The Role Of Subgenre In American Horror Films

The Role Of Subgenre In American Horror Films
Hollywood, more than any other film industry, deserves to be attributed with the creation of the
horror genre. Even though it is not responsible for the first attempts at horror movies, it certainly
shaped the genre into what it is today and made it accessible to global audiences. The appearance of
horror movies happens in cycles with a distinct pattern that repeats itself – a movie appears, delivers
thrills to the audience, and suddenly, due to low production costs, sequels and remakes are made, or
original films based on the same formula. This way, different subgenres are produced. Eventually,
the market becomes saturated and the subgenre dies. "As the 1980s came to a close, the American
horror film seemed locked into an endless loop of formulaic ... Show more content on
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Most of the classics seem to have fallen prey to the greedy hands of the movie industry in hopes of
collecting profit. A sequel to George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead was made in 2004, in
2007 Rob Zombie directed his version of John Carpenter's Halloween, Gus Van Sant directed the
remake of Hitchcock's Psycho and The Saw franchise is due to get its eighth sequel released in
2017. Hantke calls this "the symptom of the crisis of contemporary American horror film" (6). Some
of these films did very well at the box office but most of them didn't, largely due to the loss of
originality and the ability to surprise and shock, which stands at the basis of every successful horror
film. The next step for the challenged horror industry was the process of transnationalization –
searching for inspiration outside familiar borders, more specifically turning to East Asia. "The initial
phase of J–horror's rising popularity in the United States, for example, was largely driven by a
search, on the part of hardcore fans, for more exotic and extreme forms of horror film. (Hantke 12)
However, Hantke states that this is not an isolated phenomenon, since Hollywood has always
thrived
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The Discourse Of A Discourse Community
A discourse community is defined as a group of people involved in and communicating about a
particular topic, issue, or in a particular field. We all belong to multiple discourse communities.To
earn a position of a discourse community one must possess accurate knowledge, establish reliability
of members to be accepted and learn to persuade other members of the community. The discourse
community that I identify with personally and the profession I plan to pursue is the world of film
production. However, there are many jobs that need to be done on a film set leading to there being
multiple discourse communities within the film industry, what I want to focus on specifically is the
DP, otherwise known as the "director of photography". According to "The Concept of Discourse
Community," by educator and researcher John Swales, a discourse community is defined by six
characteristics. The first, and probably most important, characteristic of a discourse community is
the idea that each discourse community has an agreed set of common public goals. The goal of
every filmmaker is to tell an exciting or interesting story that would make the audience think. The
director of photography uses the camera as a mirror. That mirror reflects our lives, our feelings, our
thoughts and points of view. Cinematographers create and interpret processes to make an original
work of art rather than simply setting up a camera and recording whatever is in front of it. If this
were war, the DP is like the

Christopher Nol An American Film Director, Screenwriter,...
Laksamana Riadi
Jeff Crum
Film 1
6 December 2015
CHRISTOPHER NOLAN
Christopher Nolan is considered an English–American film director, screenwriter, and producer and
Auteur. Nolan is a man of talent who is known as one of the smartest, most creative, and successful
directors in the film industry today.He is widely recognized after his first successful feature movie
Following(1998),a noir thriller film.Which was recognized at a number of international film
festival.Common themes and actors can be seen throughout Christopher Nolan's films,he is also
famous at narrating the movie in a non linear way.In the next paragraph im going to discuss why
would i consider him as one of the best modern times auteur.
One of the qualification of being an auteur according to French New Wave film director and film
critic Francois Truffaut is that "a good director exerts such a distinctive style or promotes such a
consistent theme that his or her influence is unmistakable in the body of his or her work."This
statement,it's like it's describing Christopher Nolan and his works, especially in the writing of his
films and how he creates a relatable world within his films and matches it with a completely
unrealistic plot. For example in his film, Inception he creates a real world in which the audience can
completely relate to, setting the bulk of the film in Paris. However the plot of the film ensures that
the Parisian location is set in a dream conscious state so it is not entirely relatable to

Francis Ford Coppola's Impact On The American New Wave...
A long time ago in a galaxy far far away The Movie Brats were at the top of the film industry,
producing new blockbusters every year. The Movie Brats were a group of directors who were
changing the film industry with their blockbuster movies American New Wave movement in the
American film industry. The directors who made the most impact during this time period were no
other than Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas, John Milius, Brian De Palma, Steven Spielberg,
Paul Schrader. Now will we only look into these three directors Francis Ford Coppola, George
Lucas and also the great Steven Spielberg. All of these directors have created some of the greatest
films in the film industry from "American Graffiti, Mean Streets, The Conversation, Jaws, Taxi ...
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The films he created allowed the new generation of movie goers to have their own movie, that
everyone could relate too. Tying into the backbone of the American New Wave movement which
was the realism within the films. The editing use within Star Wars was uncommon for films to
incorporate the use of computers models, the use of the computer aided effects started to effect other
films in the making, allowing them to add more to the story and attract the new age of the audience.
Also lets take into account that Lucas was not only a one film director, he also had created the
Indiana Jones series, another blockbuster film. Some on the trademarks used by Lucas in Star Wars
and Indiana Jones are still used today within other films, some examples of Lucas's trademarks are
his use of battle scenes by a large pit, visual effects, and also the use of soft–edge wipes as
transitions. In addition, everything Lucas was doing was to get the new generation of movie
attenders to come and see the new film in the theaters. As a parallel too today, movies are coming
out every week, each one different from the other, but if you look closely at each of the movies the
use of visual effects within the movies have stayed the same, from having half of New York always
destroyed or from having more

Thin Blue Line And The Fog Of War Essay
The essay film, as contextualized in this course by Agnès Varda and Ross McElwee, has been
defined by many traits, perhaps most notable in the physical presence of said directors in their films;
at times on screen, at times in voiceovers, sometimes a combination of thereof. Over the span of
several class meetings, this particular trait (the film maker's presence a la Varda and McElwee) and
its implications became the epicenter of most discussions, as well as the assumed baseline by which
other directors would be critiqued. In this paper, the argument advanced is that by the standard(s)
that emerged from the class' discussions and evaluations of the aforementioned directors, Errol
Morris–specifically in his films The Thin Blue Line and The Fog of War–technically is not an
essayistic film maker. However, this stance also states that Morris is a film–essayist by other means,
in that Morris simply implements Laura Rascaroli's thoughts on reflectivity and subjectivity in a
form dissimilar to Varda and McElwee.
What makes a film essayistic? It isn't a film maker video recording an actual traditional essay of
words on paper, but rather certain thoughts conveyed through film that would otherwise be found in
print. Alexandre Astruc, although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stella Bruzzi outlines his most obvious one. "Morris' aim is consistently marry individual testimony
with historical events..." (Bruzzi 231). This is undeniable in both Thin Blue Line and Fog of War.
The entire focus of Thin Blue Line is on the subjectivity of a single event–the murder of a cop and
subsequent trial of the perpetrator(s)–through the eyes of several individuals uniquely connected to
the incident's occurrence (which holds in itself the reflectivity). In Fog of War there is a single
testimony for several events in Robert McNamara's dynamic reflection on his experiences as US
Secretary of Defense during what many scholars consider to be some of the most important years in
modern American

