Deaf In America Essay

Deaf in America Essay
Deaf in America: Voices From A Culture By Carol Padden & Tom L. Humphries Copyright 1988 This book was mainly focused on looking at Deaf
culture of today and comparing it to the culture of the past, and what kinds of struggles deaf people had to endure to get where they are today. The
two authors of this book are deaf; one was deaf her whole life and the other became deaf as a child. In my opinion, that was a major contributing
factor to why it was so interesting. The reader gets a chance to travel through the history of the Deaf through words from those who have experienced
it. It also had a positive impact because the authors let the readers know in the introduction that they are deaf and a brief history of themselves, which I
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In the past, many deaf or even hard–of–hearing students were sent away to special schools for the Deaf, and were not able to associate with the
hearing at all. Now, many schools, both public and private, have programs to help these students and make sure that they can stay in a regular school
that is close to home. The book also describes how life has changed for deaf adults through the years. Previously, many deaf adults were not able to
get jobs in many places, because there were not many places that were accepting to them. These days, however, almost every business or company is
looking for those that are fluent in American Sign Language, due to the simple fact that they would be able to accommodate that many more people
and earn more money for their business. Also, there were not many outlets for deaf adults to use in relation to entertainment or basic needs, because
again, mostly everything was catered to hearing adults only. However, they have recently developed many different ways for the deaf to communicate
with the hearing and with one another, including TTY, full–keyboard, and internet phones and closed–captions on television stations and movies. I did
actually really like this book. I was not sure if I was going to enjoy it when the project was first assigned, but after reading for a while, I became really
interested
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Barriers to Effective Communication for Nurses Essay
Barriers to Effective Communication
Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between two or more people; this is something that we do all the time. It is important
that nurses recognize that communication is the key to good holistic care, as patients need reassurance and information regarding their care.
Communication is so much more than just talking to one another. It is how people respond to each other in many different ways (Langs 1983).
Some examples of communication are talking, writing, signing, reading and body language, which is suggested, has several elements (Dimbleby and
Burton 1992).
Communication can be very effective but first it needs to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hearing loss can be broken down into many different categories. For example, there are two main types of hearing loss, these are pre lingual deafness
and post lingual deafness. These can then be broken down into physical, psychosocial and spiritual aspects. For the purpose of this work, I am going
to explore the physical aspects of deafness.
Many people just assume that the main problem with having a hearing impairment is that it is hard to understand speech and the consequent isolation
from the rest of the noise–producing world. However, pre lingual deafness is defined as someone who has been completely deaf from birth so therefore
gives rise to expressive problems in both speech and language (Syder 1992). A post lingual deaf person is someone who has lost there hearing suddenly
or gradually and the loss can be partial or total (Syder 1992).
One fifth of the countries population suffers some sort of hearing loss (Martin and Grover 1986). This covers a wide range of problems from minor
difficulties to complete loss.
Not recognising a hearing problem could result in patients/clients becoming withdrawn, isolated and excluded from people around them.
Chalfont suggests that deafness was the loneliest disability as it isolates them from the rest of the community (Chalfont 1986).

The most frustrating and depressing part about

Relay Services for the Deaf Essay
Relay Services for the Deaf
In America, there are more than 28 million deaf people but there are many different services available to meet their needs. A hearing person can have
a casual conversation without even realizing the difficulties that 202,613 (5.58%) hard of hearing people might face in the world (Stat. on Deafness).
It doesn't have to be so difficult for a deaf/hard of hearing person to have a conversation even if the person they are talking to is in another state. With
popular services such as Maryland Relay, the TTY and various telecommunications relay services– it is now possible for deaf people to have a phone
conversation.
In 1984, of the 85 million telephones in the United States and Canada, less than one percent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TTY's have a typewriter keyboard and allow the person to type their telephone conversations through two–way–texting. The relay operators dials the
number for the TTY user, then the relay operator types what the standard phone user says to the TTY user and the relay operator says what the TTY
typed. This relay service has had a significant impact on the communication all over the world.
Different states have non–profit organizations that hire operators to relay TTY conversations to people with standard phones. In the state of
Maryland, the primary service available is called Maryland Relay. It is a public service that provides operators for the TTY phone. Not only is this
service helpful but it is free to anyone that have some sort of disability, assistance income or insurance. There is no limit to the amount of calls or
amount of time the person can be using the phone. Another bonus of Maryland Relay is that relay operators have to keep phone calls confidential.
For example, if a personal family matter is presented over the teletypewriter, the receiver is not permitted to discuss the phone call with anyone else.
Maryland Relay does not just except phone calls from a standard phone, it also handles collect calls, calling cards and any participating long distance
company (How does it work).
The Maryland relay service and TTY phones are not available to everyone. In order to use the Maryland relay service a person must be a Maryland

The Development of American Sign Language Essay
The development of American Sign Language in the United States dates back to as early as the 1600s. On Martha's Vineyard there was a relatively
large Deaf population due to genetics and heredity. This was thought to trace back to the first people of the land, who traveled from Massachusetts
and carried this genetic deafness with them. Because there were so many people that were deaf living there, it was extremely common for all people,
deaf and hearing, to learn their own version of sign language. This early form of sign language was known as Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
(MVSL) (Lapiak, 1996–2014). Little did the creators of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language know, MVSL would be incorporated into the first school for
deaf students... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The time came that Gallaudet had to come back to the United States, but he had not felt that he had learned enough sign language to bring this method
of communication back to the American people. Laurent Clerc agreed to come on the journey back to the United States with him, teaching him more
sign language along the way as Gallaudet taught him English. When they arrived in the United States, the two were able to put together the American
School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817 ("Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet," 2013). This school educated students from surrounding areas that
included Martha's Vineyard. The students from the Vineyard were able to bring with them their land's created version of sign language and intertwine
it with their new schooling (Lapiak, 1996–2014). This was only the beginning of education and schools for deaf students. Later in the 1800s, one of
Thomas Gallaudet's sons, Edward Miner Gallaudet, had a strong desire to begin another school for deaf students. He chose Washington, D.C. as the
location for Gallaudet College, the first national college that was created specifically for the needs of deaf students. In 1864, Edward Miner Gallaudet
solicited President Abraham Lincoln to sign the charter allowing for the establishment of this college. The student enrollment was very small at first,
but over time enrollment grew and eventually the college was able to gain the title of

Deaf Culture Research Paper
How much do teachers know about Deaf Culture? The purpose of this paper is to explain what deaf culture is and to show what teachers really
know about this subject. This topic was selected to make teachers aware of the different cultures inside of America. It is also that teachers are made
aware of the culture so they can learn more about that subject. When doing interviews I asked what questions the teachers had on the subject. The
questions varied from, "What life is like? How to compensate? What can a school do to assist?", "What tools are there to help the students learn
better", and "Can they hear anything at all? Is it better for me to face them directly to read my lips? Will someone assist them in communicating since
I don't know sign language?". During the time of my research I have tried to answer these questions to the best of my abilities. A culture can be
defined as a system of shared values, beliefs, behaviors and artefacts. When it comes to Deaf Culture they are made up of their own social norms,
views, values, historic figures, art and the forces that are acting upon identity formation (Hamill & Stein, 2011). Throughout history the United States
being Deaf has been labeled as a disability. As well as the Deaf community as a whole making up a cultural minority. But a... Show more content on
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Deaf students want to be accepted and not looked upon as impaired in any way and deafness is an invisible or hidden disability so it may often cause
the Deaf student to be upset as they are learning who they are and why others see them differently. There are two views of deafness– the deaf, who
believe that they are capable of being fixed, perhaps through Cochlear Implants and intense speech lessons that will help them fit into the "Hearing
World" or the Deaf who embrace their lack of hearing and the culture that is part of the "Deaf World". They feel that they are fine the way they

