). In the United
States, African American adolescents disproportionately attend large, urban, comprehensive schools that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
public schools identified as non–White (Tosolt, 2010). African American 8th grade male students stand alone in terms of the vast accumulation of
negative factors affecting their future (Martin, Gibson, & Wilkins, 2007). Recent studies have indicated that African American adolescent male
students are more prone to truancy and aggressive behavior in school environment than peers of other races (Martin, Gibson, & Wilkins, 2007).
Deficiencies in Evidence: The study indicates that African American males in the 8th grade classrooms seem to be overlooked. Studies have examined
the joint influences of racial identity and self–esteem on African American adolescents' mental health (McMahon & Watts, 2002). Among African
American 8th grade male students across three years of development, we explored the moderating role that youth's individual characteristics and
cultural resources may play in promoting educational outcomes (Brittian & Gray, 2014). Audience: 8th grade African American male students,
teachers, administration, counselors, and mentors. African Americans, males, and females from different backgrounds that live in urban and suburban

African American Culture
In the early Twentieth century, the American economy was booming and the standard of living was increasing. Despite America's flourishing economy,
social aspects failed to progress. Inequality of race, religion, and culture continued to remain, especially in Harlem. However, African American cultural
influence flowered in music and literature, and introduced them to urban environments. Considering that these sources display increasing economy and
ongoing influence of African American culture , changes in America throughout this period were beneficial to the society as a whole. "The City
Negro" (7E) written by Charles S. Johnson commented on the Great Migration of southern African Americans in the 1920s. During this time, African
Americans typically moved to the states of New York or Detroit in order to receive new opportunities in the Industrial North. Johnson explains that the
Great Migration created a new African American by defining the "city negro." He explains that African Americans were treated more equally in the
North by expressing that blacks could sit in the front of street cars without being forced to move to the rear. In addition, he discusses that African
Americans began to open up their own businesses especially insurance companies. They believed that if there was no work for young Negro men and
women in general business then they will establish their own business. Also, increased living standards was a result of the multiplying ownership of
homes by

African American Oppression : African Americans Essay
African American Oppression
1.A group that has been oppressed for a long period of time is African Americans. They dealt with so much from history to present that I feel they
should benefit from community organizing. Especially with recent events that's going on with them as a population, they could benefit from it.
2.The African American population in the U.S is 13.3% and what distinguishes them from the rest of the population is that there's a lot of history
behind African Americans. The descendants of African Americans today went through slavery and that's always going to be taught in schools and
remembered by plenty of people. With that being said there are always going to negative views from other groups of people that further the oppression
culturally.
3.Some evidence to back that up is what they go through today. The first example is "In 2010, the U.S Sentencing Commission reported that African
Americans receive 10% longer sentences than whites through the federal system for the same crimes (11 Facts About Racial Discrimination, n.d.).
The second evidence is that "The Guardian found that twice as many blacks as whites killed by the police were likely to be unarmed (32% to 15%)
(Peppe, 2015). The third evidence is that "White Americans use drugs more than African Americans, but African Americans are arrested for drug
possession more than three times as often as whites (Goyette & Scheller, 2014). The fourth evidence is that "Employers are more likely to turn away

African American And American Writing
African–American writing is the collection of writing created in the United States by journalists of African heritage. It starts with the works of such late
18th–century essayists as Phillis Wheatley. Prior to the high purpose of slave stories, African–American writing was commanded via self–portraying
profound accounts. African–American writing came to ahead of schedule high focuses with slave accounts of the nineteenth century. The Harlem
Renaissance of the 1920s was a period of blooming writing and human expressions. Scholars of African–American writing have been perceived by the
most astounding honors, including the Nobel Prize to Toni Morrison. Among the topics and issues investigated in this writing are the part of African
Americans inside the bigger American culture, African–American society, bigotry, bondage, and social balance. African–American composing has had
a tendency to join oral structures, for example, spirituals, sermons, gospel music, soul, or rap. As African Americans ' spot in American culture has
changed through the hundreds of years, thus, has the center of African–American writing. Before the American Civil War, the writing fundamentally
comprised of journals by individuals who had gotten away from subjection; the class of slave stories included records of life under subjugation and
the way of equity and recovery to flexibility. There was an early qualification between the writing of liberated slaves and the writing of free blacks,
who had been

African American Teachers
An American psychiatrist by the name of William Glasser once stated, "When you study great teachers...you will learn much more from their caring
and hard work than from their style." Teachers are a huge part of an individual's life. From the time a person enters into preschool until the complete
cessation of their educational career, the teachers and professors along the way each influence that student's perspective and feeling towards the
particular subject they taught. With daily interactions, teachers become a part of a student's microsystem. They are often times the only other constant
adult figure in their student's life apart from the caregiver. Whether it is acknowledged or not, the importance of teacher cannot be overstated.
Unfortunately,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There will be one semi–instructed interview a week asking about specific situation in the classroom. During the interviews snacks and drinks will be
provided for the students to enable them to feel more comfortable in the coming days. The purpose of this study is to see if there is a significant
impact of African American teachers on female African American students academic achievement. The participants test scores will be recorded on a
laptop. The notes from the interviews and observations in the classroom will be kept in separate notebooks. At the beginning of the research, the
teachers will be asked how their teaching style differs from the normative teaching module. Also the participants will be given notebooks to record
their own feelings about school and life in. Every two months the material will be collected and recorded in a laptop. Every four months the 11–15
year old participants will be given a 15–dollar gift card to the mall as an incentive to keep them interested and active in the study. After each recording,
there will be member–checking and the and all three researchers will combine notes to ensure what is being recorded is actually purposeful to the
intended