A History of American Movies in Martin Scorsese’s A...
Martin Scorsese's "A Personal Journey through American Film" is a summary and analysis of the
history of American Movies. A legendary filmmaker in his own right, Scorsese highlights not only
the hits but also the lesser known but revolutionary titles. His analysis is clearly from a director's
point of view, which gives it an interesting and novel perspective. After a brief introduction,
Scorsese highlights what he calls "the director's dilemma." A good director, he says, is able to
balance his or her own vision with that of the producers. This was far more significant in the past, as
the director was beholden to the producers. The best filmmakers were able to overcome this obstacle
and produce great movies. These days, directors are given significantly more artistic license, and
producers do little more than fund the idea and put the team together. The director is a storyteller
first, claims Scorsese. He quotes Raoul Walsh: "If you haven't got the story, you haven't got
anything." Documentary style films were always a secondary to fiction. This has improved as the
industry matured, but still holds true today. "For better or for worse, a Hollywood director is an
entertainer. He is in the business of telling stories," Scorsese tells us. He outlines the birth of the
classic American genres, ones that moviegoers take for granted today. Directors, producers, and fans
alike love familiar tropes and genres. Similar themes pervade all movies, recycled and reworked into
new

Film Noir In Alfred Hitchcock's Film Vertigo
"'Here I was born, and there I died. It was only a moment for you; you took no notice,'" says
Madeleine, played by Kim Novak, as she foreshadows the mysterious events which take place in
Vertigo. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, Vertigo qualifies as a film noir because it contains a femme
fatale, a pessimistic romance, and is filmed by an immigrant director. Many film noirs contain a
femme fatale, and Vertigo is no different. Madeleine and Judy, both played by Kim Novak, are
definitely femme fatales. A femme fatale is a mysterious, two–faced, deceitful, manipulative, and
overall beautiful woman. Both characters portray that definition perfectly. For example, they are
literally two–faced, being that Madeleine and Judy are played by the same actress. ... Show more
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Alfred Hitchcock, the great master of suspense, came from England. He travelled to the United
States with his family to create better and greater films that could be even more successful than they
were in England. Hitchcock loved a suspenseful and dark film, which caused him to create some of
the greatest films of all time such as Psycho, The Birds, and North By Northwest. His film Vertigo
displays all of these aspects, causing the film to be a perfect example of the Hitchcockian style. This
style came from when Hitchcock was a child in England, where his parents would punish him
harshly whenever he was behaving badly. Not only that, but at his British Catholic school, he would
be harshly punished, but he set the time for when he felt he should get his punishment that week.
The way he was raised in another country was completely unique and new to American film,
causing his film noir Vertigo to contain many of the features he is known for today. Being an
immigrant, Alfred Hitchcock brought new unique factors to the American film noir. Overall, just by
coming from another country and adding his foreign touch, Hitchcock's film, Vertigo qualifies as a
film

Steven Spielberg Research Paper
Who paved a new road and revolutionized the American film Industry? The answer to this question
is fairly clear; Steven Spielberg. Steven Spielberg is a modern filmmaker, with award–winning
qualities and techniques that he adopted that are utilized by other filmmakers today. Steven
Spielberg is an American revolutionary due to his utilization of the special effects in his movies,
which paved a way for many movies to come. Steven Spielberg's films are quite remarkable in the
sense that they use a unique, or what used to be unique until he popularized the practice of special
effects. "Spielberg's most important contribution to modern movies is his insight that there was an
enormous audience to be created if old–style B–movie stories were made with A–level
craftsmanship and enhanced with the latest developments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"Spielberg has always maintained obsessive quality control, and when his films work, they work on
every level" (Moviemaker). When Spielberg releases a movie, he releases his best effort, essentially
his heart and soul, in film form. The American director Steven Spielberg has gone form directing his
hit film; "JAWS", a horror or suspense movie, to his movie in 1993, "Schindler's List", a historical
fiction film made in all black in white when a movie without color seemed unethical, but it was still
impactful enough to win an Academy Award for Best Picture. "I only paint on the size of one sheet
of paper. I always make my movies for a movie theater that has, like, 500 seats, and I like to imagine
how big that screen is and feel confident the audience can see a central character a hundred yards
away in the lower right hand corner on that screen" (Spielberg at the Revolution). Spielberg's
insightful thinking about how his films should be viewed and who they would be viewed by show
that he cares about how his films effect his

Martin Scoorsese's Influence On American Culture
Martin Scorsese is an award–winning film director and writer, who has created culture shaping
movies over the past six decades. His work is dark, gritty, real, and sometimes misinterpreted, which
lead to a large scandal in the 1980's. However, its hard to deny the impact this director has left on
American culture. Martin Scorsese is an inspirational for his film directing and producing,
screenwriting, and his effect on American culture. Martin Scorsese began his career as a producer
and director in 1967, with his first major film, "Who's That Knocking at My Door". As a director,
he'd become famous from his movie "Taxi Driver". This movie was released in 1976 and it starred
Robert De Niro and Jodie Foster. Additionally, this film was nominated for 8 major ... Show more
Scorsese wrote one of the most iconic movies in American history, "Goodfellas". "Goodfellas went
on to triumph. It won widespread critical acclaim, success at the box office and earned six Oscar
nominations. Twenty–five years later, its recognition as a classic is near universal. Goodfellas didn't
just look authentic. For those who'd led the Mafia life it had a definite sense of the real thing.
Twenty–five years on, Goodfellas is more than just special, it's viewed as a real masterpiece, among
the best pictures of the 1990s and possibly the best movie Martin Scorsese has ever made" (Tom
Brook 2015). "Goodfellas has the same dark heart, understanding that even as the audience watches
on with horror, there's some tiny part of them that has completely surrendered to the madness and
the fun. That was Goodfellas's original genius and, even in retrospect, it seems impossible to equal"
(David Sims 2015). "Goodfellas" changed the way we viewed gangsters and the mafia. His
screenwriting has told fantastic stories over the years. In addition to writing "Goodfellas", he wrote
"Mean Streets", "The Age of Innocence", "Casino", and

Quentin Tarantino Auteur Theory
An American woman stands in the middle of a restaurant in Japan, hacking off limbs with a Samurai
Katana, backed by Spanish flamenco music. A German 'Denist/Bounty–Hunter' and a 'Negro' are on
a stagecoach in the 18th Century, speaking to a slave trader, while the Spaghetti–Western backing
music transitions into modern rap. These strange scenes are commonplace for the director Quentin
Tarantino, and they are what you expect when you watch one of his films. His trademarks effects
and quirks have become legendary, and have inspired many a filmmaker to use similar effects in
their own work (Green, 2008). This high standing in the film community makes one wonder
whether Tarantino could be considered as an auteur, the French word for 'author', which ... Show
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This means that the fundamental visual elements convey the message of the film, rather than the plot
line, and it "will bear the unmistakable personal stamp of the director" (Britannica, 2015). Tarantino
has often been called an auteur (McAuley, 2014) (Keith, 2013) (Bartle, 2013) (Hylan, n.d.), and I
would have to agree. Firstly, he meets two of Sarris's criteria for what an auteur should do, which
are that he technically proficient, and that he recognises the "ultimate glory of cinema as an art"
(Sarris, 1962). Secondly, he fills Truffaut's criteria that a director exerts such a distinctive style or
promotes such a consistent theme that his or her influence is unmistakable in the body of his or her
work (Truffaut, 1954). This also fills Sarris's third criteria, that "Over a group of films, a director
must exhibit certain recurrent characteristics of style, which serve as his signature" (Sarris, 1962).
This is where Tarantino comes into his own, with plenty of little quirks and trademarks appearing in
every one of his