The National Deaf Education Project
The National Deaf Education Project was founded in 1998 by Lawrence Siegel. Lawrence M. Siegel has been an advocate and attorney for special
education cases beginning in 1979 (National Deaf Education Project). He received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of California at
Berkeley (National Deaf Education Project). He has strong beliefs regarding the Deaf community and culture and the Deaf's rights and liberties as
Americans. Specifically, he believes that communication and language is a right for human beings and should become a necessity for learning. He
established the NDEP to become the model and articulate a plan for communication in the educational setting for deaf and hard of hearing students in
the United States (National Deaf Education Project). The board of the NDEP consists of representatives of Gallaudet University and collaborators of
the project of the American Society for Deaf Children, the Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools for the Deaf, the Convention of
American Instructors of the Deaf, Gallaudet University, and the National Association of the Deaf (Gallaudet). This organization continues to aid in
reforming the communication systems for the deaf and hard of hearing in public educational systems. Lawrence Siegel has succeeded in an abundance
of fiets for deaf and hard of hearing educational rights. The National Deaf Education Project has been succeeding in cases and court by fighting for
deaf educational rights since 1998 until

Signs Of The Deaf Community Sign Language
American Sign Language There are thousands of languages spoken all over the world and hundreds spoken across the United States of America, but
what about the language that isn't technically spoken? The ability to speak in order to communicate is a privilege that most forget they have. Imagine
the struggle of the injustice a person was served losing their ability to hear or speak normally. It's heartbreaking because communication is so vital to a
person's life. However, imagine a system that allows these people to communicate without much problem. This system is actually classified as its own
language and it's called Sign Language. Sign Language a language that helps many with disabilities, and those who don't have disabilities, communicate
with each other. However, despite its huge impact on the deaf community Sign Language still has some room for improvement. Just like other
languages though, there isn't just one form of sign language. There are many types and variations of sign language based on environment and location.
But the most commonly used and most commonly heard of would be American Sign Language or ASL for short. For the purpose of this essay, we'll be
discussing American Sign Language. Sign Language dates all the way back to 1620 when a man named Juan Pablo Bonet wrote a series of essays
on what he believed be the appropriate manner of communication with the deaf. His essays showed his own system of language for the deaf including
an alphabet and a series of

American Sign Language Essay
American Sign Language In learning about the deaf culture I have taken on a new understanding about the people it includes. Through readings and
the lessons, I have learned that being deaf has both its hardships and its blessings. The beauty of the language alone makes one want to learn all that
he or she can about it. In this paper I will discuss the beauty of the language and the misconceptions the hearing world has about deafness. The deaf
culture has often been labeled as the deaf– and– dumb culture. This is not only an insulting term it is also very inaccurate. Deaf people are just as
intelligent as hearing people. In the early 1800's when ASL was first brought about in the United States Being deaf was considered shameful ... Show
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An adult that goes deaf feels they can lose alot; friends, a job, a marriage. I have watched three movies about the deaf culture, each has helped me
to understand the Deaf World a little better. The first movie I watched was "Mr. Holland's Opus", which was about a musician whose son was
born deaf. This was very upsetting to the musician because his son would never be able to hear the music that was so important to him. As a
result father and son drifted and never really had the connection that a father and son should have until the father realized that his son wasn't so
different after all. I could relate to this movie because the one thing I think deaf people are missing out on is the beauty of music. Music is such an
important part of my life that I would dread to have a life without it. The movie "Love is Never Silent " consisted of a hearing child left alone with
deaf parents when her younger hearing brother dies. This movie shows how she was her parents sole link to the hearing world. It also showed how
her parents were looked at by the hearing world and how they looked at the hearing world. They had a certain distrust for the hearing. The daughter
was ashamed to have deaf parents and to sign in front of hearing people because she didn't want to be different. Her

Identity And Cultural Identity
An individual may not have a preference or choice they're automatically born into their cultural identity by naturally acquiring their language,
accustoms, and/or taught other cultural fundamentals. This may reflect different ways or aspects of how importance five–factor models of personality,
language, or learned gestures may play a role in a family or their culture based on the majority and minority which speaks also as a method of
communication. Understanding there's another way identity labeling may intercept cultural similarities and dissimilarities, and through a reflection
from 3 different cultures White, Chinese, and Indian. Their label may relate or changes how their identity may interconnect in a multicultural social
groups, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When discovering what creates the distinctions and resemblance from the majority groups that shares the identity as an American but favorably
privilege. In contrast, the debate in the U.S. society stems from characterizing social racial hierarchy when valuing whiteness above all others. Since
White have interactions with family, peers, and social media. Meanwhile, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), supports the notion that most white
people show unconscious, and unintentional biases of those individuals who decided to take the Test Yourself for Hidden Bias (2017), of the same race
even when making the comparison to other non–white groups.
In this second part, may assist a person to understanding the different point views relating to deaf culture for instance, let's examine the common
cultural identity based on five–factor model of personality in these 3 articles and which they're valued in similarities by sharing different measures in
tendencies displaying consistent behavioral patterns of thoughts, emotion, actions, and language. Although, familiar vocabulary of trait describes being
original, nervous, accommodating, being careful, and enthusiastic Cross–Cultural Research (2017), as a reflection of themselves and others.
Individual's withdrawals in communication may stem from neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, sociability and openness to experience. In
addition, the

Children With Disabilities Act ( Ada )
Before 1990 the United States did not systematically have tools or laws in place for Deaf individuals. In 1991, the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) – a civil rights law was implemented across the U.S [with four sections] that prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities including
deaf and hearing impaired people. The purpose of the ADA is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as
everyone else. Each section of the ADA– employment, government, public accommodations, and telecommunications – lists services that should be
provided for deaf individuals ("Rights of Deaf"). In 2008, amendments to this law were made which changed definitions of "disability".
"With any new law,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In 1975, Tom Humphries invented the term 'audism' to describe an oppressive attitude that some people, agencies, businesses, or organizations have
towards people who are deaf or hard of hearing" (). "Audism is discrimination or prejudice that is based on a person's ability, or lack of ability, to
hear." Sometimes audism is manifested through negative expectations or views about deaf or hearing–impaired persons, ignorance or lack of service to
provide reasonable accommodations and inappropriate, negative, or lower expectations of success ("What is 'Audism'?"). Issues of paternalism also
arise with Deaf and hearing impaired communities that mirror attitudes and actions of racism, sexism, ethnocentrism and basic forms of discrimination.
Despite the perceived limitations of being Deaf or hearing impaired and various forms of oppression and social injustice, Deaf Americans identify
themselves as members of a cultural community and linguistic group – which highly values literacy. Through the use of American Sign Language
(ASL), Deaf and hearing impaired individuals and groups are given a unique way to express themselves personally – and with that, a totally different
way to communicate through hands, faces and bodies without the use of sound. "Deaf culture focuses on the stimulation of the eyes and the enhanced
visual

