prospects of vaccine

1. Presentation On
Current Prospects of Vaccine
IN
Bangladesh
Presented by
1. Ahsan Habib
2. Maria Rahman
3. Joy Bala
4. Md. Kamruzzaman
5. Negar Sultana
Dept. of Pharmacy
Just
Presented to…..
Md. Uzzal Haque
Lecturer
Dept. of Pharmacy
Just
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Welcome

2. Out Line……
• Vaccine
• History of Vaccine
• How Vaccine Work?
• Vaccination In Bangladesh
• Generation Of Vaccine
• Example of Some Recent prospects of Vaccine
• Recent Development of Vaccine in Bangladesh
• Future Prospects of vaccine
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3. VACCINE
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4. Biotech products are therapeutic agent
which are manufectured by biotechnological
manufecturing
Biotech products
Application:-
•Insulin
•Vaccine
•Biofuel
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5. “A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves
immunity to a particular disease.The agent stimulates the
body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign,
destroy it, and remember it, so that the immune system can
more easily recognize and destroy any of these
microorganisms that it later encounters”– WHO 2015
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6. Vaccine
Vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the
body to prevent the disease produced by certain
pathogens.
•Hepatitis B
•Tuberculosis
•Anthrax
•Polio
•Typhoid
•Smallpox
Examples
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IN 1796 … Small pox

8. 1963 : Dr. Albert Sabin introduced trivalent oral polio vaccine
The first measles vaccine licensed
1971 : The MMR vaccine licensed.
1982 : Hepatitis B vaccine becomes available.
Blumberg & Millman Irwing
1995 : Varicella vaccine is licensed.
Hepatitis A vaccine licensed.
Acellular pertussis vaccine licensed
Milestones in vaccine development
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9. 2003: The first live attenuated influenza vaccine(FLUMIST) licensed
for use in people from 5 to 49 years of age.
2005: FDA licenses the meningococcal conjugate vaccine to
prevent invasive meningococcal diseases (MENATRA)
2006: FDA licenses the HPV (GARDASIL) and Rotavirus vaccines
(Rota Teq)
2008: Two dose rotavirus vaccine (ROTARIX) approved
2009: Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine approved
Milestones in vaccine development
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10. Vaccines are Currently available for all of
the following vaccine-preventable diseases
In Bangladesh.
1. Anthrax.
2. Cervical Cancer (Human Papillomavirus)
3. Diphtheria.
4. Hepatitis A.
5. Hepatitis B.
6. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
7. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
8. Influenza (Flu)
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Many of the common vaccines currently in use consist of
inactivated (killed) or live but attenuated (avirulent) bacterial cells
or viral particles.
Type of vaccines
 Killed/Inactivated.
 Attenuated.
Killed/ Inactivated: Some vaccines contain killed, but previously
virulent, micro-organisms that have been destroyed with chemicals,
heat, radioactivity or antibiotics. e.g. Cholera, Rabies, Influenza
Attenuated: Some vaccines contain live, attenuated
microorganisms. Many of these are live viruses that have been
cultivated under conditions that disable their virulent properties.
E.g. BCG, OPV, Measles, Mumps, Rubella.
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12. How a vaccine works
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13. vaccination
• Vaccination is the adminstration of antigenic
material to stimulate an individuals immune
system to develop adaptive immunity to a
pathogen.Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate
morbidity from infection
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15. Bangladesh introduces new vaccine
 To prevent severe forms of child
pneumonia and meningitis
 4 million children to be
vaccinated annually with new
combination vaccine