Early And Later Horror Films Research Paper
Films have evolved tremendously over the course of time, especially within these past few decades.
Technology and advancements have played a huge part in how films are now created. This essay
will discuss how the Genre, Horror, has changed and evolved over time, as well as discuss the
comparison of early and later horror films. Additionally, this essay will discuss how the
development in technology and social ideologies have effected film content and production. The
largest difference between early and later horror films, is how the film goes about capturing its
audience. An example of this, is the pacing of the movie. A psychologist at Cornell University,
James Cutting who studied the evolution of cinema, determined that audiences today ... Show more
Compared to how the 1950's impression of how America's needed to be fearful of the communists,
the 1980's Blob had the impression that conformity toward the government was the true villain
towards civilians. Also another big change between the two versions was the special effects. The
original film's Blob took on the appearance of some type of slime or jelly substance. Which in
reality it was all done by silicone and red dye. In the 1988 version's monster blob was made from
stop motion animation and puppetry. Which wasn't a huge difference compared to the newer horror
which is now crammed with

History of the French New Wave
In 1959– early 1960 five directors released debut feature length films that are widely regarded as
heralding the start of the French nouvelle vague or French New Wave. Claude Chabrols Le Beau
Serge (The Good Serge, 1959) and Les Cousins (The Cousins, 1959) were released, along with
Francois Truffauts Les Quatre cents coups (The 400 Blows, 1959), Jean–Luc Godards A bout de
souffle (Breathless, 1960) and Alain Resnais Hiroshima mon amour (Hiroshima my love, 1959).
These films were the beginning of a revolution in French cinema. In the following years these
directors were to follow up their debuts, while other young directors made their first features, in fact
between 1959–63 over 170 French directors made their debut films. These films ... Show more
They were predominately studio bound with lavish sets, elaborate lighting, special effects and
extravagant costume. This Cinema became known as the tradition of quality and dominated French
Cinema output. It was a prestige cinema preocupied with impresssive content and continuity. During
this time the French Cinema was quite healthy and shared the market about 50/50 with American
cinema. Despite the relative stability of the French Film industry in the early and mid 50s there was
a growing voice emanating from the emerging youth culture, for some new and fresh ideas. The pre
war cine–club movement was revived and by 1954 there were over 200 clubs with 100,000
members. These clubs would show Hollywood classics as well as the latest releases. They would
also show many of the re–released French films of the 30s from such directors as Jean Renoir and
Jean Vigo and many of the Hollywood films that were never released during the occupation. It was
from such clubs that the inspiration and driving force of many of the new wave directors came from.
A young Francois Truffaut, along with Jean Luc–Godard and Jacques Rivette, some of the
prominent future new wave directors and future writers for the Cahiers du Cinema, used to frequent
Cinematheque Francais. This was a cine–club founded by Henri Langlois and devoted to screening
the Classics. It was here

Ernst Lubitsch: The Rise Of The Weimar Republic
Background:
Starting in the midst of the 19th century, the German movie industry started to emerge. In 1895, the
Skladanowsky brothers, Max and Emil, created the first projection system. This system was later
demonstrated at the Wintergarten Music Hall in Berlin, Germany. Around this time, the people of
Germany thought that motion pictures were something that was only for the rich. Contradicting this
is when motion pictures got put into fairs and festivals for all. Unlike a lot of modern societies, in
the 1900's the German movie industry went through major changes. These major changes were with
the idea of sound on film. This let the film industry flourish before the collapse of the Weimar
Republic in 1933 (Wikipedia.com "Cinema of Germany"). When German filmmaking started out, a
lot of the movies were on topics that weren't so happy, such as crime and gruesome murders. This is
because this is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first one that was named was Ernst Lubitsch. Lubitsch left school at age 16 to pursue an onstage
career. His breakthrough was in the movie "The Eyes of the Mummy". After that, during his second
year as a director, he made seven movies. He is quoted to have given movies "the Lubitsch touch"
with a sense of wit and sophistication. Another important director is Fritz Lang. He was born in
Vienna, Austria. After he graduated high school, he went a school to train to become a painter. After
this, he fought in World War I and got into a relationship with a scriptwriter. This is how his career
as a director started. He is known for "M", "Metropolis", "Fury", and "The Testament of Dr.
Mabuse" (IMDb) The last important director that I am going to talk about is Michael Haneke.
Haneke was born in Munich, Germany on March 23, 1942. He is known for his directing and
scriptwriting. Three films that he is known are "The White Ribbon", "Amour", and "Caché"

Billy Wilder Essay
4/13/12
Paper #3: "Library Research"
"Billy Wilder"
Billy Wilder's work today remains masterful and memorable. From his skilled screenwriting to his
directing, Wilder holds a key position in cinema history. Wilder's stylistic and thematic elements are
recognizable and give off a complex reflection of his American and European cultural influences. I
think that Billy Wilder should be considered an "auteur" even if he is not already considered one, for
his personal film style and the mere fact that his cynical vision allowed him to create many
admirable films across a number of genre boundaries throughout his career. However, film critics
tend to disagree and believe that Wilder was too cynical, while also complaining about the lack of ...
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Sarris also argues that an "auteur" is a director whose films are formalistic. I think auteurism has
less to do with form and is further based off of a director's symbolic narrative structure. Wilder uses
a lot of symbolic narrative structure in his films and they played a huge role in American pop
culture. This is what Noël Carroll, Professor of the Philosophy of Art at the University of
Wisconsin–Madison, had to say about Sarris's formalistic theory on auteurism, "In film studies, the
examination of the style or form of the individual film is usually subordinated to frameworks that
conceptualize the style or form of the individual film as exemplary of something else, usually the
personal style of a director, or a period style, or the style of an influential movement or school."
(Carroll, pg. 1).
Billy Wilder's film not only combine social realism, crime, moral degeneracy and humor; but they
represent cultural, political and personal identity through the characters and narratives he constructs.
Wilder directed a number of genre films ranging from comedy, film noir, romance, drama, adventure
and even fantasy. These different genre aspects of narrative and character are essential to analyzing
or critiquing Wilder's body of work and his significance as an "auteur." According to Noël Simsolo,
a famous French author, Wilder's thematic approach "looks at the world with a cynical eye, but...
knows how to make people laugh.