A Jerney in to the Deaf World
Chapter notes:
Chapter Notes from Journey Into Deaf–World
Chapter 1
Chapter one is basically an introduction to the issues that are discussed throughout the book. Chapter one introduces all the people that are constantly
referred to throughout the book. Ben Bahan is the narrator and introduces us to Jake Cohan, Laurel Case, Roberto Rivera and Henry Byrne. Ben is a
CODA, Child Of Deaf Adults, and like many CODA's tried to stray from the deaf community be was eventually drawn back to it. He is currently
teaching at the only deaf college called
Galludet University. Each of these characters describes there lives growing up deaf from when they became deaf, to how their parents reacted, to how
they feel about it now. Jake describes himself ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their reaction is usually different. Many are driven by doctors to fix their child's deafness. Whether it is through hearing aids, surgery, audiologists,
speech therapy, using teachers that are trained in children with disabilities. The child grows up thinking something is wrong with them. Sadly hearing
parents don't realize that Deaf parents raise their Deaf children successfully with out many of these expensive services.
A lot of frustration and stress builds because the parents cannot communicate properly with their child. Hearing parents often say that they were never
informed of the many options that Deaf parents in the Deaf–World use with their child. Such as early use of ASL, hiring Deaf baby–sitters and day
caretakers.
Having spent months on an emotional roller coaster some parents refuse to accept the diagnosis that their child is Deaf. They are in denial that may
last for years. Some go so far as placing their Deaf child (whom they view as just having a hearing–impairment) in programs designed for hearing
children who have disabilities. This delays the start of effective educational programming and the Deaf child's academic achievement is likely to reflect
the delay.
Many young Deaf children cling to their hearing mothers excessively. There is almost no meaningful communication. The interaction between parent
and child becomes more the relation of teacher to pupil.

A survey at one school for the Deaf

The Importance Of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is communication by means other than verbal communication, which is the use of sounds and spoken language to
communicate a message. Nonverbal communication includes, body language, eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, silence, and personal space.
Nonverbal communication has different meanings in every culture. How is this communication viewed in different cultures, and is it interpreted as
offensive when a mentally disabled person portrays nonverbal communication that is usually seen by nondisabled people as inappropriate, offensive,
and or even rude?
In any society, standing out draws attention, whether it is wanted or unwanted attention, you will get it. In the United States, this is a good thing for
businesses that want to get their services and products noticed and is usually a good thing for people that stand out. Americans are all about standing
out. This means having the latest phones, clothes, accessories, and keeping up with the latest trends. Most of the time the more you stand out, the
more you fit in. Other countries are more about being the same as others and by being the same as others, you are fitting in. For China, being the
same as others, is important if you are going to be viewed as a productive member of society. This means respecting and showing respect to members
of society that have a higher status than yours, being able to perform at the same level as other children in school, and not standing out.
Mentally disabled people use and understand nonverbal communication much differently than people that are not disabled. Their understanding of how
nonverbal communication works and the importance of it also varies from disability to disability. For example, people with autism do not understand
nonverbal communication in the form of facial expressions the same way as nondisabled people. But they have been known to understand body
language just as well as anyone else.
The United States is known for celebrating the mentally disabled by means of shelters, homes, schools, sports, Special Olympics, raising awareness,
funding for research, coddling, and even accommodating for them in society. All of that for people that are different.
China makes no

Write An Essay On Deaf Culture
A boy named Steven has never listened to the sound of a radio, or heard the voice of his mother and father. Since these situations are typical for a
hearing person, they are taken for granted. These are everyday scenarios that will never be a part of a deaf person's life. "360 million people worldwide
have disabling hearing loss (1), and 32 million of these are children." (Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet, February 2017). Since having a hearing
disability is common in society, everyone should learn how to communicate, and interact with the deaf people through their culture. So, what exactly is
deaf culture? Deaf culture differs from hearing culture by having different language, social beliefs, art, education, and technology. Having a culture that
caters to the deaf allows people to not focus on the incapability to hear. Instead this lets deaf individuals to be themselves without judgement. Also,
making their daily tasks easier in a hearing world.
What is the sense of Hearing? Technically research says: "Hearing depends on a series of complex steps that change sound waves in the air into
electrical signals. Our auditory nerve then carries these signals to the brain". (How Do We Hear? July 2015). Hearing allows people to live without
boundaries. To respect and appreciate the real nature of deafness, first one must appreciate their current state of hearing. Every day, people hear
different simple sounds of birds chirping, traffic, voices of others, the radio

Deaf Art Is More Than Just A Painting Or Drawing
Deaf Art Deaf art is more than just a painting or drawing. So, what exactly is Deaf art? Deaf art is something that can bring together the Deaf
Community. The feelings that the Deaf experience are now brought onto a canvas. Art plays a huge role in the Deaf community. After all, the Deaf
are thought of as the best visual people. Deaf artists bring their Deaf pride and pour their hearts out into their art works. They are great role models to
the people in their community. The first Deaf artists from America started in the 1760's through the early 1800's. Most of these artists painted portraits
of American settlers in wanting to be recognized. There were no art museums or schools, so they taught themselves. These artists tried making their
living by painting portraits for the wealthy people. Their artworks were not much different from the hearing world's artwork at the time since there was
not a "Deaf culture" that was developed yet. Most Deaf artists did not even know of another Deaf person at that time. The more American developed,
the more Deaf schools were being established. Artists started to study art in France and Europe. Many of their arts reflected European styles because of
this. As more Deaf schools established, many Deaf communities formed a Deaf culture and emerged. The artists in the communities made their
artworks reflecting their lifestyle and surroundings. Deaf art is now well known within the Deaf culture. Many Deaf artists use their life experiences

Alexander Graham Bell Research Paper
Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3rd, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was the second of three sons of Alexander Melville Bell, his two
brothers names were Melville James Bell and Edward Charles Bell, who both died from tuberculosis. In 1877, he married Mabel Hubbard, his deaf
student, ten years his junior, she had became deaf at the age of five after contracting scarlet fever. They had four children including two daughters;
Marian Hubbard Bell and Elise May Bell. both of their sons, Edward and Robert, died in infancy.
His education was largely received through numerous experiments in sound and the furthering of his father's work on Visible Speech for the deaf.
Alexander moved to Boston to begin working on a device that would allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He traveled around the country giving speeches on the benefits of oralism, accompanied by Deaf students that learned how to use speech. He goes on
to argue that the use of American Sign Language in regional residential schools, the development of Deaf clubs and programs, and the exposure of
young Deaf children to Deaf adults and administrators were encouraging the pattern of Deaf–Deaf marriages. His goal was appeared to be to make
Deaf people less noticeable in society. Saying that without a Deaf Community, people would be forced to integrate into society. He assumed it would
integrate hearing and Deaf people together more, and the change could appear as education reforms rather than discrimination against the Deaf race.
However it just instilled anger into the Deaf Culture, which caused many debates to start up. Bell did gain success; he sent the memoir to anyone and
everyone involved in deaf education yet it still continued to fail. He was ultimately trying to eliminate their culture because he thought everyone should
be alike in a way. American Sign Language was their language just like English, Spanish, and French, and so on.Alexander Graham Bell and his
father's goal was to help the Deaf. They wanted to make them to feel like they are apart of a society; however, while doing that they were also
dehumanizing them in a way. The Deaf Culture takes pride in being deaf, and the work that the Bell family was doing was taking away their true
deaf identity. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist
(1860) and treatise on Visible Speech, which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over
a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone.

