Illustration 7

1. LESSON 3: USE OF HAND TOOLS

2. PENCIL
 The pencil is a good linear tool.
 Pencils come in many varieties, like charcoal, graphite, and colored pencils.
 Pencils are made of a graphite or plastic lead stick, surrounded by a wood
casing.

3. PENCIL
 The graphite pencils are most commonly used
and have a range of soft to hard grades, from
9B to 9H, with 9B being the softest as well as
the darkest and 9H being the hardest. The HB
pencil is dark and appropriate for sketching.
The 2B pencil is softer and darker, while 4B
and 6B are used for shading. The greater the
pressure the darker the shade you will get.
Understanding pencil grades: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-vsHfyAAeM

4. PENS
 Ballpoint pens are the regular ink pens
that we normally use for day-to-day
writing.
 Ballpoint pens are used for drawing and
shading, but care must be taken to control
the pressure used.
 Too much pressure may result in an
unwanted blob of ink on the drawing
surface.

5. PENS
 Felt-tipped pens are commonly used by
artists.
 A wide range of colors is available and
the artist can blend colors to create
different effects.
 By controlling the pressure used, the
artist can create shading and hard or soft
lines.

6. PENS
 Fountain pens and lettering pens are used for general drawing,
sketching or calligraphy. Have refillable or replaceable reservoirs.

7. PENS
 Technical pens are somewhat
similar to fountain pens.
 They have a tube-like, hard nib
that can be used both for
sketching and for producing
detailed drawings.
 Have refillable or replaceable
reservoirs.
How to pick the perfect drawing pen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNgYvTI09XE

8. BRUSHES
 The brush has been used for generations to draw and write with inks.
 Brushes come in a wide variety of materials, shapes and sizes. They are made
of a fibrous tip, connector called a ferrule and wooden or plastic handle.
 Basically, two types of brushes are available: Round and Flat
How to blend drawings using brushes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM8CyvqWgZ8
Round Brushes Flat Brushes

9. PAPER / BOARD
 Paper is a material manufactured in
thin sheets from the pulp of wood or
other fibrous substances, used for
writing, drawing, or printing on, or as
wrapping material.
 Board is very heavy, stiff paper. Board
weight is described by the number of plies
(thin layers) that make up the board.

10. RULER
 Ruler is used for measuring and setting
of dimensions usually expressed in
centimeters and inches, and drawing
straight lines.

11. COMPASS
 Compass is used in drawing arcs and
circles.

12. COLORING MATERIAL
 Consists of pigment that is used to color drawings.

13. COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
As technology continues to change and access improves, students and artists
have more opportunities to use computers and digital equipment and software.
Various equipment and technologies may be incorporated when appropriate for
capturing, creating, manipulating and displaying images.

14. Dry Materials for
Making Marks
Wet Materials for
Making Marks
Tools Used to
Apply Wet and
Dry Materials
Materials Used
as Surfaces
Digital
Equipment
• pencils
• pencil crayons
• charcoal
• chalk
• oil pastels
• ink
• ballpoint pens
• felt pens
• markers
• paints (acrylic,
water color,
• tempera,
poster, oil)
• brushes
• rollers
• airbrush
• palette knife
• found objects
• paper
• glass
• fabric
• plastic
• metal
• wood
• drafting table
• computer
• smartphone/
tablet
• scanner
• graphics
software
Classification of hand tools according to their function:

15. Sources:
http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/kes/pdf/or_os_art_te_back_01_design.pdf
http://eacharya.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-
documents/53e0c6cbe413016f234436ed_INFIEP_8/31/ET/8_ENG-31-ET-V1-S1__lesson.pdf