Tim Burton's Auteur Theory
During the 1940's, the idea of the auteur theory arose. It was crafted by Andre Bazin, who was a
French film critic, and Roger Leenhardt, a filmmaker. They stated that a film should represent the
directors vision. Another French film critic, Alexandre Astruc, enhanced the auteur theory by
expressing that directors with their camera should be like writers with their pen. This would make a
director's films all have the same type of aspects. Once a director makes a number of films, a certain
"finger print" can be seen throughout his creations.
In 1962, an American film critic, Andrew Sarris, wrote the "notes on the auteur theory." He stated
that the "first premise of the auteur theory is the technical competence of a director as a criterion of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In both Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Alice in Wonderland the underlying meaning can
come from the character's curiosity. In Alice in Wonderland, the whole premise of the movie is
based on Alice's curiosity as a person. This is what leads her down the rabbit whole (1:35:53–
1:35:04). In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Charlie's curiosity about Willie Wonka and this
Factory is what leads him to buying the chocolate bar (1:26:16–1:25:47). The curiosity of both
characters eventually leads them so something great. One theme that is portrayed in both of these
movies is that if one is curious about the world they will find something that they love. Another
meaning that is in the interior of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is that the prize in life comes
from hard work and sacrifice. Charlie wins the prize from Willie Wonka because Willie sees that
Charlie is a hard worker and honest. Charlie gets his hard working personality from his parents and
understands hard work because of his poor economic circumstances. The most noticeable interior
meaning that is shown in all of Burtons movies, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and
Alice in Wonderland, is that the outcast in the beginning of the film ends up being the hero by the
end of the film. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Charlie becomes the hero by being able to
take over the factory for Willie Wonka. In Alice in Wonderland, Alice is

Steven Spielberg Biography Essay example
Steven Spielberg Biography
Steven Spielberg: Revolutionary and Visionary
Who would have thought that a brilliant career in filmmaking could have originated with a modest
jar of Skippy Peanut Butter smeared on a neighbor's window in a tiny Cincinnati suburb? One might
not think that such an average boyhood prank could evolve a boy into a man who would become the
most financially successful film director in history. Well, that is exactly where Leah Spielberg,
Steven Spielberg's mother, would trace her son's initial entry into becoming one of our nation's most
creative storytellers. "His badness was so original," she recalls (Stein 3).
Steven Spielberg, the only child of Leah and Arnold Spielberg, was born on December 18, ... Show
The grin of a clown, a deadly tree outside a window, and being afraid at night, all out of 1982's
Poltergeist, were all born out of Steven's real childhood phobias (5). Influence for films such as
1993's Academy Award winning drama/documentary Schindler's List could be attributed Steven
growing up in a Jewish family. Steven has recalled that during his days in school he felt
discriminated from others for being apart of the only Jewish family within the whole community
(Graham 530). During the Christmas season, he would be embarrassed that his family's house would
be the only one without lights or decorations. When his father offered to place a menorah in the
window, Steven responded, "No!...People will think we're Jewish" (Graham 528).
Steven has claimed to have learned his numbers as a toddler with the help of a concentration camp
survivor who pointed out the numerals tattooed on his arm. However, it was at high school, where
he was first exposed to anti–Semitic behavior. He would suffer verbal and sometimes physical abuse
from other students. Making movies was definitely an escape for Steven who told the New York
Post, "I enjoy the sense of being transported and no longer thinking anyone is in the audience"
(529).
"Nearly three years after finishing Escape to Nowhere, he made his first feature–length film
Firelight. It was a two–and–a–half–hour

The Invisible Woman: Female Directors in Hollywood
Film scholar Louis Gianetti says, "In the field of cinema, the achievement of the Women's
Movement [of the 1960's] has been considerable, though most present–day feminists would insist
that there is still much to be accomplished in the battle against patriarchal values" (428). Gianetti's
words are an understatement. Women in Hollywood are underrated, underrepresented, and generally
shoved into the background of the film industry. However, with film becoming one of the most
pervasive and influential art forms of the 21st century, women's leadership in the film industry is
vital not only to the feminist movement, but to the perception of the modern female overall.
With the advent of the internet, digital media and film have become much ... Show more content on
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It seems that women are routinely kicked out of the director's chair in favor of a male contemporary.
For example, Pixar Animation Studios (famously producing such films as Toy Story, and Wall–E),
notorious for its conspicuously male–centric films and its exclusively male directors, is currently
producing its first female–centric film, Brave. Appropriately enough, they hired Brenda Chapman,
director of the widely acclaimed Prince of Egypt, to direct the film. Chapman and Pixar parted ways
over a year ago after citing "creative differences" and Pixar quickly replaced their lost female
director with Mark Andrews whose directing resume only includes short films (LA Times). Of the
14 feature–length films Pixar Animation Studios has produced, Brave is the only film to have
contributions by a female director. Another recent example is Catherine Hardwicke, the director of
teen girl mega–hit Twilight. Hardwicke was fired by Summit Entertainment and replaced by a male
director for the film's sequel, New Moon, despite the fact that she directed Twilight into a
successful, profitable film franchise (Deadline). Hardwicke has only directed one film since 2008's
Twilight. According to a study by the Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film, only
female directors only made up 5% of directors in the 250 highest–grossing films, which is

Clint Eastwood Research Paper
Research Paper: Clint Eastwood Clint Eastwood is one of the biggest hollywood movies makers in
the movie making industry. He has influenced his viewers in america as well as other directors.
"You have to steal a lot. You have to have a criminal mentality to be a film director." (Film &
Television). Eastwood explained to the media how he has been passionate and determined during his
movie–making career. Eastwood has made an impact on contemporary american culture for sixty
years now, and he still continues to as an american icon. Born in San Francisco May 31st, 1930,
Eastwood was raised by his parents– Margaret Runner and Clint Eastwood. Eastwood is of English,
Scottish, Irish, Dutch and German ancestry on both his parents sides. He lived ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Forgiven won an award for best motion picture and best director. He is known for having an 'old
western theme' in all his productions that included a trademark expression of having narrowed eyes.
He is also known for showing the location of where the movie was filmed at the ending credits as it
appealed to the viewers. This gave the audience an outlook on his filming. Eastwood, when casting
roles for a film he is directing, is very serious on who he picks and the types of characters he's
depicting. In doing so, all of his films that he has either directed or produced has won awards.
Eastwood depicts real life scenarios that viewers can relate when viewing his films. Critics and
viewers have always had good reviews about each and every one of Eastwood's films. Eastwood has
won many awards in his lifetime as well as being nominated. For Academy Awards, he's had four
wins and eleven nominations. For the BAFTAAwards, he had three nominations. In the Golden
Globe awards, Eastwood had three wins and twelve nominations. For all wins and nominations, they
all fit into categories such as best picture or best director. In 1993, Clint Eastwood was awarded an
Oscar for his 1993 movie Unforgiven. He received the award for best actor (starring role) and best
picture. In Eastwood's Oscar speech he mentions how grateful he is to have a career in

Who Is Ridley Scott's The Martian?
Even as it declines to a slim 21% from its opening frame, the science fiction film of Ridley Scott's
'The Martian,' had no problems holding the top spot at the UK box office. After 12 days, the 'The
Martian' has reaped an impressive £13.21m.
The Martian's apt comparison might be director Christopher Nolan's 2014 epic science fiction film
Interstellar, in which the American actor and filmmaker – Matt Damon, peculiarly also portrayed the
role of an astronaut stranded on a distant planet. However, Interstellar went down 29% on its second
weekend, by which time the film had grossed £12.13m. Interstellar then fell hard and fast, with
consecutive drops of 50%, 39%, 47% and 65% placed forward for consideration. The movie quickly
burned through its