Deaf Culture History Essay
The deaf community does not see their hearing impairment as a disability but as a culture which includes a history of discrimination, racial prejudice,
and segregation. According to PBS home video "Through Deaf Eyes," there are thirty–five million Americans that are hard of hearing (Hott, Garey &
et al., 2007) . Out of the thirty–five million an estimated 300,000 people are completely deaf. There are over ninety percent of deaf people who have
hearing parents. Also, most deaf parents have hearing children. With this being the exemplification, deaf people communicate on a more intimate and
significant level with hearing people all their lives. "Deaf people can be found in every ethnic group, every region, and every economic class." The...
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Clec was from the Paris Institution for the Deaf and had been deaf since infancy. He bought to the United States a nonverbal form of
communication known as French sign language. The technique that Clerc taught was by the use of his hands, which he communicated with French
sign language, blended with a bit of signs used by students in the United States. To Gallaudet the language was a inspiration which he called it,
"Highly poetical," but to Clerc and many of the deaf people, the using of sign was natural and useful. This was a result of a created acculturated
nonverbal language known as American Sign Language (ASL). As new schools for the deaf spread west and south, American sign language also
evolved as well in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois. By the year of 1864, Abraham
Lincoln signed a law constituting the first college in the world for deaf students called Gallaudet University and all these schools used sign as a
curriculum. By April of 1871, a Scottish immigrant named, Alexander Graham Bell (founder of the telephone), laid a foundation for teaching deaf
children in Boston. Bell had a deaf mother and wife, and was always involved with the Deaf community. According to Baynton, "Bell thought that
signing prevented deaf people from learning to speak, so he was against deaf people using sign, their natural language." Bell also had

Deaf Culture Essay
Deaf Culture in America
CAPSTONE PROJECT
By Heather Velez
Liberal Arts Capstone
LIB–495–OL010
Dr. David Weischadle
April 19,2013
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to answer the major question, what is Deaf culture? There are three sub–questions that will assist in answering the
major question: (1) What constitutes Deaf culture? (2) How has American Sign Language impacted the Deaf community? (3) What are the major issues
that are being addressed in Deaf culture today? With these questions answer, it will give a better understanding as to what Deaf culture is and that it is
indeed a culture.
The methodology of my research is based off of internet, books, and a survey. My methodology of this paper is clear and... Show more content on
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There are also questions that arise such as, what constitutes Deaf culture? There are two other questions that are very important into explaining the
importance of Deaf culture, which is, how has ASL (American Sign Language) impacted the Deaf community and what are the major issues that
are being addressed in Deaf culture today? This topic is very important to me because I was raised in the Deaf culture. My entire family is Deaf
and have faced many of these questions that hearing people are unaware about. I feel that it is my job to educate when I have the chance to do so.
By being able to educate at least one person, I have done my job. I do not think there is enough information out there to reach everyone's awareness of
Deaf culture. While investigating this topic I will be trying to ask at least 30–50 people; Deaf and hearing, about what they think Deaf culture is. I am
very curious as to how many understand Deaf culture and how many Deaf people actually know what Deaf culture is. Deaf culture has been
suppressed for many years that even the Deaf people might not know what really makes up Deaf culture. I also what to get the Deaf people's take on
what they think are the major issues that are being dealt with today and also how they think ASL has impacted their communities (History). I know
that everyone will have a different take on these two questions and it is always interesting to see the different answers. I

Eradicating the Deaf-World Essays
Eradicating the Deaf–World
Just like members of other minorities, such as Hispanics and African–Americans, Deaf people experience some of the same oppression and hardships.
Although the attempts to "fix" members of and obliterate the DEAF–WORLD are not as highly publicized as problems with other minorities, they still
exist. Throughout time, hearing people have been trying to destroy the DEAF–WORLD with the eugenics movement, the mainstreaming of Deaf
children into public hearing schools, and cochlear implants.
Overall, the eugenics movement was meant to discourage Deaf people from socializing, intermarrying, and reproducing with each other. But these
goals are very much unachievable. When Deaf children are growing up in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So the fact that laws were passed to sterilize Deaf people shows again the attempts to do away with Deaf people and the DEAF–WORLD. Even as
recently as 1992, researchers at Boston University claimed to find the gene responsible for a common type of inherited deafness. The director
essentially stated that these findings would lead to genetic engineering, which in essence, would eradicate many Deaf people. These researchers want
to insert genetic material to prevent hereditary hearing impairment (Lane, 1996:385). Really, they want to stop deafness before it starts. The eugenics
movement takes on many forms, but they are all aimed at destroying the DEAF–WORLD.
Mainstreaming Deaf children into hearing public schools, with or without interpreters, has the potential to abolish the DEAF–WORLD. A Deaf child's
natural language is American Sign Language. Therefore, they should be exposed to and taught as much ASL in school as possible. When Deaf
children are mainstreamed into public schools, they lost contact with other Deaf children with whom they can associate and sign with. Many Deaf
adults have remained friends with people they met while attending residential schools. For parents that have children with other disabilities,
mainstreaming has an inherent attraction, but the

Children 's Awareness Of Racial Attitudes And Preferences
Race Status
In 2012, Margaret Beale Spencer, child psychologist and a leading researcher the field of child development, was brought on by CNN to design a
pilot study that examines children and race. The study aimed to reveal children 's' awareness of racial attitudes and preferences. The results were
shown during "Kids on Race: The Hidden Picture", on AC360В°.
After watching this study play out, it was obvious that children seem to be given messages about what is viewed as the good/positive race, and which is
viewed as the bad/negative, race. Although it might be expected that each child would choose their respective race as the one they gravitate to for the
'positive' questions, and a different race for the 'negative' questions, what was unfortunate was that both White and Black children showed a bias
towards Whites. Since children are so strongly influenced by their environments, and the people around them, we can assume that they are being
exposed to implicit racism, and subconscious bias attitudes. As stated by Dr. Spencer, "We are still living in a society where dark things are devalued,
and white things are valued." Antonia Darder worked for many years to understand how members of bicultural groups learn to function in both their
primary culture, and that of the dominant, mainstream culture in the society in which they live. This includes cultural conflicts, racism, and other
forms of cultural invasion (p. 48). In order to ease the tension caused by conflicting