African American Struggles
RUNNING HEAD: AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES1
African American Struggles
Shaneisa Smith
Soc 308: Racial & Ethnic Groups
Risa Garelick
November 23, 2011
AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES 2
African American Struggles African Americans are knows to face various issues throughout their lives. From being discriminated against, to trying to fit
into society, African Americans still have problems because they are considered to be the minority (McGhee, 2010). African Americans are citizens or
residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub–Saharan Africa and are the direct ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Slate Magazine, The Freedman's Remedy, by E. Bazelon, 2008, Hendrick Humphries helped manage the Cracker Barrel
AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES 3
Restaurant between 1999 and 2001. He worked very hard and received top performance evaluations, bonuses, and raises. After a while, a new
supervisor was working there and allegedly started making racist remarks and there were reports of him punishing black people unfairly. After
Hendrick complained to the new supervisor of these problems, he was fired. Hendrick represented himself in court and in the final ruling; he won his
case (Bazelon, 2008). When it comes to politics and public policies, African Americans are covered through the NAACP (National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People). It is a civil rights organization in the United States and its mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and
economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination (Laura, 2011). By law, discrimination shouldn't exist
due to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Articles one and two of the declaration make it clear that everyone is to be treated equally. Article

one states that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards
one another in a spirit of brother hood". Article two states that "everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set

African Americans
A slave is an individual entirely subjected to his or her owners' will. Slaves were treated like merchandise. They could be purchased and sold, traded
for other items, lent out to, or mortgaged like a form of domestic animal. Slavery differentiates from many types of mistreatment ranging from serfdom,
manual labor, or the ranking of women in patriarchal society. In past history the conventional definition ofslavery was legal and stated that "slaves
were peoples' property and could be bought, sold, traded, leased, or mortgaged like a form of livestock (Gilder Lehrman, 2009)." Because slaves are
under the private control and care of their owner they were often exposed to sexual abuse and cruel unusual punishment. In many cultures, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those slaves, who were fortunate to work in their master's home, worked as servants and did jobs such as laundry, making dinner, cleaning or look
after the children. These slaves did work long hours but enjoyed a nice roof over their head, clean clothes, no physical labor and enjoyed a nice meal.
"Other slaves who worked on plantations became trained craft workers like bricklayers, blacksmiths, carpenters, or cabinetmakers (Alto Arizona,
2000)." "Besides working on plantations, some slaves worked in factories while others became construction workers on canals, railroads, dockworkers,
office workers, riverboat pilots, and lumberjacks (Alto Arizona, 2000)."
An education was never in the foreshowing for many African's in this century. Whites never gave them the opportunity or privilege to learn
fundamental basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Many whites feared that if blacks became educated, the power and control factors would be
reversed and the challenge of white supremacy may no longer exist (The Civil Rights Movement, 2004). Also, with an education, slaves would not be
content with jobs such as working in the fields or in domestic service and slavery may be abolished. When public schools became an innovation, most
black were ecstatic to finally gain common knowledge and have any free education at all. In addition, they enjoyed attending schools of their own, not
intervened with white obstruction, in which black children

African American Stigmas
Introduction
African American young men are infected with HIV at an alarmingly high rate in comparison to other races. The negative stigmas that is attached to
having HIV in the black community, especially for men can be extremely detrimental and harmful to their overall health. One stigma that was attached
to having HIV was death, death was at one time believed to be imminent, and now HIV is about restructuring their lives to face the future (Buseh,
Kelber, Stevens & Park, 2008, p.409), yet they still battle other stigmas surrounded around HIV.
HIV/ AIDS affect African Americans at a higher rate than any other race (White, Asian, and Hispanic). With African Americans making up
approximately 13 percent of the U.S. population, in 2014, they made up almost half of all new HIV/AIDS cases; 44 percent. African American men
accounted for 73 percent of new HIV/AIDS cases, and of that 43 percent of African American men were heterosexual (CDC 2014). Since heterosexual
African American men don't equate to the larger population of HIV cases as compared to African American men who have sex with men, these
heterosexual men are virtually invisible in the theoretical and empirical psychological HIV/AIDS literature (Bowleg, 2004, p.166).
The stigmas that are attached to having HIV ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having a support system that understands the effects of HIV related stigma, giving these people knowledge about HIV related stigma as well as
how heterosexual men are affected by it. According to Galvan et al., (2008) for African Americans having a support from friends and family is a way
to decrease their perception of HIV related stigma, with this support they don't feel isolated, judged, or internalizing these stigmas. Organizations that
target heterosexual HIV men as a group, would also help move away from the idea that HIV is a "gay" or "drug abuser"

African American Stereotypes
For many years African Americans have been judged and stereotype based on their appearance. African American women have been stereotyped as
women that are angry, loud, argumentative, entitled, and hypersexual. More simply, people tend to associate African American women with negative
stereotypes. Although women experience stereotypes women that have lighter skin tend to have more privileges. Women with light skin tend to be
more attractive, sophisticated, and successful. Historically, people with light skin were beneath Caucasians but they were above African Americans.
Light skin people tend to have more privileges because they were closer to Caucasians which made them better than people with darker skin. Today
people still believe that skin... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Faith G. Williams author and researcher of "Afrocentrism, Hip–Hop, and the "Black Queen": Utilizing Hip–Hop Feminist Methods to
Challenge Controlling Images of Black Women" believe media display stereotypes of African American women can have an impact on women.
Williams believe "inaccurate and stereotypical images of Black women continue to plague Black social media, recreating toxic and controlling images
of Black womanhood" (211). In other words, African American women are often negatively displayed in the media, so they tend to experience
stereotypes and discrimination. For instance, African American women are displayed as women that are angry and loud. Negative images of women
can have a social on women, because people may not want to be around them. Women can be economically affected by negative images and
stereotypes, because employers may not want to hire them. Therefore, African American women experience stereotypes based on the images that are
displayed in the