The Ideas Of Sexuality And Suspense In Alfred Hitchcock's...
Elliot, Alan R (2010b), "There is a look to Hitchcock films and the way they are put together that are
really unique signature," said Steven Mamber, a professor in UCLA's Film, Television and Digiral
Media Department. Elliot, Alan R also wrote in 1939, British director Hitchcock had produced a
bunch of movies and sixteen talkies films including "The 39 Steps," "Blackmail" and "The Man
Who Knew Too Much." According to the "Hitchcock's Blackmail in Spectacular Hong Kong
Outdoor Screening (2013)," From his directorial debut in 1925 with The Pleasure Garden to
Blackmail (1929) Hitchcock created a group to films which already revel his genius at work, and
show that the brilliance of the Hitchcock tough, so admired in later works, was there at the very
beginning of his career" (n.p). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the "Alfred Hitchcock Biography," in 1940, Hitchcock and his family relocated to
Hollywood and he was hired by David O. Selznick who was an American film producer. Hitchcock
worked on his career and he produced his first American movie title Rebecca (1940) and at the same
year his movie Rebecca won the Oscar for the best picture. Barnes, Jon (1999b), Hitchcock film the
movie "Saboteur" (1942) in the Statue of Liberty in the end of the movie and "North by Northwest"
(1959) at Mount Rushmore to imprint and get more attention from the audience. In my thought, the
director Hitchcock's was a really smart person who always had an idea how to impresses his
audience with his

Billy Wilder Research Paper
Billy Wilder (1906– 2002), Austrian–born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist and
journalist, was one of those remarkable and highly talented directors that could create dramas and
comedies with ease, influential and versatile with a career spanning fifty years, Wilder left an
indelible mark during Hollywood's Golden Era of filmmaking. "With The Apartment, Wilder
became the first person to win Academy Awards as producer, director and screenwriter for the same
film" (Wikipedia). He was born Samuel Wilder, in the 1920s he took an interest in writing and
filmmaking, but left Germany when Adolf Hitler rose to power. Wilder moved to Paris and made his
directorial debut with the French film Mauvaise graine (Bad Seed) in 1934. Most of Wilder's family
all died during the Holocaust. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wilder teamed up with writing partner, Charles Brackett, and together they wrote some of
Hollywood's best classic comedies like Ninotchka (1939) starring Greta Garbo and Melvyn
Douglas, and he was able to weave melodramatic films as well. Wilder's directing style is most
comfortable with cynical humor matched with witty dialogue, that made him perfect for creating
satirical films based on the absurd, and easily blended these with his approach on film noirs. "Wilder
consistently pushed the limits of the U.S. censorship of the day with his provocative choice of
subject matter that include adultery, Double Indemnity (1944), alcoholism, The Lost Weekend
(1945), and the younger, kept man, Sunset Boulevard (1950)" (Schneider

Correlation Between Professional Networking And The Film...
The purpose of this research paper is to examine whether or not professional networking plays a role
in the success of a film composer and if so, how significant that role is. This study will provide an
overview of the correlation between professional networking and the film music industry. The first
part of this paper will give a general overview of the film music industry and the type of experiences
one would have in the profession. The study will then look into more specific instances of
professional networking in the film music industry by analysing case studies of significant
composers and how their careers have been affected by professional networking.
While there is not really a shortage of film and television being created, breaking into the film music
industry can be quite difficult. Being a film composer requires a very broad spectrum of skills. You
need to be skilled at composing and producing music, that much is a given. But to really succeed
you need to have interpersonal and business skills. These skills are crucial to creating and
maintaining professional networks which are the key to getting work in this industry. In the end it
really comes down to being in the right place at the right time and knowing the right people. It is
important to be able to work with other people since there will be other people working on the same
project as you. You must be well skilled in communicating with directors to help create what they
want because sometimes a director

The Portrayal Of African Americans Essay
How has the image of Africans develop from being savages to being portrayed as more human
individuals? In other words, in what ways has the roles of African reversed over time? Refer to five
or more of the assigned readings to support your assertions.
A stereotype can be defined as a "representational practice" that categorizes and segregates an
individual or group of individuals based on their differences, often associating him/her with a
positive or negative label, such as, by outcasting an individual based on their racial and ethnic
backgrounds (Hall 225). The image of Africans as savages is a common stereotype seen in American
and European films that show Africans as barbaric and primitive creatures. Specifically in these
films, a savage is an African who is constantly portrayed and characterized as a worthless, lazy,
blood–thirsty, cannibalistic beast "who probably deserves to die" (158). This is because Africans
don't fit the stereotypical cookie–cutter mold of what the directors consider "normal" (i.e. being a
great white hunter), and therefore, they are immediately seen as insignificant and worthless
individuals (158). Over time, as African produced films start forming an appearance in Hollywood,
the perception of Africans slowly changes. In part because African directors represent their race as
lead characters who are independent and smart. Africans are no longer seen as savage creatures, but
instead, as actual human beings who crave to have their voice heard in the

Film Analysis and Different Viewpoints on A Woman Under...
I. Introduction
Beginning in the late 1960's, a new film movement known as New Hollywood began, rapidly
replacing the Classical method of filmmaking. This era was unique because many popular films of
the time were produced outside of the studio system, shot on–location, and with non–professional
actors and actresses. These "art films" were brash, irreverent, and full of anger. While directors
during this time used drastically different methods to achieve their final product, the meaning they
attempted to convey through their art was often quite similar in its presentation and encompassment
of society. According to David Bordwell, "stylistic devices and thematic motifs may differ from
director to director, [but] the overall functions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The home was a natural setting for such films: it provided a forum for the representation of the
anger of the times within a highly relatable environment. As such, films which touched on family
dynamics like Five Easy Pieces (1970) and Last Picture Show (1971) were largely successful.
While it is hard to argue the Vietnam War did not profoundly influence filmmaking in the 1970's,
these films also reflected a deeper truth about the quickly changing state of domesticity. A 1977
study called "Updating the Life Cycle of the Family" from the Journal of Marriage and Family tells
us that during the 1970's, there were more single parent families than ever before, due to rising rates
of separation and divorce. It also found that mothers devoted less time to childbearing than in the
1950's or 60's, and that the average size of the family was smaller (down from four children to three,
on average), resulting in a restructuring of previously well–defined roles. (Glick 8) This data was
clearly in the minds of directors John Cassavetes and Barbara Loden when they made their
respective films: A Woman Under the Influence involves a three child family and in Wanda, we see
only two children.
III. Left and Right Cycles
Besides the emphasis on the restructured family and changing parental roles, A