Essay about Discrimination Against the Deaf Culture
The deaf community does not see their hearing impairment as a disability but as a culture which includes a history of discrimination, racial prejudice,
and segregation. According to an online transcript,"Through Deaf Eyes" (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc., 2007) there are thirty–five
million Americans that are hard of hearing. Out of the thirty–five million an estimated 300,000 people are completely deaf. There are ninety percent of
deaf people who have hearing parents (Halpern, C., 1996). Also, most deaf parents have hearing children. With this being the exemplification, deaf
people communicate on a more intimate and significant level with hearing people all their lives. "Deaf people can be found in every ethnic group,...
According to an online journal by Carla A. Halpern, in 1817, a Connecticut clergyman named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, opened the first
permanent school for the deaf in Hartford (Halpern, C., 1996). This deaf school was for American children which only had seven students and a
head teacher by the name of Laurent Clerc. Clec was from the Paris Institution for the Deaf and had been deaf since infancy. He bought to the United
States a nonverbal form of communication known as French sign language (Halpern, C., 1996). The technique that Clerc taught was by the use of his
hands, which he communicated with French sign language, blended with a bit of signs used by students in the United States. To Gallaudet the
language was a inspiration which he called it, "Highly poetical" (Weta and Florentine films/Hott productions Inc., 2007), but to Clerc and many of
the deaf people, the using of sign was natural and useful. This was a result of a created acculturated nonverbal language known as American Sign
Language (ASL). As new schools for the deaf spread west and south, American sign language also evolved as well in the states of New York,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois. By the year of 1864, Abraham Lincoln signed a law constituting the first college
in the world for deaf students called Gallaudet University and all these schools used sign as a curriculum (Weta and Florentine

Essay on Communication for the Deaf: Oralism and Manaulism
Imagine trying to learn a new language, making the correct tongue movements, controlling the airflow through your mouth, and voicing the correct
sound and tone. Now imagine doing this while not knowing what the word you are saying sounds like. This is what many deaf and hard of hearing
people must do to learn how to speak. The technique of teaching deaf people how to speak and read lips is referred to as oralism. It is a hard and
laborious method and in the past often had extreme measures, that were border line abusive, put in place to try and ensure success. Manaulism is when
a deaf person uses sign language as their primary from of communication. Learning to communicate using sign language is much more easier on a deaf
or hard... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
North Carolina State University's Disability Services Office has an excellent description for hearing disabilities:
Deafness generally refers to a physical condition manifested by a lack of sensitivity to sound. Legally, deafness is defined by levels of hearing loss
whose severity is measured by the degree of loudness (or decibels) a sound must attain before it is heard by an individual. Mild deafness ranges from
10 dB to 30 dB, moderate deafness ranges from 30 dB to 60 dB, severe deafness ranges from 60 dB to 90 dB, and profound (or total) deafness ranges
from 90 dB to 120 dB or more. Both severe and moderate deafness are commonly referred to as partial deafness, while mild deafness is usually referred
to as hard of hearing. (1)
To put this in to context, the sound of breathing registers at about 10 decibels, a whisper is 20 decibels, typical conversation is around 40–50 decibels,
your kitchen sink's garbage disposal is 80 decibels, a motorcycle registers at about 100 decibels, and a live rock concert is about 120 decibels. For a
person with profound hearing loss a rock concert to them is as loud as a whisper is for a normal hearing person. To hear at this level and attempt to
learn speech is not an easy task. It is time consuming, stressful, and exhausting. A deaf person can not hear what they say, what they sound like, or
even how loud they are

The Deaf President Now Movement And Gallaudet University...
Introduction:
The Deaf President Now movement and Gallaudet University protest did not only achieve its aims, this revolution brought unity to the Deaf
Community and awareness to the general public. This revolution grew into a civil rights movement, consequently enacting legislation, the Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990 and The Telecommunications Accessibility Enhancement Act of 1988, to benefit deaf and hard of hearing citizens as
well as many other disabled Americans. The events of February and March 1988 are still a great source of pride and enlightenment that are still
nostalgically looked back on by this generation of deaf citizens. The Deaf community can be described as being a relatively private community,
consisting of many people with various ranges of hearing loss. Like any culture, the deaf have their own community, culture, language, and essentially a
separate world from the hearing majority. However, it has only been in the last few decades that there has been awareness and acceptance of this
culture, nevertheless there is not full acceptance and understanding of this community and deafness in general. Prior to this revelation, deaf people had
been oppressed and ostracised throughout history. Dating back to Ancient Greece, deaf people were seen as a subordinate minority. Aristotle theorised
that people could only learn through spoken language, therefore deaf people were seen as being unable to learn and were not given an education. This
was a common

Popular Science: Victorian Deafness
Sierra Paul
ENG–112
Popular Science
Due Feb 11
According to Inlet hearing and center, Hearing loss is a common problem caused by noise, aging, disease, and heredity. Hearing is a complex sense
involving both the ear's ability to detect sounds and the brain's ability to interpret those sounds. Approximately 36 million American adult have some
degree or form of hearing loss.
Victorian Deafness explained the pivotal role that deaf people played in their culture which is the Victorian Culture. Story took places in the Victorian
culture in the 1830s & 1900s.The article was for our understanding on how language written and was spoken in the ear politically and socially. In the
first chapter Esmails arise the issues in the interchange between deaf, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hearing is how we communicate with people. So, losing your hearing can bring your self–esteem down for some people. Overcoming Deafness: The
Story of Hearing and Language tells a story about medicine and science about the challenges with the deafness. It also covers the hearing diseases
and the treatments process of Ellis Douek(Writer) career. One thing I really enjoyed when reading his story that he was so dedicated to his story and
what he experiences when having hearing loss. I would recommend this book for anyone who is or has experience hearing loss. It goes is depth about
the languages medicines and mention professionals in heating science which was a big plus for

Access To Sign Language
Access to a language and the ability to communicate with other people is one of the most under appreciated tools used in day–to–day life. The
majority of the hearing society has complete access to their native language because the majority of the world is hearing. However, a large number of
deaf children are born into hearing families, which in many cases can lead to isolation from Deaf signers (Padden). In first world countries, it is
fairly easy to learn a signed language and get connected to a Deaf community. However, many deaf citizens of third world countries don't have access
to a signed language, or the necessary education to live an interactive life. This is a problem I would like to solve. The reason language is so important is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first I simply enjoyed learning a secret language that my friends and I could use in school. It wasn't until I recently, when I took a college ASL
class that I started having an interest for the deaf people and the Deaf community. The more I researched and got involved, the more I saw the
need. I have been told numerous of times by many individuals that the first step to solving a problem is realizing that there is a problem, and then
taking a step to make a difference. There are many different ways to solve this problem over time. I know that not everyone is able to fly over to
third world countries and start Deaf schools or establish Deaf communities. However, I hope that one day I will be able to do that, but for now I can
study the culture and learn more about the language, as well as to help educate those around me about the Deaf community. Another way I could get
involved is sponsor children in different countries that are deaf and help support them financially giving them a chance to get an education through
organizations such as compassion international or world vision. I could also try to find out if they know a signed language and try to send them
worksheets and materials from America that could help them start

