basic one presentation

1. Construction Crane Safety
Draft 12 14 2016

2. July 2016
• Tarrytown NY
• Cuomo said the crane
that collapsed had
been using a vibratory
hammer to drive in
pilings when it "had
an issue" that caused
its boom to fall onto
the existing bridge
nearby.
• Manitowoc MLC 300 Soft spot for the pile?

3. May 2016
• Court of Appeals affirm
Mountain States for a willful
violation of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act's wire
rope inspection standard.
• According to Category II of the
wire rope inspection standard,
a crane must be taken out of
service and repaired if a cable
has “visible broken wires.”
• Citation and assessed a
$60,000 penalty.
• 1926.1413(a)(2)(ii)(A)(1)
• In running wire ropes: Six
randomly distributed broken
wires in one rope lay or three
broken wires in one strand in
one rope lay, where a rope lay
is the length along the rope in
which one strand makes a
complete revolution around the
rope

4. February 2016

5. Aftermath
• "The new rules would require crawler cranes to stop
operating and go into safety mode under two scenarios:
when there is a forecast for steady wind speeds of 20
miles per hour or higher or gusts of at least 30 m.p.h.,
and when actual readings reach those levels.
• Previously, such cranes could operate until measured
wind speeds reached 30 m.p.h. or gusts increased to 40
m.p.h., though individual manufacturers sometimes set
stricter standards.“
• “Mr. Reilly had failed to secure the crane the night before the crash
and lowered the boom of the crane at an improper angle, causing
the crane to become unstable, officials said. “

6. Mar 2016
• Florida
• The crane tipped over, nose
forward, just before 2 p.m.
• A worker on site who
declined to give his name
said it snagged on
something as it drilled into
the ground.
• 130-foot crane.

7. Dec 2015
Plymouth MA Roof crushed

8. Oct 2015
• Atlanta GA

9. July 2015
• A Manhattan jury awarded
almost $50 million in damages
Thursday to the families of two
construction workers who died
in a May 30, 2008 crane
collapse on E. 91 St.
• An email from the Chinese
company, RTR Bearing, to one
of Mr. Lomma’s employees.
• “The email said RTR could not
stand behind the safety of the
bearing, especially a weld
holding it to a spacer ring.
“Honestly speaking, we don’t
have confidence on this
welding,”
Last August, DOB moved to shut him
down for a pattern of safety violations.
Lomma is fighting them.

10. May 2015
• Santa Clara CA

11. April 2015
• Milwaukee
• Officials with the
Wisconsin Department of
Transportation (WisDOT)
said the apparatus that
tipped over is a 25-ton
crane; it’s one of the
smallest pieces of
equipment on the
construction site.
• No Outriggers used

12. April 2015
• Cheshire NY
• A man was killed after a crane
lifting a steel beam hit
electrical wires shocking three
people.
• Deputies say the men were
delivering the beam to a
construction site on Coye
Road using the crane to lift the
beams.
• We're told the crane went too
high and hit the wires.
• Three men outside the crane
were shocked

13. April 2015
• Dallas TX
• “The operator was injured when the crane fell.
• He was ambulatory when the ambulance arrived on the scene,” the
museum said

14. January 2015
• Edwardsville IL
• Justin Jokerst was working on
a large Grove HL150T crane at
a building site at 3951
Lakeview Corporate Drive
about 11 a.m. when he was
crushed by the weight of the
crane's boom, authorities
said.

15. January 2015
• Elm and State,
Chicago
• Working on platform
of tower crane pinned
and died.

16. January 2015
• A man was airlifted Saturday
morning when the construction
crane he was operating in
a Garden State Parkway
construction zone overturned
and fell down an embankment,
ejecting him into water, State
Police said.

17. December 2014
• Elgin IL
• Mechanical engineer Rudolph
Das of Naperville spent nearly
three weeks in intensive care
at Advocate Lutheran General
Hospital in Park Ridge after he
was crushed by a Das was
crushed by a jib, a component
affixed to a crane, Dec. 1
while working on a barge
under the Jane Addams
Tollway bridge over the Fox
River

18. November 2014
• Duke Energy was
attempting to move
the billboard in order
to make way for new
power lines when the
mobile crane
overturned.
• The power lines were
not energized when
the accident
happened and no one
was injured during the
incident.

19. June 2014
• FL
• Moving crane on
unstable dirt
• Boom fell backwards
striking construction
worker

20. May 2014
• Milwaukee
• A crane was lifting about a
half-dozen beams when the
crane tipped over and its arm
landed on top of a car with two
occupants, witnesses said.
• "The crane began to lift the
metal beams straight up, and
the wind caught the beams
and started blowing it east
toward the woman with the
stroller.“
• $15,250 fine
One in black car, two in red car

21. Why?
• Crane accidents
killed an average of
78 people per year
between 2003 and
2005
• OSHA expects the
final standard to
prevent 22 fatalities
and 175 non-fatal
injuries each year.

22. May 2013
WI - Butte des Morts bridge
Lifting 52-ton concrete girder when crane fell into river
One dead, one hurt.

23. Elgin 2012
• Firefighters learned that a
miscalculation had been made
in putting down a track and
supports for the crane.
• A difference of about 6 feet too
close to the river meant the
crane wasn’t on solid ground,
and it broke through the
pavement and leaned slightly
toward the river, with its boom
over the water.

