Y. DROR defined planning as preparing decisions for the future aimed at achieving goals optimally. Educational planning establishes objectives and targets for educational development over a defined period using resources properly. Planning is a dynamic ongoing process, not static, that results in recommendations to be approved and implemented. Planning involves linked decisions that solve problems, facilitate decision-making, and are action-oriented, implementable, and based on management rather than just theory. Planning notes existing arrangements and sets future directions, but decisions must be made now to determine those directions, which are articulated through goals, objectives and targets over time frames to be achieved through cost-effective and efficient management of funds and resources including community participation.

1. Y. DROR defined PLANNING as the process or preparing a set of decisions for action in the
future directed at achieving goals by optimal means. In this sense, Ernesto Franco adds,
educational planning is a group of related activities which establish objectives and targets for
educational development over a defined period using given resources properly managed.
THE KEY ASPECTS OF PLANNING
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It is a dynamic process of on-going activities, not a one-shot or once-for all static function It is a
preparatory step, resulting in findings and recommendations that will have to be approved and
then implemented in the proper order Planning not only solves problems and facilitates decision-
making, it involves sets of decisions which are linked to each other It should be action-directed,
implementable, and cast in the practice of management, not theory or academic bias alone; It
takes note of existing arrangements and sets directions for the future, but which directions can
only be made if decisions are made now, and not tomorrow These directions are articulated in
terms of goals, objectives and targets, over given time frames; and These are to be achieved in
cost-effective strategies and tactics directed by efficient management mobilizing needed funds
and resources, including community participation.
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