Through Deaf Eyes Review Essay
In "Through Deaf Eyes" you will find a range of perspective on the question what is deafness? This film is a balanced presentation of deaf
experience. I believe that the film does a good job of revealing the struggles and triumphs of deaf people in society throughout history. The
documentary covers a span of close to 200 years of deaf life in the United States. You will see experiences among deaf people in education, family
life, work, and social activities. Sign language is language that uses visual hand patterns to convey a meaning without using any vocal. It truly is a
superb way of communication, although it was not always accepted in society. Wherever communities of deaf people exist, sign language develops.
There was no... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I wasn't expecting that. After viewing the movie I understand better now why even if some deaf people can use their voices, they don't because it
seems like it would lead to a one–way conversation. Although the hearing person would understand what the deaf person was conveying, the deaf
person would not be able to understand the hearing person without lip reading or using sign language. I laughed at the part of the movie where the
deaf comedian was talking about an incident that he had while driving a car. A man was aggressively driving and beeping at the deaf man driving
his car. When this man passed the deaf man, he said, "What are you deaf?" The deaf man who spoke and signed telling the story said he drove up
to him and said, "Yes, I am deaf!" Although I laughed, it is offensive to the deaf individuals using the word deaf in such a negative way. People who
are hard of hearing are people and should be esteemed as such. Deaf people living in a hearing world have certainly made their mark in the hearing
community. Deaf people can do anything that hearing people can do. The band shown in the film called "Beethoven's Nightmare "caused quite a stir
in our class. I think that we were simply amazed that deaf musicians could play so well. By showing the audience this experience, it provides hearing
viewers with the knowledge that this type of event does occur within the deaf community and that the deaf can appreciate

Alexander Graham Bell And The Deaf People
Just as hearing people have their own culture, so do deaf people. Marriage is pretty normal for deaf people who marry other deaf people. They
would have the same challenges hearing people would have in any relationship. According to Gallaudet University's Biology Department, at least
85% of deaf people, marry another deaf person ("Marriages among the Deaf"). However, back in the late 1800's, this was greatly discouraged,
especially by a man named Alexander Graham Bell. He is most well–known for the invention of the telephone. However, most people do not know the
story behind it. His mother and wife were both born deaf. This led his interest into speech and hearing and encouraged experimentation with hearing
devices. He then started to teach deaf people how to speak orally through a universal alphabet invented by his father called "Visible Speech". He was
one of the leaders of the oralism movement in the deaf community. His goal was to ban sign language and remove it from existence. He believes that if
an individual was in America, they should only speak English and participate only in American culture. Therefore, it worried him when he noticed that
deaf people had been forming such a tight–knit group with their own language, clubs, social events, and through marriage. He wanted to outlaw it all
("Signing, Alexander Graham Bell and the NAD").
Bell was also very interest in heredity. He viewed being deaf as a major defect and wanted to correct it through oralism and not

Are Cochlear Implants Necessary?
Majority of the world that we live in, people are constantly reminded what is normal by society. The world is run by big businesses and corporation
that are usually visually dominant, however without hearing it is viewed as a major disadvantage to the hearing world. Kent State University
compiled an accurate definition of the deaf community " those [of] deaf and hard of hearing individuals who share a common language, common
experience and values, and a common way of interacting with each other, and with hearing people." The deaf community is viewed by the hearing
world as an official handicap since they deviate from what is considered normal. Many of the deaf communities have enforced the young and informed
the parents to avoid getting... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Or even a deaf person that is able to hear voices, pick out music notes with hearing aids. They usually will recommend cochlear implants for the
profoundly death. However from the HLAA (Hearing Loss Association of America) discussed that "About one–fourth of the overall range of outcome
can be explained based on the length of deafness and about one–sixth of depends on the word understanding capabilities prior to implantation. Other
patient, ear and device variables demonstrated no significant correlations with the benefit achieved with respect to speech recognition." Meaning
cochlear implants are still an unperfected machinery to help all deaf humans.
Some of Bowen's friends from the deaf community still refuses to receive the surgical implant because they fear how their deaf family and community
would feel about them receiving. Chris, one of Bowen's friends stated " The reason why we still haven't gotten the implant is because the deaf culture is
where we belong with our own sets of social beliefs, language, customs, and even history. The hearing world views deafness as an impairment,
however the deaf community learned how to encourage and embrace deafness as something more." The way I saw it, the hearing world saw it has a
disease, imperfection that needs to be cured, but with the cure at hand it can lead to a complete ethnocide. I sat down with Bowen and we started
debating whether it was the right choice to receive the

Ethnic Minorities in America Essay
Ethnic Minorities in America
In the United States the term "minority" often infers membership within an ethnic or cultural minority group. However, this term also encompasses
other groups that lack equality, such as women, homosexuals and people with disabilities. By definition, the hearing majority classifies Deaf people as
minorities because of their inability to hear. Yet linguists and social scientists argue that the basis of Deaf people's status as aminority group is not one
of disability, but as a cultural and linguistic minority (Lane, Hoffmeister and Bahan: 1996: 335–6). In order to assert that Deaf people are a linguistic
and cultural minority in America the characteristics of a minority group must first be defined. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Humphrey and Alcorn, 1995: 85)
Unequal treatment and the lack of power are phenomena Deaf people have endured throughout time because of their inability to hear. Historically
hearing people viewed deafness as a defect of the mind and body and they did not afford the Deaf the right to an education, own property or sign
contracts.
Deaf people have long been subjugated by hearing people in all areas of life. The most blatant act of audism occurred in the education of Deaf
children. From 1880 until today hearing people have dictated that the method of education utilized should be one that enables the Deaf to more readily
assimilate into the mainstream society. In order to achieve this goal, Deaf children were forced to wear auditory trainers (machines that supposedly
allowed them to listen to teachers' voices) and were slapped with rulers if they attempted to sign or gesture out of frustration. (Graybill video) The
focus of Deaf education was not about teaching Deaf children material appropriate to grade level but altering behavior and improving speech ability.
Even with such an antagonistic environment the Deaf were forced into obtaining an education – but for what means? Until 1880 many Deaf people
worked as teachers of the Deaf, but after the Milan Conference of 1880, which decreed that all instruction of Deaf be done through spoken language,
Deaf teachers were terminated and forced into menial labor. Even with the increased

Deaf Community Definition of "d/Deaf"
The phrases deaf–mute, deaf and dumb are outdated and no longer acceptable. The majority of deaf individuals have the ability to speak, but choose
not to use their voices. It is difficult for them to learn speech when they cannot hear sound, and they simply feel uncomfortable speaking. When we
define "deaf", the parameters of the definition should be determined. The audiological definition can be used –– that is, one that focuses on the cause
and severity of the hearing loss and whether or not hearing can be used for communication purposes. Generally, the term "deaf" refers to those who
are unable to hear well enough to rely on their hearing and use it as a means of processing information. Or a cultural definition may be used, as Carol...
However, because the majority of deaf children are born to hearing parents, the passing on or transmission of Deaf culture is not familial but from
contact with other deaf people in the community. Because about 90% of Deaf people are born to hearing parents, they absorb their culture from their
peers, not their families. Most Deaf children who attend residential schools for the deaf pick up ASL from their classmates (usually from the few
classmates who are born to Deaf parents). Because of this source of cultural identity, one of the first questions Deaf people ask upon meeting each
other is where they went to school and who their teachers were. In this way, the Deaf community can become very close–knit, as each member
becomes familiar with residential schools in various regions of the country. Deaf culture also places a great deal of emphasis on physical contact.
Hugging is far more common than shaking hands, especially when parting. Deaf good–byes are unusually drawn out and even in passing not taking
time to chat for a few minutes is considered rude. The Deaf community easily becomes a second family to many people whose own families are
hearing. Deaf churches also play a similar extended family role in the community, even for non–religious or non–Christian people. Often, Sunday is the
only time that a person might have to escape from the working world (perhaps in an office with hearing people, where the language barrier is