Horror Movies: The Rise Of Terror In America
Dary Chheng
Film TV 106A
Jonathan A. Kuntz
TA: Aruna Ekanayake
Research Paper #1
January 24, 2015
The Rise of Terror in America
American film has evolved tremendously inspired by creative directors and ideas from all over the
world, the industry has developed and prospered in many ways. From different techniques,
aesthetics, and elements of various ideas and people the growth of this industry has blossomed into a
successful social escape for its audience. Throughout the history of American film, different
categories of film topics have emerged, which are collectively called genres, and include action,
adventure, comedy, drama, and horror, among many others. Horror movies, in particular, are an
interesting genre because of its origins. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From dark, eerie locations to monstrous tragic films, the production of horror took a different turn
when the American film obtained the ability to become more explicit (Geraghty). Around the 1970's
the new Hollywood horror era had developed, ultimately shifting the old horror monstrous theme to
more of a disturbing and unnatural theme, which became popular in America. These new themes
varied in terms of topics such as disease, possession, and mental illnesses (Geraghty), each in which
portrayed graphic and detailed visualizations of disturbances in horrific context. Some of these
themes were influenced by using literature as the basis for a plot and an interest in foreign horror
used by film directors (Geraghty). As technology became more advanced in film, directors were able
to use visual and special effects to create cinema that will indeed provide a suspenseful experience
through narratives on screen for the audience. The new Hollywood era contained many elements to
create a terrifying movie for their audience. For example, in a recent film called The Blair Witch
Project (1999), the main character is documenting and recording supernatural events in video
diaries, allowing the audience to have the perspective of the character (Geraghty). Not only does the
perspective of the main character have a great effect the audience, but also the quick movements of
the camera occurring in the movie does as well because it creates a terrifying effect for viewers. Due
to the horror films providing a social escapism for its viewers, the people of America started to favor
the horror

How Did John Ford Influence Steven Spielberg
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text]
1
John Ford?s Influence on Steven Spielberg
John Ford?s Influence on Steven Spielberg
Erik Gebhardt
Cleveland State University
COM 320: History of Film
Erik Gebhardt
COM 320
Professor Neuendorf
15 October 2015
Steven Spielberg Filmmaking is one of the most unique, creative, and innovative projects that
someone can complete. The film industry is a true art form, and the appreciation for the industry
from the actors and actresses, to the filmmakers, producers, and directors continues to increase.
Attending a premier, or just going to the local movie theater on a Friday night to see a movie that
looks enticing from the trailers that have been seen is one of the most fun parts of living. ... Show
There is no doubt about this. But, it is the ways that make these filmmakers some of the greatest of
all time. Ford uses optimism in his films; he represents the struggles in real life situations, like he
does in ?Grapes of Wrath?, even though the film is based off of a book. This is a way for him that he
can connect to the audience. He directed many war films, and they were authentic because he was in
the war and he saw what happened in many different areas. For Spielberg, he believed in
extraordinary circumstances, which is why he directed many movies about dinosaurs and aliens.
But, in these movies, symbolism is portrayed because it asks if there is other life out there. This is
what makes it enticing to the audience. Both of these men are some of the greatest of all time and
they are both very familiar in many

An Argument Against Auteur Theory.
Auteurism: A Disease of Greatness.
The term Auteur seems to bless a privileged group of filmmakers with an almost messiah–like
legacy. Men such as Alfred Hitchcock, John Ford and Fritz Lange are believed to inhabit the ranks
of the cinematic elite, and not surprisingly most critics are more than willing to bestow upon them
the title of Auteur. By regarding filmmaking as yet another form of art, Auteur theory stipulates that
a film is the direct result of its director's genius. With the emerging prominence of auteur based
criticism in the 1950?s, the role of the director became increasingly integral to a film's success.
However most would argue that this form of criticism didn't reach its apex until 1960s, when
Andrew Sarris released his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He merely didn't adhere to a set of criteria which could safely classify his work as "art". When asked
why he was not respected by American critics, as he is in Europe, Corman responded,
"Ordinarly there is a great deal of snobbery from American film critics, they will accept a film by
Stanley Kramer as a work of art before they see it, or a film from a European director...but they
unloose their ire against low or medium budget Hollywood productions"3
Considered one of the greatest of all American directors, John Ford would no doubt be regarded an
auteur by those who choose to utilize the phrase. One can imagine Ford carefully weaving beautiful
images of monument valley, to fulfill his artistic allegories, or demanding the most effective of
performances from a cast who manage to convey the emotions which stir inside this most American
of auteurs. Just as Corman seems to put a great deal of philosophical thought into crafting what
many consider to be "simple" films, Ford seems to suggest that his cinematic choices are often
over–analyzed. In an interview with fellow western film director Burt Kennedy, Ford was asked
about some of these choices, which have come to define much of his style, and his answers are
surprisingly simplistic. When questioned about his connection to Monument Valley, and the
reasoning behind choosing that location, Ford responded "I knew

Critical Responces to Madame Sata
Representation: Madame Sata In a film directed by Karim Ainouz, the story of Joao Francisco dos
Santos' rise to fame as the Brazilian Pop Culture icon, Madame Sata, comes to life. The film, also
titled Madame Sata, addresses issues of race, gender and sexuality in relation to Brazilian culture
through various cinematic effects and the depiction or interpretations of characters through their
actions and dialogue.This film has many layers that can be taken apart and analyzed with the
underlying social issues in mind while providing a somewhat accurate account of the major events
leading up to Francisco dos Santos' stardom. Journals, like The American Historical Review,
Cineaste, and Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts, discuss the film and the film's
intent while Newspapers, like The New York Times and The Los Angeles times, take on a less
critical view on the film and focus in on the story line and life of the director of the film. In
comparing the two different forms of print media and writing, the views of the authors and their
intended audience about certain social issues are revealed. Cineaste, The American Historical
Review and Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts, are all journals that specialize in a
specific areas, like History and film. Journals are generally directed toward a specialized audience in
the same way that newspapers are directed toward the general public. The intended audiences are
indicated in how the authors of each piece

End Of Watch Chapter 2 Analysis
Chapter 2 continues talking about the different types of cameras and lenses involved in film making
"Film, then, is a tool that can be applied to time in the same ways that... revealing natural
phenomena that invisible to the human eye. Slow motion, fast motion, and time–lapse photography
make comprehensible events that happen either too quickly or too slowly for us to perceive them..."
(94). People who may have no clue in either film making are surely still aware of the terms slow
motion, fast motion and time lapse. These terms are pretty self–explanatory that are useful features
that often are implemented in films to add those extra effects. Director Ayer unfortunately does not
use any of these features in End of Watch, but still creates a masterpiece ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The "sociopolitics" portion Monaco mentions, deals with in the film two police officer partners who
become more than coworkers they become brothers in a sense. Director Ayer does a great job when
it comes to the way the film is integrated with human experience in general. To start, the police
officers Brian Taylor (Jake Gyllenhaal) and Mike Zavala (Michael Pena) are set out on duty in a
tough neighborhood. It's often mentioned how black neighborhoods are always the toughest
neighborhoods and have high crime rates. We can see in the film how the human experience comes
into play; first scene starts with a call to an African Americans house where the officers are set into a
fist fight right off the back. Although the movies is not just based off African American's, it also
deals with Mexican Americans and their drug cartel. If we were to base off the human experience in
general than this movie would have a negative effect on the human population. I'm sure director
Ayer is aware of the characters chosen and understands the significance of the film. The
"psychopolitics" portion of Monaco's explanation in his text deals with our own personal experience
and specific details. For my personal experience this movie was an eye opener, director Ayer and his
work of "art" he created with this film was astonishing. Me being a criminal justice major, I got a
sense of what life on duty was like and director Ayer was

