SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

3. • ATTENDANCE
• GRADING SYSTEM
• 3 KUPs
• RECITATION / CLASS PARTICIPATION- 25%
• VIDEO PRESENTATION- - 25%
• DEMONSTRATION OF COMPETENCE.- 25%
• EXAM _-25%_
• 100%

4. CHAPTER 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
• LESSON 1: INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED SOCIETY
•
• LEARNING OBJECTIVES (LOs)
• 1. Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history;
• 2. Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society
and the environment;
• 3. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud
contributed to the spark of scientific revolution;
• 4. Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like
in Latin America, East Asia, Middle East, and Africa.

5. INTRODUCTION:
• This lesson will give light to the development of science and the scientific ideas in
the heart of the society. It is the goal of this lesson to articulate ways by which society
is transformed by science and technology.
Scientific Revolution
• There is no individual that can exactly identify when and where science began. From
the genesis of time, science has existed. It is always interwoven with the society.
• This is the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of
Mathematics, Physics, astronomy, Biology and Chemistry transformed the views of
society about nature.
• It explained the emergence or birth of modern science as a results of these
developments from the disciplined mentioned.

6. We can define science in four ways. Science as an/a…
1. Idea- fig 1.
Science includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic
explanations and observations about the natural and
physical world.
2. Intellectual Activity- It
encompasses a systematic and practical study of the
natural and physical world. This kind of study involves
systematic observation and experimentation. (see fig 1)
3. Body of Knowledge-
It is a subject or a discipline, a field of study, or a body of
Knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the
natural and physical world. This is called school science.

7. 4. Personal and Social activities-
• Science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better
understanding of the world. Means to improve, survive in life. It is interwoven with
people’s lives.
• The idea of scientific revolution is claimed to have
started in the early 16th century up to 18th century
in Europe.
Why in Europe?
• The probable answer is because the invention of printing
machine and the blooming intellectual activities done in
various places of learning, and the growing number of
scholars in various fields of human interests is said to have
been observe to grow fast in Europe. This doesn’t however
mean that science Is a foreign idea transported from other
areas of the globe.

8. • The ideas generated during this period enabled the people to reflect, rethink, and
reexamine their beliefs and their way of life
• Scientific Revolution- was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life
in science but it was also a deeply trying moment for some scientific individuals
that led to their death and others were condemned from their religious
institutions who tried to preserve their faith, religion and theological views.
• Scientific revolution is very important in the development of human beings,
transformation of the society and in the formulation of the scientific ideas. It
significantly improve the conduct of scientific investigations, experiments, and
observations.
• Scientific revolution also led to:
• -creation of new research fields in science and prompted the establishment of a
strong foundation for modern science.
• -transformation of the natural world and the world of ideas.

9. SCIENCE
IDEAS
SOCIETY
HUMANS
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTIONS
Figure 3. Influences to Scientific Revolution

10. Some Intellectuals and their Revolutionary Ideas
• Understanding what exactly happened during the scientific revolution, it is
important to examine the different individuals whose ideas have shaken
and contested the dominant theories and ideas during this period - - the
truth of their time.
• Scientists in all periods of time are driven by their curiosity, critical
thinking, and creativity to explore the physical and natural world.
• Scientists love for science is driven by their deep passion to know and to
discover.
• Fig 4 shows the variables that influence the development of science ideas,
science discoveries, and technology

11. SCIENCE
IDEAS
SCIENCE
DISCOVERIES
TECHNOLOGY
SCIENTISTS
Passion to
know
Passion to
discover
Creativity
Curiosity
Critical Thinking
Figure 4. Variables that Influences the Development of Science Ideas, Science Discoveries,
and Technology

12. NOTABLE SCIENTISTS
It is important to note these men, particularly through their ideas,
had shaken the world

13. Nicolaus Copernicus
• He was a Renaissance
polymath.
• active as a
mathematician.
• A astronomer.
• A Catholic canon.
• He formulated a model of
the universe that placed
the Sun rather than Earth
at its center.

14. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer known as the father of modern
astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to propose that Earth
and other planets revolve around the sun, or the Heliocentric Theory of the
universe
Fig. 5 Ptolemy's geocentric model of the
universe
(not to scale)
Fig 6. Copernicus's heliocentric model
(not to scale)

15. TLA1.1: THINK ABOUT THESE. WRITE YOUR ANSWER TO EACH OF
THESE QUESTIONS AND DROP IT @ FILES/SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION ( Due: 09.10.21)
• ANSWERS MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 100 WORDS FOR EACH OF
THE QUESTION ASKED.
• 1. What was the contribution of Copernicus in the Philosophy of Science?
• 2. Do you think thought experiment is still useful in scienc in the present
time?
• 3. Do you think the church will intervene in scientific activities?

16. Charles Darwin
• Charles Robert Darwin.
• He was an English naturalist,
geologist and biologist, best known
for his contributions to the
science of evolution.
• His proposition that all species of life
have descended from common
ancestors is now widely accepted
and considered a fundamental
concept in science.

17. TLA1.2: THINK ABOUT THESE. WRITE YOUR ANSWER TO EACH OF THESE
QUESTIONS AND DROP IT @ FILES/SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (
(Due: 09.13.21)
ANSWERS MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 100 WORDS FOR EACH OF
THE QUESTION ASKED.
1. What was Darwin’s contribution to modern science?
2. How can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in
modern times?
> Economy
> Agriculture
> Political Science
> Religion

18. Sigmund Freud
• He was an Austrian neurologist.
• He is the founder of
psychoanalysis
• , a clinical method for treating
psychopathology through
dialogue between a patient and
a psychoanalyst.
• Freud was born to Galician
Jewish parents in the Moravian
town of Freiberg, in the Austrian
Empire.

19. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of personality

20. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES

21. TLA1.3: THINK ABOUT THESE. WRITE YOUR ANSWER TO EACH OF
THESE QUESTIONS AND DROP IT @ FILES/SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
(Due: 09.13.21)
• ANSWERS MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 100 WORDS FOR EACH OF
THE QUESTION ASKED.
• 1. By looking for other sources and literatures, what were the other
controversies of Freud’s ideas?
• 2. How can you describe Freudian ideas as a scientist?
• 3. If Freud is still alive, what do you think are the major changes he would
make to his theory?
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki4n5F1In2o
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality

22. CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

23. Development of Science in Mesoameria
It includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border
of South America.

24. MAYAN CIVILIZATION
• Mayan Civilization lasted
for approximately 2000
years.
• They incorporated their
advance understanding of
astronomy into their
temples for example: “El
Castillo pyramid at
Chichen Itza”

25. • Mayan knowledge and understanding about celestial bodies was advance
for their times.
For example: Predicting eclipses and using astrological cycles in
planting and harvesting.
• Mayan is known for measuring time using two complicated calendar systems
for planning activities and observing religious rituals and cultural celebration.
Mayan Calendar
System

26. • Mayans also developed technology for growing different crops and building
elaborate cities using ordinary machineries and tools.
• Mayan built looms for weaving cloth.
Mayan loom

27. • Devised rainbow of glittery paints made from mineral called MICA.
• Mayan Heiroglyphics – writing system of Mayan.
• They are skilled in mathematics.
• Created number system based on the numeral
20.
Mayan
Heiroglyphics

28. INCA CIVILIZATION
• Famous in Mesoamerica.
- Roads paved with stones
- Stone building that
surmounted earthquakes
and other disasters.
- Irrigation system and
technique for storing water
for their crops to grow in all
types of land.

29. • Calendar with 12 months to
mark their religious festivals
and prepare them for
planting season.
Inca irrigation
system
Inca
calendar

30. • The first suspension bridge.
• Quipu, system of knotted ropes to
keep records that only experts can
interpret.

31. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
• Mandatory Education • Chocolates

32. • Antispasmodic medication • Chinampa

33. • Aztec calendar
• Invention of canoe

34. Development of Science in Asia

35. • ASIA
• The biggest continent in the world.
• Considered as the home of many ancient civilization.
• The host of many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all
ages.
INDIA
• A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge
mountains in its northern boarders.
• Known for manufacturing of iron and in metallurgical works.
• Famous in medicine

36. • Indus Valley Civilization
- The people in this civilization
tried to standardize
measurement of length to a
high degree of accuracy and a
designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro
Ruler)
• Aryabhatiya
- Introduced a number of
trigonometric functions, tables,
and techniques as well as
algorithms of algebra.

37. • BRAHMAGUPTA
- Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta
- defined the properties of
the number zero, both as a
placeholder and a
decimal digit
- suggested that gravity was
a force of attraction.

38. Acupuncture- how does it work?

39. • Discovered and invented
compass, papermaking, gunpowder,
printing tools.
• Astronomy – heavenly bodies,
Lunar calendars

40. Development of Science in Middle East Countries
• Dominantly occupied by
Muslims.
• Greater value in science
experiment.

41. Hasan lbn al-Haytham
• An Arab
Mathematician,
astronomer, and
physicist of the
Islamic Golden age.
• Father of Optics.

42. Muhammad ibn Musa al-
Khwarizmi
• Concept of the algorithm in
mathematics
• Algebra from al-jabr (Hisab al-
Jabr wa-al-Muqabala)
• Calendars, calculating true
positions of the sun, moon and
planets, tables of sines and
tangents, spherical astronomy,
astrological tables.

43. Development of Science in Africa

44. • AFRICA
• Blessed with natural and mineral resources
• Science emerged in this area long before the European colonization;
• Early civilizations are knowledge producers in Mathematics and
Science;
• EGYPT
• Egyptian civilization has contributed immensely and made significant
advances in the fields of:
• Astronomy
• Mathematics
• Medicine

45. • Egypt was known to be a center of Alchemy, known as the
medieval forerunner of Chemistry;
• They tried to study human anatomy and Pharmacology, and applied
important component such as examination, diagnosis, treatment
and prognosis for treatment of diseases.
• Metallurgy is also known in the African regions during ancient
times.
• -imported iron technology from near east region that enabled
them to benefit from the developments during the bronze Age until
the Iron age
• -invented metal tools used in their homes, in agriculture, and in
building their architecture.
• Mathematics-prominent in the life of early people in the African
continent.

46. • AFRICAN CONTINENT:
• Center pf alchemy
• Studied human anatomy and pharmacology
• Astronomy
• Mathematics
• Development of geometry
• Metallurgy

47. TLA1.4: THINK ABOUT THESE. WRITE YOUR ANSWER TO EACH OF
THESE QUESTIONS AND DROP IT @ FILES/SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
(Due: )
• ANSWERS MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 100 WORDS FOR EACH OF THE
QUESTION ASKED.
• 1. How did society shape science and how did science shape society?
• 2. How do social and human issues influence science?
• 3. How do the political and cultural landscapes of the society affect the
development of scientific culture, science activities, and science literacy?
• 4.Considering the current state of our society, do you think science
literacy among people has contributed to the growth of our economy?
• 5. How can science influence government policies?

48. ACTIVITY1.1: Make a Creative Presentation
• Presentation date: (5-7min only )
• What to do..
• 1. Form a small group.
• 2. Review the history of science and make a timeline highlighting the
major discoveries and developments in science.
Timeline: Ancient period, Middle age, and modern age.
A. In the world - just consider one continent (no duplication with other
groups
B. In the Philippines