Deaf Americans: Community and Culture
An average of 90% of all babies born deaf or with some type of hearing loss are born to hearing parents. Deafness can be caused by a variety of things
both genetic and environmental. Upon learning their child is deaf, most hearing families try to find ways to fix what they feel is a defect. However,
deaf families rejoice in their child's deafness because now they have another person to strengthen the deaf community and carry on the American Deaf
culture.
There are approximately 35 million people in the United States who are considered deaf or hard of hearing (Culture and Empowerment in the Deaf
Community). The majority of these deaf people struggle in the hearing world until they can find a connection to their deafness. They constantly ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In hearing, it shows support for the deaf without the desire to "help" the deaf, but rather to empower them to do things for and by themselves.
The majority of deaf people do not see themselves as disabled, as hearing people are likely to. Rather, deaf people embrace their deafness as an
integral part of who they are. The increasing use of hearing aids and cochlear implants are a concern to the deaf because it continually focuses on
seeing deafness as a negative.
It should be noted not all deaf agree with the values of the Deaf culture. These deaf are often referred to as "Heafies". Heafies is a derogatory name
given to a deaf person who sees deaf people as inferior to hearing people and aligns himself with hearing values rather than the deaf values. These deaf
individuals are not part of the community or culture and often choose to communicate through various techniques using English word order or oral
communication.
The use of ASL is extremely important to the deaf community and to Deaf culture. Although fluency is always desired, the willingness to learn and
communicate in ASL goes a long way in being accepted. A skilled signer who does not have the right attitude will be seen in a less appealing light
than a struggling signer with a true heart for the deaf.
Another interesting difference in the Deaf culture is the collectivist ideology. Deaf people, as a whole, are

ASL102 Deaf in America Book Report Essay
Manae Makino
Jason Kulchinsky
ASL 102A Principles of American Sign Language Level 2
31 October 2012
Deaf in America Book Report In this book, Deaf in America, by Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, the two authors wrote stories, jokes, performances,
and experiences of Deaf people. They also wrote Deaf culture and Deaf people's lives from various angles. This book is great navigator of Deaf world
for hearing people and even Deaf people as me. There are several factors attracting reader. To begin with, I could learn about backgrounds of deaf
people and hearing people. Authors wrote about a Deaf boy who was born into a deaf family. Until he discovered that a girl playmate in neighborhood
was "hearing", he didn't notice about "Others". Authors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its grammar has particular rules too. I should appeal this point to my Japanese hearing friends for understanding to visible communication. Nowadays it
becomes serious to decrease number of schools for Deaf in Japan. I would like to keep Sign Language developed by Deaf people for next Deaf
generation. Also, how to label ourselves is one of factors. I thought that "disabled" include Deaf people because of needs support such as
interpreter and captioning. But they wrote, ""disabled" describes those who are blind or physically handicapped, not Deaf people" (Chapter 3). This
sentence made me so surprising. Authors explained that we have culture, history, art, and language. I had accepted myself as a "disabled", but I have
begun to change my mind. I have learned "Deaf can do anything" in here the U.S. And Deaf history shows success of Deaf people. Last factor is the
meaning of sound. Many hearing people believe that Deaf people are ignorant about sound. Authors wrote "They are mistakenly assuming that Deaf
people have no concept of sound" (Chapter 7). Many individuals, of course, are exceptions to these cases. Some Deaf people can understand music
with hearing aids, and others can feel sound by vibration. Consequently, Deaf people have the complex, deep, but beautiful culture. I respect these
authors writing a lot of things about us. I wish hearing people understand about not only Sign Language but also Deaf culture more and more by
reading this

What Did You Learn About Deaf Culture?
Taking American Sign Language this semester has taught me a wide variety of things. It has taught me about the deaf culture, signing, using facial
expressions, and has enhanced my knowledge of ASL as well as the deaf culture. Overall, I am extremely grateful to have been able to experience a
different culture, such as ASL, this semester.
What did you learn about deaf culture? This semester I have learned a lot about deaf culture. I learned that deaf people do not want to be pitied
because they are deaf, they like to live their lives to the fullest extent as possible. People in the deaf culture do everything that people in the hearing
culture do, sometimes the way they do it slightly differs. Such as everyday ways of life, things as simple as listening to music, having conversations,
and watching TV. Instead of being able to hear the music, they are able to feel the beat and vibrations made by the music. They have conversations
by signing and making facial expressions, instead of using words; and the same with watching TV, instead of listening to the TV they read captions or
sometimes even read is. The same things we do, as a hearing person, they just do it differently. I also found it interesting that people in the deaf culture
are a lot more direct and friendly, than people in the hearing culture.
What signs did you learn?
I also learned a lot of signs this semester, considering I did not know anything about ASL before I started this class. My favorite sections that

Heather Whitestone Research Paper
Maybelle de Herget ASL per 4 Boyle Heather Whitestone Quote/intro: "As a profoundly deaf woman, my experiences have shown me that the
impossible is indeed possible!" Heather Whitestone won miss America in 1995 by dancing ballet en Pointe to "Via Dolorosa" (Street of Sorrows).
"Despite her deafness, she pursued her dreams, and even made history as the first Miss America with a disability." signingsavvy.com Growing up
/little background info: Heather was born hearing in the year 1973 and not short of ten months later went deaf from a high fever. She was left
completely deaf in one ear and only 5% hearing in the other. Fevers can cause deafness by burning the hair receptors in the inner ear. When those
receptors get burnt your ear no longer... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
program: During Heathers year as Miss America she introduced something called S.T.A.R.S. program: "Success Through Action and Realization of
your Dreams." It has five points which consists of having: positive attitude, belief in a dream, the willingness to work hard, facing obstacles, and
building a strong support team. "She traveled to every corner of the country speaking to corporations, non–profit organizations, churches and
government, including the FBI and CIA."–https://www.signingsavvy.com/blog/158
/Living+Loud%3A+Heather+Whitestone–+First+Deaf+Miss+America. Heather also served as an executive member on the President's committee on
Employment of People Disabilities. Not only did Heather create the S.T.A.R.S program, serve on the President's committee and do much more but
she also wrote four books: Listening with My Heart, Believing the Promise, Let God Surprise You, and Heavenly Crowns. These books not only
helped Heather explain her life story but helped her go through hard obstacles she faced as a Deaf woman in

Deaf Culture And Interpreters History
American Deaf Culture and Interpreters History Deaf culture in is one of America's many sub–cultures, which means that it is a culture imbedded into
the overall culture of the nation. What is unique about the deaf culture is that at times it is a sub–culture of a sub–culture, of a culture, for example the
deaf community in Colorado is a sub–culture of Colorado's culture, and Colorado culture is a sub–culture of the American culture. It can get even more
complicated than even that, because say there is an African Americandeaf culture in the deaf community that adds another deaf culture. It is also
unique and set apart from other cultures because of the language barrier between the deaf community and the hearing community. Deaf culture has
only recently been accepted by the general public, as well as they have not always had access to an interpreter. Deaf culture has changed drastically
since before the 1960's.
In today's society deaf culture is not considered to be a population of animal like humans, but that was not the case before the 1960's. In the past
people who were deaf did not live normal lives, they were in a way the outcasts. If you were born deaf before the 1960's there were not many options
for the deaf, often times they were looked down upon and thought of as glorified animals. Because they were viewed as animals they were not
accepted into the mainstream schools, even though there were a few institutes for the deaf, a lot of times families could not afford