African American Films
1st Report
Reading: Robin R. Coleman Means, "Introduction: Studying Blacks and Horror Films."
Topic: What is the difference between 'Blacks in Horror Films' and 'Black Horror Films'? Why is it important? Discuss using one or two of film
examples. We encourage you to use your own film examples.
In Robin Means Colman's book: 'Horror Noire: Black is in American horror from the
1890's to present; he defines notions of 'Blacks in horror films' and how African Americans depict the genre of horror.African American characters are
often cast as the racial 'other'; or in the horror genres case, 'monstrous' (6). Thus, causing African American characters within horror films to seem
inferior in comparison to the dominant (white) race subjectivity. 'Blacks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simpson raises how the "issue of trespass" (4) is dealt with in relation to the 'resilience' indigenous animals of the echo horror film genre. Drawing off
James Lovelocke's (2007) comments on how "earth is a dynamic living organism, as a self–regulating evolving system in which everything is
interrelated" (James Lovelock, 2007) (44). Simpson's article denotes how the 'exploitations" of echo horror has a lot to do with the 'social issues'
(Simpson,2007, pp. 44).The way these animals are illustrated within the genre drives viewers to "acknowledge more culturally, plural forms of being"
such as the effect of "human environmental destruction" (55) and what it means to the indigenous occupants.Simpson matins theses clams throughout
the article with examples of Australian natural predators; such as Crocodiles, Snakes, and Dingo's. Many Australian films convey its countries
environment to be unpredictable and somewhat hazardous, its occupants can be when disturbed, stressing the effect of how dangerous they can be if
one is unacquainted with the Australian environment and the animal's capabilities (47). From this example, Simpson suggests that anxieties that local
humans may have been transcribed through animals (46) by a culture shift. In turn supporting Woods (1986) claim that "the true subject of the (echo)

African Americans And Caucasian Americans
The tensions are still there also because there still continue to be separate standards society sets for African Americans and Caucasian Americans.
Would individuals feel the need to set or think about the standards if we did not have black history month? This notion probably would not cross the
minds of individuals if certain months of the year did not celebrate one race individually. Interracial marriage or dating is still considered a socially
unacceptable sighting or experience. Individual feels as if they should only date their own ethnicity because it is the "right thing to do", but in my
eyes we are all the same. The perception of African Americans in America will stay the same. The perception of African Americans is that we always
play the race card and we always act as the victim in any situation. In most situations the outcome or conclusion can be perceived in many ways, African
Americans are never giving the benefit of the doubt. The Opportunity Agenda conducted three studies to gain knowledge on the perception of African
Americans in society. One of the best–documented themes in the research is that the overall representation of African American men and boys in the
media is a distortion of reality in a variety of ways. The perception is that we are all criminals, live in poverty and do not try to succeed in life besides
playing sports or having musical career. The positive images and attributes with which African American males are associated tend to be

African Americans Equality
African–Americans Equality
African–Americans have flourished and more educated today. However, they had a harsh, impactful, and meaningful history in the United States that
made them become idols like for example, Martin Luther King. African–Americans were taken from Africa as slaves, and have been fighting for
equality and freedom ever since that day. African–Americans had come a long way since they were forced to do labor and unsure whether they would
live or die considering they were brought over on slave ships. The slaves were treated as nothing. They had no self–esteem, and were beaten,
disparage, and separated from their family. African–Americans still fight every day for different types of recognition and fairness, even though many
things changed over the centuries. The African–Americans played major roles during the Civil Rights Movement. African–Americans have struggled
hard to end segregation and prejudice, and fought to be treated in a fair way.
For instance, racial separation, also known as Racial Segregation, was a system to keep white Americans away from African Americans. It also gives
African American a subservient status by denying equal admittance to public facilities and ensuring that black people lived separately from white
people. According to Plessy v. Ferguson, The object of the [Fourteenth] Amendment was undoubted to enforce the absolute equality of the two races
before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to

The American Dream Of African Americans
What is the American Dream? To many people across the globe, the United States of America appears to be a place where one can be proud of.
America the land where dreams come true and there is always a chance for any person to succeed. People who are not from the United States have
been painted a beautiful picture of what life in our country is like. Not only do they think that there is a special place in American Dream of African
American soldiers after WWI American Dream of African American soldiers after WWI ;During World War I many things changed, lives were
destroyed ;dreams shattered, and many soldiersГўв‚¬в„ў who went to war came back ... America for them and the perfect career for each individual,
but unfortunately this is not always true. The American dream is not necessarily to get rich quick, it is more along the lines of a hard worker having
an opportunity to be financially stable and to live a pleasant life. The dream is that their sons and daughters will not have to suffer the same things that
they did. Their children will be better off in the long run because African–American Entrepreneurship In a comparative light there seems to be
significant problems, or obstacles, for African–American entrepreneurs. These problems are categorized by environmental factors, opportunity factors,
and issues related to capital. The ... of their hard work. Why hasn't the African American community been able to reach the American dream In America
everyone is guaranteed the opportunity