16. Some Bangladeshi Vaccine
Diseases Brand Name Company
• Hepatitis A Harvix GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
• Typhoid Vaxpyhoid Incepta Pharmaceuticals
• Influenza FLUAD Novertics vaccineDiagonestic Ltd
• Pneumonia PREVENAR 13 Apollo Hospital Ltd
• Hepatitis B Engerix-B GalaxoSmithKline (GSK)
• Rabies Rabipur Rnata Ltd
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18. First Generation Second Generation Third Generation
Live
attenuated
Killed/Inacti
vated
Conjugated
Toxoid
Subunit
Recombinan
t Vector
DNA
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19. Different Vaccine preventing diseases
Type of vaccine Disease
1 Live attenuated vaccine Measels, mumps, rubella, polio (sabin)
yellow fever
2 Killed vaccine (Inactivated) Cholera, hep-A, Plague , Polio, (Salk),
Rabies
3 Toxoid Diphtheria, Tetanus
4 Subunit Hepatisi-B, Pertusis, pneumania,
5 Conjugate HIb
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20. What is Edible Vaccine ?
• Edible Vaccine involves introduction
of selected desired genes into plant
and then inducing these altered plants
to manufacture the altered protein
• Edible vaccine mucosal immunity i.e.
first line of defense
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21. Malaria
Circumsporozoite
protein (CSP)
Merozoite surface
protein (MSP)
Apical membrane
antigen 1 (AMA-1)
Multiple Antigen Peptide (MAP) Vaccines
 Effective immunity
 Currently in preclinical stages
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22. Dengue
CYD-TDV
 Live attenuated tetravalent vaccine
 Vaccine efficacy of 57%: Phase III study in 10,275 children aged
2 to 14 years in 5 countries in the Asia-Pacific revealed
 3 doses given 6 months apart (at 0, 6 and 12 months)
 First study of the vaccine on Indian adults aged 18-45 years at
five sites found: vaccine safe & immunogenic
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23. Rotavac rotavirus vaccine
 live attenuated rotavirus strain 116E
 Three doses at the ages of 6, 10, and 14 weeks
 Well tolerated when co-administered with UIP
vaccines
 Approval pending
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24. Bladder cancer: CG0070 vaccine
 Type of Oncolytic virus therapy
 Stimulates cytokine GM-CSF to enhance anti-tumour
immune response
 Bladder Oncolytic virus for Non-muscle invasive bladder
cancer Disease, trial of intravesical CG0070 for non-muscle
invasive bladder cancer patients is ongoing
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25. The Cervical Cancer Vaccine
 The cervical cancer vaccine (also called the
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine or HPV vaccine)
protects you from getting infected with the ‘High
Risk’ HPV types that cause 70% of cervical
cancer.
 The vaccine also provides protection against the
HPV types that cause 90% of cervical warts.

26. Side Effects of cervical cancer Vaccine
 The risks of receiving the vaccine are minimum
and similar to other vaccines.
 The most common reported side effects are:
• Redness and soreness where the shot is given.
• Headaches (like when you have a cold or fever).
• Fever.
• If you become pregnant soon, there may be risks
to your unborn fetus.

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29. Development of Vaccine
• Pre-clinical development is research carried
out in lab assays and on animals.
– Creation of the vaccine concept
– Evaluation of vaccine efficacy in test tubes and
animals
– Manufacture of the vaccine to Good
Manufacturing Practice standards
• Clinical development is when the vaccine is
first tested in humans. It covers four stages
over several years,
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30. Future prospects
•Use of recombinant DNA technique to insert the
gene coding for the protein of interest into the
genome of avirulent virus that can be administered
as vaccine
•Including in the vaccine only those subviral
components needed to stimulate protective
antibody, minimizing occurrence of adverse
reactions
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31. •Use of purified proteins isolated from purified
virus or synthesized from cloned genes
(recombinant Hep B vaccine containing viral
proteins synthesized in yeast cells)- forming
empty VLP
•Use of synthetic peptides corresponding to
antigenic determinants on a viral protein, thus
avoiding reversion to virulence since no viral
nucleic acid is present (newer HIV vaccines)
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32. •Development of edible vaccines where transgenic
plants synthesizing antigens from pathogenic viruses
provide new cost effective way of vaccine delivery
•Use of naked DNA vaccines in which recombinant
plasmids carrying the gene for the protein of interest
are injected into hosts and the DNA produces
immunizing protein
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33. Limitations of Current Vaccines
• Single disease prevention
• Require Multiple doses
• Not 100 % effective
• No sustained Protection
• Though less, but have adverse reactions
• Most are not safe in pregnancy and immunodeficiency
• Biological & environmental stability- difficult
• Cost effectiveness
• Risk of infection with live-attenuated micro-organisms
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