The Origins And Usefulness Of Auteur
Explore the origins and usefulness of auteur theory in relation to a non American director of your
choice.
The concept of Auteur was first introduced by Andre Bazin in an essay featured in a 1954 edition of
Cahier du Cinema, often referred to as 'camera stylo' or 'signature style' as a way of critiquing
French new wave cinema. This theory allowed film to be criticised and analysed in the same way as
other creative platforms such as art and literature. By identifying the director as auteur as opposed to
just 'Metteur–en–Scène' it transformed them into an artisté, by assuming creative control they in turn
gave a film a certain style. The auteur was a director "consistently expressing his own unique
obsessions, the other was a competent, even highly competent, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Taking Steven Spielberg as example, Spielberg is certainly one of the most successful directors of
modern cinema due in part to his joint ownership of DreamWorks' Studios with Jeffery Katzenberg
and David Geffen. Although Spielberg, unlike a vast majority of other directors, has a great
influence over Hollywood and almost unique in that he can take complete creative control of project
he instead chooses to remain in a director/ producer capacity alone. He will hire the writers and
editors, one's he has built relationships with over his career, most famously his working relationship
with composer John Williams. Because production companies are once again taking control of the
technical side of filmmaking auteur theory is called into question. With film festivals supporting the
idea of auteur to promote an indie image and boost sales by turning the director into a celebrity for
'serious' movie fans and production companies supporting this to create a unity between films and
avoid loss from unsuccessful pictures then it is questionable if the concept of auteur can exist

Steven Spielberg Impact
As one of the directors who paved the way during the new Hollywood film era, Steven Spielberg's
ranges of work have impacted the film industry. Spielberg is no stranger to controversy throughout
his carrier, but nonetheless is known as a director who demonstrated his unique vision for film
through science fiction and adventure while remaining the child–like innocence that almost anyone
can relate to. Spielberg is notorious for telling his story through reoccurring themes: parent–children
relationships, ordinary people becoming the hero of the plot, and facing extraordinary situations in
the face of all odds. Spielberg has a way of connecting with his audience by depicting that even the
typical everyday person can turn out to be someone who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Spielberg's film techniques remain even throughout a film like this one. He's known for his strong
lightings, the notorious ''Spielberg face'' when he zooms on a character's face, and a unique uses of
frames. The film is said to have to be ''rich with successive shots of the presidential figure walking
away along...heading towards a distant light'' (Dean 311) which comes as no surprise because
Spielberg is known to add these touches within his works. Spielberg took it upon himself to remain
true to the timeline of the story by making sure the movie produces ''angular light produced by gas
lights, sputtering candles, chuckling fireplaces, windows, and open doors that would have existed in
the mid–nineteenth century'' (Dean 310). This is the essence of who Spielberg is as a director. He
consistently pays attention to the little details which overall give a realistic look to the setting where
the film takes place. All of these trademarks that make a Spielberg film one of his own, is evident
throughout all his works, even in Lincoln. The movie gained a lot of feedback both negative and
positive because ''it exists as a big money–maker for Hollywood and as liberal meditation on the
current debate on the nation's bipartisanship and conflicting ethics'' (Dean 310). However, Spielberg
was applauded for creating Lincoln as a '' successful history lesson for a

Stereotypes In Dead Man
1– The new thing that Dead Man brought to the world of movies is mocking the work of others, the
whole aim of producing the movie is to make fun of the Hollywood movies that are always the same
in that they have happy endings, they always have famous actors and almost the same plot. Dead
Man shows that the western American movies always stereotype Indians by taking the Americans'
side, and portraying them as heroes, we never see an Indian that is a victim or a hero in American
movies, Indians are always vicious. In Dead Man however, one of the heroes of the movie is an
Indian man, and the American pioneer is weaker than him. I believe The director named the Indian
man "Nobody" , to show how Indians are nothing to the Americans. Another thing this movie
mocks, is the way American movies portray women. Women are always Objects of intercourse in
Dead Man, for example, the moment Blake meets the woman outside the Bar, she asks him to walk
her home, in order to sleep with him. The ending of the movie was very interesting in my opinion,
one never sees such ending in a Hollywood movie, where all the heroes die. I found Dead man very
similar to the works of an art movement called Dada movement. What the artists of this ... Show
I believe one of the director's concerns is to deliver his message through his movies without
confusing his audience, or making them notice the complexity of the techniques and the abundance
of the ideas it deals with. Also, As a director, Jarmusch says " the only thing that matters to me is to
protect my ability to be the navigator of the ship", in other words, his main concern is to always be
the main engine that controls and activates the other parts of the

How Did Alfred Hitchcock Turn Into Blockbuster Films
Alfred Hitchcock's journey to international filmmaking stardom started small but ended with him
being considered the best director of the 20th century. Alfred directed many films throughout his
life. His career started in a humble London film studio and working on small films, working his way
up to Hollywood, CA, in massive Paramount studios and producing blockbuster films. Alfred
Hitchcock was arguably one of the most experienced and imaginative filmmakers of the 20th
century. Alfred Hitchcock developed his technical experience for film during many years of hard
work and determination while working under other directors. Alfred acquired many of his skills
while working as a director's assistant in London. As a director's assistant, Alfred would do many
odd jobs. He would critique many aspects of the film, or help any department that needed help. He
would help costume design, rewrite a scene, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alfred used creative tricks in filming to properly portray emotions. Alfred learned many of his tricks
while working under other directors like Michael Balcon and David O. Selznick. These tricks
included camera angles, forced perspective, and control of sights and sounds. These tricks would
give him his signature style and ability to "control the audience's feelings." in a way. Alfred also
showed imagination by creating blockbuster films out of other people's stories or plays, along with
his own. Nearly all of Alfred's early films were adapted from books or plays that his companies
secured the rights to, like The Lodger, or The Mountain Eagle. while adversely, Alfred was aloud to
create stories of his own for later films, such as Vertigo, or North By Northwest. Alfred's ability to
adapt stories or ideas to masterpiece films showcase his imagination in film. Alfred used creative
tricks and amazing stories to become a great

Spike Lee
An auteur is a director who personal creative vision and style is expressed through films. The term
auteur is originated in France and is French for author. There are different ways in which a director
can express their vision in films and show who they are. There are many directors that are
considered to be a auteur such as: Quentin Tarintino, Tim Burton, Kathryn Bigelow, Stanley Kubrick
and Woody Allen. The director I have chosen as an auteur is Spike Lee.
Lee's Life:
Spike Lee is an American film director who has directed, produced, written and acted in Spike Lee
films such as Malcolm X, Jungle Fever, Inside Man and Love & Basketball. Spike Lee was born in
Atlanta, Georgia where he attended Morehouse College and made his first ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Spike is also a successful music director and documentarian. He has directed music videos for
celebrities such as Michael Jackson, Naughty by Nature, Anita Baker and Public Enemy. He has also
directed the documentaries, Jim Brown: All–American and 4 Little Girls which was nominated
"Best Documentary". He is also known for making some great commercials for Nike, Converse,
Jaguar, Taco Bell and Ben & Jerry's.
His Personal Style:
Themes:
Spike is no stranger to controversy due to the elements he uses in his films. Most of Lee's films
consist of an African American theme and inspect the issues of race relations, political issues, urban
crime and violence. His 2nd film he made Do the Right Thing (1989) explored all of these issues.
He also explored the issues of family/father & relationships in his films Crooklyn (1994), Get on the
Bus (1996) and He Got Game (1998). In his films School Daze (1988), Do The Right Thing (1989),
Jungle Fever (1991), Get on the Bus (1996), Summer of Sam (1999) and Bamboozled (2000) he
included the issues circulating around racism. Another issue he explores is black female sexuality
which is in the films She's Gotta Have It (1986), Girl 6 (1996) and She Hates Me (2004).
Genre:
Whenever it comes to genre Spike always picks the right one. He switches them around so
sometimes his films will be a comedy, sometimes it will be a romantic comedy (a hybrid genre) or a
drama. Spike never seems to