Deafness and the Power of Signing Essay examples
Deafness and the Power of Signing
When the deaf Miss America spoke to a crowd of thousands about overcoming her handicap, deaf people across America were disgusted. Deafness is
not a handicap, I have been told again and again. It is a cultural identity, a way of life, a choice, even (some hard–of hearing people speak of the time
when they had to decide, deaf or hearing), but never a handicap, never something to be overcome. The sign for people like Miss America is the sign for
hearing, with the forefinger circling up by the forehead instead of down by the mouth. She thinks she's hearing, is what it means. There is also a sign
for the reverse: some hearing people get so involved in the deaf community that they think they are deaf, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of these elements is a heightened appreciation for the margins, for the periphery.
Symmetry
According to Ronnie Wilbur of Boston University, a strict Symmetry Condition exists for signs where both hands move, they must have the same
handshapes and both hands' movements must be either identical or in polar opposition to one another (1). Some symmetrical signs: family, group class
place, love, community. The deaf community is not a mirror image of the hearing world; ASL is not "English with the sound off."
Bring the fingertips of your right hand together. Touch the fingertips to your chin near your mouth, then up further to the right, by your ear. Home
is significant for so many deaf people, for the ones who grew up in a hearing world, missing whole conversations, falling behind in school, acting as
hearing as they could. One deaf teacher told me she was sure, as a child, that when she turned eighteen she would become hearing: she didn't know
any deaf adults, so she just assumed they didn't exist. She didn't know what sign language was. When she turned eighteen and was still deaf, she
decided to go to Gallaudet, the only deaf liberal arts college in the country. She said she couldn't really explain it to me, I wouldn't really know, but
she felt like she was finally home had finally found

Seeing Voices : A Journey Into The World Of The Deaf
The Book I decided to read is called "Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf". In this book the author Oliver Sacks basically focuses on
Deaf history and the community of the deaf developed toward linguistic self–sufficiency. Sacks is a Professor of Neurology at Albert Einstein College
of Medicine. He became interested in the problem of how deaf children acquire language after reviewing a book by Harlan Lane. The book was
titled "When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf". This book was first published in 1984 and was published again in 1989. Before reading
Harlan's book Sacks did not know any sign language. The book encouraged him to begin studying sign language. Sacks became extremely interested on
how the deaf learn to communicate with the ability of sound being nonexistent. He wanted to know what this process may tell us about the nature of
language. Seeing Voices is made up of three chapters, the history of the deaf, a discussion of language and the brain, and an evaluation of the problems
behind the student strike that occurred at Gallaudet University, in March of 1988.
By Sacks being a neurologist, he has always been interested in the ways in which humans recoup from the loss of a perceptual ability. Sacks is quite
enthusiastic about the unique expressive possibility of American Sign Language because of the use of visual space as the expressive mean. He is also
interested in what the study of the deaf may reveal about the human magnitude for language,

The Characteristics Of Deaf People In The Deaf Community
1.How does the author prepare the reader in the introduction, to get an idea or expectation on what the book will be about?
The goal that is expressed in the introduction is that his book is writing about deaf people in a new life. This book goes beyond the physical
condition of not being able to hear and that being deaf is an illness, they highlight how there is so much more interesting aspects to a deaf person then
many people may understand. The way we can truly understand a person is threw them using sign language. Sign language helps to "portray the life
they live, threw their art and performances, their everyday talk, shared myths and the many lessons they can teach one another" (Humphries, Padden ,1).
Within the introduction the author expresses the importance of educating deaf children threw education and special training that they require and have
they had the right to have available to them. The author explains the high importance sign language plays and the advantages it gives them insight,
intervention into the deaf community. ASL, or sign language is essential within in this deaf community. Sign language is a creation of the deaf
community's history and it allows them to fulfill their protentional intertwined with all different types of cultures that sign language is built on.
2.What is the significance when the author writes about what one might expect of the characteristics of a deaf person from a hearing person?
"It's the bounded distinction between the

Teachers Options Essay
Teachers Options
There are many options open to teachers of deaf children in a variety of situations. In teaching deaf and hard of hearing children there is such a wide
range of children, each with their own abilities. Each child also has a different family situation to take into account. Some children come from deaf
families, some they are the only deaf family member, and some have no support from their families because they are deaf. There are also students that
have family members that make an effort to learn how to best communicate with them, while some do only what they must to communicate the needed
information. Along with this is the severity of each child's hearing loss. Some suffer from only slight amount of hearing loss ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Teaching with Sign Language
The most common educational teaching method for the deaf is to use a combination of both American Sign Language (ASL) and English in the
classroom. The signing of the English language is called Pidgen Sign Language (PSL) or Signed Exact English (SEE). ASL is the accepted language
of the deaf in America and the preferred method of communication for the majority of the deaf culture. It is a language of concepts instead of actual
forming of sentences and has no relation to English. ASL has a "topic–comment syntax, while English uses subject– object– verb" (Nakamura, 2002).
In this format, they are able to understand each other best, but this can also cause problems for education. The downside to ASL is that there is no
use of sentence structure, so this is where a combination of ASL with English comes in the education picture. This system of bilingual teaching
(Mason, 1995) with ASL and SEE teaches the children English, the language of the United States, but by using many of the signs of ASL. The
students are taught with the signs and concepts of ASL but in areas like reading and writing, SEE and the grammar rules of English are learned and
applied. Some teachers, when in a classroom like this, also use some aspect of voice along with ASL and SEE because many students have hearing
aids or cochlear implants, surgically implanted forms of hearing assistance, and teachings of

Sign Language Is A Complex System Of Communication
There is not movement that does not speak both a language intelligible without instructions (Mirzoeff 16). Sign Language is a complex system of
communication; a language which uses visual gestures and signs made by one's hands blended with the use of facial expressions, body positions, and
other gestures. Sign Language has played a signiп¬Ѓcant role in deaf and hard of hearing culture and is the major communication alternative for those
whom are deaf or hard of hearing with a beautiful history of origin. Beings who were deaf did not have a voice to communicate with, but when Sign
Language was created it gave said individuals a symbolic voice. Sign language started a new culture for the deaf and brought deaf people around the
world together. Sign language is seen as an authentic language therefore, there are many different variations of the language in each country such as
American Sign Language (ASL), French Sign Language (LSF), Spanish Sign Language (LSE), and many others. With all those different variations of
sign language there are also some that sign differently, for example, Australian sign language uses the two handed alphabet method, while American
Sign Language (ASL) uses the one handed alphabet method ("Auslan"). There are over 300 sign languages in use all over the world and there is no
single form of sign language that is universal because each variation is unique to its specific region as any other language. Sign language is a
remarkable form of communication and

Deaf In America Essay

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Deaf In America Essay