African American Crimes
African Americans only make up 13% of the population. Half of all those convicted of murder are African American, outweighing the dominance of
Caucasians who make up 64% of the population. Based on over turned convictions, African Americans are seven times more likely to be convicted of
murder than Caucasians (Martelle, S. (2017, March 7). In a turmoil cycle, race crimes is an influence on sending innocent blacks to prison. It is
believed that 84% of white murder victims and 93% of black murder victims are killed by members of their own race (Gross, Possley & Stephens,
2017,March 7). African Americans convicted of murder are more likely to be innocent than any other race convicted. Also, African Americans who are
convicted of killing a

African American Doctors
African American Women in the Healthcare Profession African Americans have endured great pressure to find their place in American society, as
well as among the professional disciplines. In earlier times, it was extremely unusual for African Americans to be lawyers, doctors, or any other
professional where racial prejudice was a major obstacle. This has changed over time, however, the ratio of Caucasians to minorities in the professions
is still rather unproportioned. It is evident in the play A Raisin in the Sun thatAfrican American female doctors were almost unheard of during the time
the play was written. The history of female doctors alone was only less than one hundred years in the making prior to the time period of the play. Over
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Younger family was aware that there were not many female doctors during that time. They also knew that women did not aspire to be a doctor
but they would rather settle to be a housewife or nurse. Walter Lee supports this claim in act one scene one by saying, "Ain't many girls who
decide....to become a doctor" (36). This family represented other African American Families, therefore it is right to say that other families were aware
of this issue. Walter continues, "Who the hell told you you had to be a doctor? ... go be a nurse like other women–or just get married and be
quiet"(38). As stated earlier, women were expected to marry well to become housewives or, if they were interested in the healthcare professions, they
were only allowed to be nurses. This traditional mindset was expressed continually throughout this play by several characters, almost all of the
characters with the exception of Beneatha. Beneatha was determined to become a doctor, although her character was fictional she was not the only
Black female who aspired to become involved in the medical profession. Women who shared similar values to those of Beneatha achieved major
milestones which created a path for women to come to

African American Music And Its Impact On African Americans
Music in the 1900 's had meaning , music was how African Americans got through a long working day . Music then was something that no man
could take away . That still applies to the 21st century music , back onto the 1900 's African Americans were not given the same privileges as they
are today . Music was the less threatening way for African Americans to get there point across . The music was not always about them wanting
equality , there was loving songs , upbeat songs , songs about what they are doing . There were always those songs that would get a person in there
feelings . The music that tells a person life story on what all they may have been through . Most the listeners were African American which is good ,
then there may have been some white but not many . African American music to some was not as important to them as to others . The African
American music has evolved from the 1900 's to now , also the amount of people that listen to African American music has also evolved . At a farm
in Mississippi is an example of how African Americans used music to get through a hard working day . Music while working usually help the time go
by faster . The music in which was sung in the fields or in the cabins for entertainment later became known as The Blues . Blues music is usually
written from the heart it is an emotional genre of music , the lyrics or the feeling in the blues comes from a place in someone that may be hurting or
struggling . " But the blues are unique to the

African American Music
African and American Music: Two Distinctive Journeys of Pleasure
African music has been one of the most interesting topics in the music world. Unlike any other culture, music in Africa is a way of life. Throughout its
rich and evolving history, music has always played a crucial role in the African culture. Consequently,music in the African society allows outsiders to
gain an insight into the different aspects of their culture and the norms of the society. American music is rich in history and tradition, but it takes a
different path compared to the African one. Due to the uniqueness of the American and African music, many differences in the way music is used and
viewed tend to exist between the two. Although they may share some similarities, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Learning the American music usually takes place through education because most of the music is noted. However, the majority of African music is
transmitted through an oral transition by the process of enculturation. The African society thinks of music as a fundamental part of their lives.
Therefore, a gradual acquisition of the music is popular since a young age. Because of that, raising children through enculturation contributes in
knowing how to participate effectively. The enculturation process fosters the belief of collective participation in the African music. Unlike the
American music, the African music includes different forms of participation in which everyone has a role that ranges between hand clapping, dancing or

African American Religion
Religion is a social construct embedded in the African American experience through the ages. Whether it be Christianity, Muslim, Judaism and many
other religions that found itself in the Americas the religions derived from the African diaspora was very mixed, they had traditional belief about
magic which are derived from some Yoruba and Muslim belief system,Christianity was something new to them. As their, ancestors were brought to the
Americans they brought their own traditional belief system. African American religious institutions served as contexts in which African Americans
create a meaning to their experience during their enslavement, thus they interpret their relationship to Africa and charted a vision for a collective future
that will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But only with their practiced and faith they found a way to believe in something much greater than their earthly "owners" and more powerful than
anything that can destroy their identity. Religion helped a lot of slaves maintain their purpose and roots around the world, slave owners stripped away
their name, language, culture and history, but they couldn't erase who some of these people were and who they wanted to t be, along with future
generations. The struggle and lack of freedom through the American experience for African Americans, created something new when it came to
Christianity, they interpreted biblical stories through the lens of their own misery while being enslaved. With thoughts of being a part of heaven and
having the vision of being free in the biblical context, in which God and Jesus both had compassion for