The Death Of Jean Pierre Grumbach
Born in Paris in the middle of World War I, Jean–Pierre Grumbach knew he wanted to be a
filmmaker at a very early age. After receiving a "Pathé Baby " camera at the age of seven, he went
on to create the equivalent of thirty short movies in various formats for friends and family by the
time he turned twenty. His burgeoning career and dreams of being a film director were interrupted
by Nazi Germany and the Second World War, but instead of evacuating to the United Kingdom he
stayed in his homeland and fought, wisely changing his last name to Melville after his favorite
author. Now a veteran of the Resistance in Nazi–occupied France, Jean–Pierre Melville later used
his love of filmmaking and American gangster movies, accompanied by his disdain for the
domineering French cinema establishment, to invent an entire genre of films and inspire an army of
young directors to ignore conventional methods and embrace their own creations in their own
unique ways.
THE ACCIDENTAL ICON
From the beginning, Melville caught the attention of audiences and critics with his hardboiled crime
noir films both in terms of storytelling and filming techniques. So much so that writers coined a
term for his films–and those soon to follow by others directors–as the French New
Wave, and Melville was the Godfather. Part of Melville's motivation for this new style was his
intense dissatisfaction with the imperious demands of the Director's Guild as he personally defined
the French New Wave as "an

Truffaut's Auteur Theory
For nearly the length of time that the film industry has existed, theorists have extensively speculated
about the authorship of film and who should receive credit for the creative capital that is created. In
the United States, as the executive studios in New York expanded and began to exert more control
over Hollywood, speculation emerged about how much control these studios had over the films
being produced. It was in the midst of this environment that auteur theory originated–with French
theorist Truffaut's concept of politique de auteurs. Auteur theory argues that films are characterized
by the styles of their directors, who are the "authors" of the films. However, there are many other
theories about who should be credited as the authors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main reason auteur theory is popular because it personalizes the author of films (in comparison
to the de–humanization of saying that a big studio is responsible); however, this unnecessarily
makes directors into heroes that they aren't and celebrating them only as a more desirable alternative
to the studio explanation. Schatz points to multiple authors, mostly arguing against the director–as–
author focus of auteur theory; by rejecting auteur theory, he is advocating for broadening the scope
to consider the larger system by which films are produced. "The closer we look at Hollywood's
relations of power and hierarchy of authority during the studio era, at its division of labor and
assembly–line production process, the less sense it makes to assess filmmaking or film style in terms
of the individual director–or any individual, for that matter" (Schatz, 459). Films are not simply the
product of an individual's human expression, but a conglomerate of institutional forces. The "style"
of any individual–a star, director, writer, costumer designer, light operator, or cinematographer–
fuses with the studio's resources–its staff, history, and institutional focus (genre, stars, etc.). He says
that famous examples which people cite to prove that the directors are the true authors of films
(John

Blockbuster Research Paper
Films in America come in a large array of styles and genres. Whether they're made as blockbuster or
independent films, there are always films which can appeal to all viewers. The caper film or caper
"story" is a subgenre of crime fiction. There are more differences than similarities between the
blockbuster and independent film approach however both will be thoroughly discussed. Blockbuster
films are described as big Hollywood movies with large budgets, produced by well known directors,
producers and studios with A–list stars and fancy accommodations. On the other hand, Independent
films are produced outside well known studios by directors who may be unknown and typically
have small budgets and simpler filming locations. Independent films also tend to serve a more
specific type of fanbase(niche films) instead of trying to appeal to a broad range of people the way
blockbusters tend to do to try and maximize revenue. Quentin Tarantino became one of the most
talked about film directors in the 1990s. Most notably from his films Reservoir Dogs(1992) and
Pulp Fiction(1994). Reservoir Dogs a caper film had a modest budget of 1.2 million dollars as an
Independent film. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they're equally important because many blockbuster films created by directors with
immense talent were once themselves "Indie" directors. The Sundance Film Festival founded in
1981 by Robert Redford recognizes both American and International Independent film makers.
Perhaps without this platform many directors and producers alike wouldn't have their name in
Hollywood they now have today such as Martin Scorsese. The dependence between the blockbuster
and independent films is what needs to remain in Hollywood. There needs to remain an abundance
of variety among the films were given or else wheres the

Cinema Paradiso Essay
Cinema Paradiso: Still Relevant Today
Released in 1988 by director Giuseppe Tomatore, "Cinema Paradiso" follows the life of a young boy
in Italy who dreams of being a filmmaker. The road the boy, who eventually becomes a famous
Italian film director named Salvatore Di Vita, takes to reach his goal is difficult and includes many
sacrifices and trade–offs. Today, the film is widely regarded as one of the most popular foreign films
ever to be released in the United States. Given that foreign films are fairly common in America, it is
fair to consider why "Cinema Paradiso" received such critical acclaim, as well as relative
mainstream popularity. "Cinema Paradiso" received critical and popular praise because the film
includes several timeless themes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The importance a mentor can play in a person's life is something that many viewers will have
experienced, while the hard decision between love and ambition is another familiar feeling. Many
American viewers will see the scenes involving censorship and consider how the modern American
government is practicing authority overreach, just as the priest was doing in Salvatore's hometown.
These themes make "Cinema Paradiso" both insightful as well as entertaining, and help explain its
popularity

The Pros And Cons Of Christopher Nolan
When "auteur directors" gets researched on Google, Christopher Nolan shows up in the list together
with other well–known directors like Alfred Hitchcock, Quentin Tarantino, and Martin Scorsese.
Christopher Nolan is a British–American film director, producer and screenwriter and seems to be
another filmmaker who takes pride in the title of auteur director. His films are a hit all around the
world and it can be argued whether or not his films are a distinct reflection of his creative vision.
Nolan was first recognized for his offbeat productions like Memento (2000) and is now responsible
for a number of blockbusters including The Dark Knight (2008) and Inception (2010). Nolan is
considered as one of the most accomplished filmmakers and an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He is particularly known for writing and directing dark, mind–bending drama and thriller films
considering his many productions. Nolan has quite a few blockbusters under his name and The
Telegraph actually titled him as "the director who can do what he wants"; with the caption
"Christopher Nolan's brainy blockbusters have earned him love not seen since Spielberg" (2010).
Nolan is very popular right now among many different types of audiences. The reason for this is
because Nolan does not only provide audiences with big action pictures, but he does so on an
intellectual level. A film like Transformers (Michael Bay, 2007, USA) for example, which is solely
about the action, and thus entertainment, is not considered to be very high in its overall purpose.
Nolan's films then stand out and he is able to keep audiences engaged in his

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