African American Singer
Songs like "Ain't no mountain high enough", "My Girl", and "ABC" have shaped American history in ways that people don't even realize. We
wouldn't be listing to artist like BeyoncГ©, Drake, and John Legend if these former artists didn't write and/or perform these songs. They have allowed
African American music to blossom to what it is known for today. If these artists did not continue to write and produce music, they would have never
gotten anywhere and we wouldn't have the African American artist we love today. This paper will now go into more specific African American singer,
songwriters, and composers. There were many incredible African American song writers and that helped shape America's music to what it is now
today. "I grew up thinking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Jazz, Music and African American Art Form." African American Registry, Non
–Profit, 1976, www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view
/jazz–music–and–african–american–art–form.
"Matching Quotes ." BrainyQuote, Xplore, www.brainyquote.com/search_results.html?q=Louis%2Barmstrong.
"Chuck Berry." BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2017. 15 February 2017. https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/c/chuck_berry.html
Newfield, Jack. "Who Really Invented Rock 'n' Roll." Who Really Invented Rock 'n' Roll – The New York Sun, Jack Newfield, 24 Sept. 2004,
www.nysun.com/arts/who–really–invented–rock–n–roll/2037/.
Encyclopedia, Editors of. "Marian Anderson." EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, EncyclopГ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 2011,

Housing For African-Americans
Housing for African American In Cleveland Since Great Migration The Fair Housing Act of 1968, also known as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of
1968; prohibits the selling, renting, and financing of properties based on race, color, sex, or nationality. In 1988, Congress passed the Fair Housing
Amendments Act, which expanded the law to prohibit discrimination based on disabilities and family status. Since that act was established, what has
the been the correlation between housing and poverty for African–Americans in Cleveland, Ohio? While, the housing act was the last major act of the
civil rights movement many states still had segregated housing neighborhoods. As years progressed, whites moved from the city to surrounding
suburbs leaving... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Wilson (2011) research, he say there are two types of cultural forces which are national view and beliefs on race and cultural traits that emerge
from patterns of intragroup interaction in setting created by discrimination and segregation. Since racism, it has been believed that whites are more
superior than blacks. This played a major role because black isolated themselves from other communities and are comfortable with staying in one area.
One effect of living in a racially segregated neighborhood is the expose to group specific cultural traits, (Wilson 2011). These cultural traits include
habits, fashion styles, dancing, type of music listened to, behavior skills and more. A person, typically African–American will have more street smarts
than a person from a suburb. Wilson (2011) says that although cultural traits such as street smarts can prevent individuals from being harmed in their
neighborhoods, it can prevent them from performing well on a job interview. Culture can impact the outcome and behaviors of an

African American Racism
African Americans have been the main focus of evoked traumatic experiences due to the necessity of superiority from their counterparts. After slavery,
ended African Americans saw a way of freedom to live a better life from their ancestors. This thought did not come without the malicious beliefs
created to purposefully attempt to prevent African Americans from being superior to Caucasian people. The idea of blacks being superior to whites
terrified Caucasian people and caused them to go into a frenzy to create and enact different ways to keep blacks enslaved, but this time without the
whips and chains. Without slaves, many whites were struggling to determine where their next source of income would come from. In the excerpt from
the Declining Significance of Race, Wilson states "For the ruling elite, 'black freedom' signified not only a threat to white supremacy but also meant
the loss of a guaranteed cheap and controlled labor supply for the plantations" (52). This fear stirred many reactions from many classes of Caucasian
people.
There were five main types of people after slavery which were Northern Elite, Northern Non–Elites, Southern Elite, Southern Non–elites, and African
Americans. During this time, African Americans were still seen as less than to their peers. For Northern elites, the foundation for sustaining black
political building power had quickly dissipated. Because of this, there were fewer and fewer blacks who held positions of political importance. As blacks

The And Of African Americans
To break this question down it 's simply asking " How can something you believe in or know change your perspective plan ideas or intentions that
we have?" To what extent mean the limit of something. A concept is a general notion plan idea or intention; conception. An idea of something
formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. And finally shaping our conclusions means change how we see
things. The knowledge question would be "how badly does what we already know change how we see the world. I agree that what we already know
and have general ideas of can change how we see things. Like with the AOK history. The concept of history can change the way Caucasians or African
Americans view slavery. White people may view slavery as a good thing or a bad thing and view black people as equals or not. They may feel horrible
about what their people has done to African Americans in the past and become sympathetic to them.White people may feel guilty. African Americans
may not be as understanding to white people. White people were responsible for slavery.Slavery was cruel and brutal. It broke up families, limited
life choice and resulted in the death of many African Americans. They were dehumanized by Caucasians which is something that black people still
suffer from today. Things like police brutality and white privilege plays a huge part in this. Majority of white police officers use excessive and/or
unnecessary force when dealing with African

African Americans And African American Males
Currently, African Americans make up nearly one million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population. Nearly one in three African American males
born today can expect to serve time in prison during their lifetime (NAACP, 2015). A central issue in today's society is the rate of criminalization of
African American males. There are many speculations on this topic; however, the central one is when a crime is committed then there is "time" to be
served. However, the time served by African American males is disproportionate than that of Caucasian counterparts for the exact same crime. The lack
of concern that is presented over the clear overrepresentation of African American males in the prison system is appalling.
The present analysis will offer a comprehensive summary of the different factors that are to be taken into account of the stigmatization of African
American male offenders. These factors include treatment while incarcerated, family support, the impact of the incarceration on the family, and the
correlation between different social and contextual factors and incarceration.
African American Males Research shows that individuals of African American descent are imprisoned more often than Caucasians. When it comes to
prison, African American males seem to be discriminated against. In 2001, a total of 16.6% of African American males were incarcerated in a State or
Federal prison (Bonczar, 2003). According to the Bonczar (2003), one in three African American

African Americans And African American Community
As seen through time, African–Americans have been at a disadvantage when it comes to accessing funds that are available to most people. This
however has not stopped them from creating and accessing help that supports and aids their families. Through communal efforts, African–Americans
have been able to create mutual aid for themselves. In these communities, there are many sectors that have been built, but the main reason many are
"making it" or able to afford and do what they are currently doing is through the help of the various communities and organizations that came about.
Throughout each decade there have been forms of aid created solely for African Americans. Before slavery, when African Americans were still in
Africa, the communities were thriving economically and socially. Africa produced a plethora of advanced civilizations. Although Europeans like to
credit themselves for the spread of Christianity, Christianity was in Ethiopia long before the Europeans came. As one can see through time, church is
an important communal and distinctive quality of the African American community. In his book, West African Religion: A Study of the Beliefs and
Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples, Geoffrey Parrinder explains, "Africa had a history, long before the Europeans came to our
shores... Religion is a fundamental, perhaps the most important, influence in the life of most Africans" (Parrinder 1). African Americans already had
the support system of a church

African Americans And The American Revolution
In their demands for liberty and equality, African Americans would point to their role in all of America's wars. Many fought for liberty in the
American Revolution, like Philadelphia's James Forten who served aboard an American privateer. God created all men equal. Why are they not being
treated equally? Blacks and whites should be protected by the same laws and privileges. James Forten was a freeborn African American who had a nice
job and was very wealthy for his time. Forten says, "Whilst so much is being done in the world, to ameliorate the condition of mankind, and the spirit
of Freedom is marching with rapid strides and causing tyrants to tremble, may America awake from the apathy in which she has long slumbered." The
northern states were slowly starting to abolish slavery and some the whites in Pennsylvania did not like all of the free slaves in their state still.
Pennsylvania was once a refuge for free African Americans. Forten demanded to be treated the same as whites and have full citizenship. I agree that
African Americans are created equally and should be protected by the same laws. The legal principles James Forten used were the Declaration of
Independence and the Constitution. Those two documents are the most important in American history. Forten appealed to what God has spoken. "So
God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them." (Genesis 1:27) His ideas were formed by
Thomas Paine and other famous

The Racism Of African Americans
From the beginning African Americans started off as kings and queens of Africa. They ruled their own people. Stories have been told how the
rulers were tricked by English men or most commonly known as the "white man." This has been configured and no one really knows the true story
because we didn't exist then. African Americans were deprived from their mainland. Blacks were then transported to the New America. In 1619, the
first blacks were enslaved in Virginia. They were used to do many jobs by owners because Caucasians couldn't handle being in the sun for long
periods of time but blacks were called the lazy ones. African Americans as a group were discriminated, enslaved, and had no power.
There is two types of racism which is overt and subtle. Overt racism is more blatant and may take the form of public statements about the inferiority of
members of a racial or ethnic group. For example, a racist chanting during a public event. Subtle racism, for example, suggesting an African Americans
athletes have natural abilities for a certain sports. African Americans get both types of this racism. It goes from signs, flags, entertainment, etc. In
entertainment we are nationally talked about comedies, television shows, reality, etc. Blacks are portrayed as loud and it shows just a couple
individuals and we are discriminated by their actions. The things people see on television by a particular race, people assume the entire race does that or
contribute to their actions. Media is a

African American Suicide
Summary
Low suicide and eating disorder rates among African Americans suggest that, individuals of the African American community may have effective
coping mechanisms to help protect against such pathological behaviors. It is proposed that one of the main mechanisms is the continued dependence
on Afrocentric identification versus a more Eurocentric one. Thus, it is the aim of this study to investigate if and under what conditions ethnic
identification becomes a predictor of suicide in African American men and eating disorder symptomatology in African American women.
Acculturative stress is associated with feelings of marginality, isolation, anxiety, and lowered self–concepts (Thompson, Anderson, & Bakeman, 2000)
and identity confusion (Berry et al., 1987) in minorities. When looking at the association between identity and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is especially true among minority group women who report acculturative stress (Perez, et al. 2001). Evidence contrary to these findings indicate
that ethnic identification no longer represents a protective factor for eating disorders because all ethnic groups have acculturated the mainstream values
related to body image and thinness ideals.
Although African Americans, historically, have lower rates of suicide and eating disorders, there is some indication that these behaviors may be
increasing. From the preceding studies, it appears that both acculturative stress and ethnic identification may play some important role in the mental
health of African Americans. What is not evident, however, is if and how these two factors interact to predict both suicide and eating disorder
symptoms in African American men and women, respectively. Such an effect may provide insight into the occurrence of these behaviors in the African
American

African American Oppression
Oppression and vulnerability can correlate with each other. For one to feel vulnerable, this can be caused by oppression. The way the two can
coincide with each other is not difficult. Once one is exposed to oppression, the human body can feel vulnerable in many ways. After reading
"Between the World and Me" by Coates and watching "I Am Not Your Negro", you can see and actually feel howAfrican American see vulnerability.
Both the book, and the movie are about how African American strive to overcome circumstance they can't control. Coates write a letter to his young
son on how to live properly being an African American. In the movie, Baldwin talks about his experience of moving from France to America, and how
he's seen in the eyes of society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Statistics show that in America, African Americans are leading the nation in deaths. Going back to slavery, blacks were oppressed by their owners
and held against their will. Now it is 2018, and many say the same how blacks are still more vulnerable to death than others. So many innocent
lives have been taken from police brutality, hate crimes, and many other situations. African Americans are at the top of the list of being brutally
victimized as a race. In "Between the World and Me", this was the kind of treatment Coates was trying to express to his son in his writing. Blacks
and other minorities have a hard time living their lives, because their seen as something their not. You can be an honor roll student and still be
treated like a criminal. A perfect example of that is Coate's classmate Prince Jones. Prince Jones was even considered an privileged youth, but still
got his life taken over a senseless crime. That is why I state in life we are all vulnerable to death. It does not matter how rich or famous you are, you
can still have your life taken away in an instant. Another example is in the movie "I Am Not Your Negro", you can watch how forceful and brutal
whites and police officers were to African Americans. They were verbally and physically abused as an act of oppression. Prince's death can be seen as
a result of oppression. He was not treated right, and did not get the justice he deserved. The unfair treatment African Americans

African American Freedom
Rising from the shackles of slavery and submission to eventually become a powerful and influential political and cultural force in American Society,
the African American legacy has consisted of a slow march towards greater acceptance and status. During the years of slavery from the American
Revolution to the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, the chief concern among enslaved blacks was freedom. Post–slavery, a vast systemic inequality
and exclusion was maintained in the country. Both during and after the institution of slavery had been abolished, a number of black leaders rose to
prominence as individuals who fought for abolition, greater social equity, and equal political representation. By examining primary sources from
three influential black leaders, I will determine the primary ways in which African Americans fought for equality and inclusion. These sources are;
The Souls of Black Folk, a book by W. E. B. DuBois, an address given by Booker T. Washington regarding the Atlanta Compromise, and a speech by
Marcus Garvey on his "Back to Africa" movement. I argue that from these sources there are three primary advocacy strategies used by African
Americans towards the goal of greater equality and inclusion to be identified; the compromise and appeasement strategy, the aggressive political
freedom strategy, and a strategy which moves beyond the confines of American political and social life towards black nationalism.The Atlanta
Compromise was an agreement made between white

African Americans Dbq
Why do we hate? Why do we lie? Why do we forget? Three questions provide a strong explanation of how African Americans were treated, whether it
was the use of verbal or physical abuse. These questions also describes how African Americans were implied into education. Authors wrote many issues
regarding the ignorance and abolishment of slavery in more of a "Whites" perspective to teach the American society what they want to hear and not
what actually happened. And further more, forgotten sources. Some want to forget was has happened over the course of our time, some want to hide
the truth of how this has affected society and the race around us. Three documents were discussed with hidden facts and deep recognition of what is the
truth behind ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This document describes the results of blacks are no different than whites. It is stated that we are taught that they were to hide the truth of matter in
which would state otherwise. The literature of the blacks cause racial and social problems between them and the whites. This document really
undergoes the value of isolation and the attempt to keep the blacks located into a rural area where they don't associate with whites. This is what whites
wanted in the South and the North, they truly wanted segregation. The wanted separation from colored people. In Chapter 7 Negro Population stated
the following: "Therefore, the dominant American valuation is that the Negro should be eliminated from the American scene, but slowly." These
words right here provide proof of segregation among races. The whites feel if black population was decreased the economic structure of America
would hold value and

African American
| African Americans| | |
Christy B.|
ETH 125
June 5, 2011|
|
African Americans
Who are we, where did we come from, what has been our experience since we landed on United States soil? The migration of Africans has been very
significant in the making of African Americans history and culture. Today's 35 million African Americans are heirs to all the migrations that have
formed and transformed African America, theUnited States, and the Western Hemisphere (The New York Public Library, n.d.).African American
history starts in the 1500s with the first Africans coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts of
the South (The New York Public Library, n.d.). Although... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1831, northern free slaves began to try to free slaves from forced captivity of southern slave owners, which began the movement of the
Underground Railroad. In 1865, the victory of the civil war, freed four million black slaves, but white southerners were not happy with the idea of
slaves having freedom so they designed laws to restrict freed slaves from civility and ensure that they did not lose their labor force. As the years went
on and new laws were passed for citizenship, white southerners continued to come up with ways to restrict Blacks from many social activities in which
they were already granted through the laws of the Constitution.
By the 19th century, many social forms of discrimination existed to keep Black Americans from being equal to White Americans. Laws like separate
but equal where put into places to keep Black Americans from being in the same places as White Americans, like; neighborhoods, schools, churches,
restaurants, and so on. White Americans also believed that Blacks should not have the right to vote; which led to many black movements for the
continuous fight for equality in the nation of freedom. By 1954 the Brown vs. Board of Education case reversed the "separate but equal" doctrine that
previously had been set in 1896, allowing children both White and Black children to attend the same schools and same classrooms. In

African American Education
The African American males access to higher learning is detrimental to the United States economy. The social conditions that plague African
American males in their quest for college degrees are very obvious. For more than 40 years, the African American male has been missing in action
from higher learning institutions by a margin of 50:1. In this paper, I will explore the problems and the critical actions needed for correction. The 20%
increase in the number of degrees earned by African American males has not resulted in a positive impact on the economy. The questions often asked is
why do so few African–American male students enroll in college, how does secondary education help to shape the African–American males desire to
attend college, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
R. (2012). Black male student success in higher education: A report from the National Black male college achievement study. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education This article contributes to the national conversation regarding the education
of the black male student. This article presents the unusual perspective on the history of black males missing from higher education. This article is
informative and helps to shape my view of the economic effects of the missing black student. I found this article by going to the UHD library to
reference other books to make this paper a success. The article is about 15 pages of serious yet intriguing information. This article is well written and
is a great contrast to other journals on black male students. The fact that a Harper is a scholar on black males in education is what I think adds
credibility to its overall

African Americans And Identity Of African American
In the year of 1619, the largest oppressive legal structure in American History came about, the institution of slavery. Although slavery was abolished
in the year of 1865, African Americans are still enslaved by intuitional racism. There are systems in place to keep minorities at a disadvantage. This
system of oppression is carried by a number of factors such as; the segregation of black people in urban areas referred to as ghettos, mass incarceration
rate for people of color, large educational gaps and killing of innocent lives with no justice. This system of oppression continues the frustrating living
conditions for black people, and continues to make being black in America a constant struggle. Culture impacts circumstance and circumstance
influences identity which can be either beneficial or detrimental. Ones' overcoming of their circumstance will lead them to be identified as a
conqueror. This can be detrimental because it gives an incorrect scope of ones true identity. The focus of this paper will be on the lives and identity of
African American. In todays society what does it mean to be black? To be identified as African American. What does it mean to be black in America?
How does culture impact circumstance and influence identity? In order to understand and answer these questions one must go back to the early 16th
century when the first African slaves were bought to America.
In 1619, the Dutch introduced the first captured Africans to America planting the seeds of a

African-American Literacy
According to the author, education was not bestowed upon African–American by enlightened citizens. Literacy is viewed as a valuable commodity that
African–Americans have had limited opportunities to acquire. And for them becoming literate is perceived as continuous struggle. So Literacy serves
emancipatory function when appropriate to reconstruct a society, so it limits access to those who are not literate to participate in all cultural
institutions. According to Harris, European American do not fully support theeducation of African–American and would prefer not to fund it at the
levels comparable to funding for their children and would prefer curricula that do not enable African –American to compete with their children for
access to high education and possibly opportunities . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advocacy of curricula materials provides an authentic portrait of African–American culture and history that develop race consciousness. Based on
the article African–American conception of literacy, the author mentioned Alice Howard, a publicschool teacher in Washington, DC who is consent
with the New philosophy of wanted to educate African–American by created her first ABC book which mainly Enlighted African–American culture.
Alice Howard argued in her observation that this book is supposed to educate them and enhance their knowledge to better understand the history,
traditions and characteristics of race. Her goals to promote literacy for African–American were not unique as many other scholars have done it too, but
not without opposition. Literacy in most case was subjected to schooling and education, but not limited to these two. According to Harris, the concepts
of literacy for African–American are discussed in terms of broad historical

African Ferican Vs African Americans
We fought for our rights to become one as an individual, to have freedom and liberty as the next race. We've been ridiculed because of the color of
our skin and disrespected by the rude derogatory names. We fought for the right to be labeled and called an African American instead of nigger, Negro,
and color people, amongst other things. It was thought to be a respectable term but is now raising feuds amongst African Americans who have different
tones of black and brown on their skin. An African American has totally different morals and cultural beliefs than an African who was born and
raised in the countries of Africa. They have a different way of living, a different government and law, and different struggles. "A shared complexion
does not equal a shared culture, nor does it automatically lead to friendships," says Kofi Glover, a native of Ghana and a political science professor at
the University of South Florida. "Whether we like it or not, Africans and African–Americans have two different and very distinct cultures." (TRACIE
REDDICK) African Americans aren't always accepting to "their own people" when they come from a different country to America. Sometimes they
make fun of them because they're not the same, or a little darker skin complexion, their accent, and also the way they dress and carry themselves. You
can never just put any person of a certain race into a category because you never know the history of their people. Some people are mixed in

African American Racism
Since African Americans came into America they have been looked at as unequal. From 1619– 1865 Whites controlled African Americans in slavery.
Within slavery, African Americans were overworked, abused, and sold. Even when slavery ended it was not the end of discrimination. African
Americans dealt with Jim Crow laws with which were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. An example of
these laws would be "It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or
billiards". All of this discrimination still affects society today 152 years later. African Americans are still affected today by past discrimination. An
example of this would be according to the U.S. Census African Americans are three times more likely than Whites to live in an impoverished
household. Many neighborhoods are predominantly one race within it, to live in the city is seen more as an African American trait while living in the
suburbs is considered White. Nothing can fix the discrimination in the past but America has made efforts to help end it these efforts include affirmative
action as well as the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. Although nothing can fix the horrendous acts of discrimination, the United States has
progressively gotten better to end it.
There are many components in African American criticism that make it a very complex issue. Within African American there are six main components
these

The Slavery Of African Americans
Some people I met asked me that we Africans sold other Africans into slavery and why? I will tell them well I was not born when it happened, I
only learn about slavery in school not even my parents told me so I cannot provide you with genuine reason behind slavery but I do understand
this that it may have some economic benefits attached to it and that is a fact, the world back then was like survival of the fittest, slavery was
rampant all over the world and not only black Africans were enslaved, many ethnicities and nationalities some Europeans like Irish and Jewish
have been enslaved too. I could have avoided questions like this, but since many of this questions are directed to me from African Americans, I do
my best to be honest with them about the little knowledge that I know. You must not hold grudge against me because my ancestors sold your
people into slavery, and I must also not avoid your questions even if i feel guilty about the role of my people during slavery. I was not responsible
for it and neither of my parents. You must not be imprisoned with victim mentality of the whole slavery thing I told him and he was like 'wow' I
like that. I told him that is why it is nice to talk about things because I do not know your mindset I cannot read it but I can wrongly judge it based on
my personal observations. He said this country is racist and I must be careful because I am a black man. I said really, he said yes!! I said why he
repeated because America is racist. I told

African Americans In Prison

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