24. Crane Death
• Event Date:
2/22/1990
• 141 E Walton

25. 9
10
11
12
18
1412(d)(1)
1412(e)(3)(i)
1417(c)(1)
1428(a)
1412(f)(1)
Cranes and Derricks in Construction
[1926.1400 – 1442]
25
INSPECTION DOCUMENTED &
MAINTAINED
SHIFT INSPECTIONS BY A COMPETENT PERSON
EQUIPMENT INSPECTION EVERY 12 MONTHS
SIGNAL PERSON QUALIFICATIONS
OPERATION PROCEDURES OF EQUIPMENT
SUBPARTCC

26. Timeline
• Intention to develop the rule in July
2002.
• Used negotiated rulemaking committee
consisting both industry and labor.
• The committee completed its work in
2004.
• Released – July 28, 2010
• Published – August 9, 2010
• Effective – November 8, 2010
• Phased in over four years – August 9,
2014
– Certification of operators phased in until Nov
2017

27. Key Hazards
• Four main causes of worker death and
injury:
• Electrocution, (CHST)
• Crushed by parts of the equipment,
• Struck-by the equipment/load, and
• Falls. (See Subpart M 1926.500-503)

28. Crane or Not Crane?
• Functional description
– Can hoist,
– Lower and
– Horizontally move a
suspended load
• Forklifts configured to hoist
and lower (by means of a
winch OR hook) and
horizontally move a suspended
load are covered
• Backhoes are excluded even if
used like a crane….1926.1400
(c)(2)
Forklift with attached
boom. 1926.1400 (c)(8)
See 1926.1441 if using
equipment with a rated
hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000
pounds or less

29. Crane or Not Crane?
• Functional description
– Can hoist,
– Lower and
– Horizontally move a
suspended load
Spyder Crane with a work
platform

30. 30
Operator Qualifications and
Certifications - 4 Options
• OPTION 1:
Accredited testing
organization
• OPTION 2:
Employer qualification
program
• OPTION 3:
U.S. military
• OPTION 4:
State/local gov’t
license
Many companies requiring
2010 certification in their
jobs.

31. 31
Operator Qualifications and
Certifications (cont’d)
Accredited testing
organization
YES * 5 years
Employer Qualification
Program
NO 5 years
US Military license NO * Set by issuing
entity
State/local license NO *
Valid only
in entity’s
jurisdiction
Set by issuing
entity, not > 5
years
Portable Valid

32. Written Certification Tests
• Administered in any language understood
by the operator candidate.
• Test must cover:
– Controls/performance characteristics
– Calculate capacity (w/ or w/out calculator)
– Preventing power line contact
– Ground support
– Read and locate info in operating manual
– Appendix Q subjects

33. Practical Examination
• Must be well
designed and
sufficiently
comprehensive
• Must have the
demonstrated the
skills and knowledge
needed to operate the
equipment safely.
An operator's ability to handle
unusual worksite conditions, such as
adverse weather or working on
crowded jobsites, are hazards that
are not commonly part of this exam.

34. 34
1926.1408 Power Lines
• Step 1: Identify Work
Zone
– Work Zone = Marking
boundaries OR
– 360 degrees around
crane up to maximum
working radius
– Make the power line
hazard assessment

35. 35
Could you get within 20
feet of power line?
YES NO
Option #1
Deenergize &
Ground
Encroachment
Prevention measures
Option #3
Ask Utility for
Voltage and
Use Table A
(with minimum
clearance distance)
Option #2
20 foot
clearance
No further
action
• Planning meeting
• If tag lines used Non-conductive
• Elevated warning lines, barricade
or line of signs
•PLUS (Choose one):
• Proximity alarm, spotter, warning
device, range limiter, or insulating link

36. 36
Table A – Minimum Clearance Distances
Voltage (nominal, kV,
alternating current)
Minimum clearance
distance (feet)
up to 50 10
over 50 to 200 15
over 200 to 350 20
over 350 to 500 25
over 500 to 750 35
over 750 to 1000 45
over 1000 (as established by the power line
owner/operator or registered
professional engineer who is a
qualified person with respect to
electrical power transmission and
distribution)

37. July 2013
• Loading from Trailer
to roof.
• 80 foot of boom
• Center point of crane
18 feet from lower line
• What needs to be
done?

38. Intentionally Working Closer
Than Table A Zone 1910.1410
• Paragraph (b) requires the employer to consult
with the utility owner/operator before deciding
that it infeasible to deenergize and ground the
lines or relocate them.
• Employer can establish this distance by either
having the utility owner/operator determine
the minimum clearance distance that must be
maintained or by having a registered
professional engineer who is a qualified
person with respect to electrical transmission
and distribution determine the minimum
clearance distance that must be maintained.

39. 39
Must show:
• Staying outside zone
is infeasible
• Infeasible to
deenergize and
ground
Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone
All of the following are required:
1. PL owner – sets minimum approach
distance
2. Planning meeting – procedures
3. Dedicated spotter
4. Elevated warning line or barricade
5. Insulating link/device
6. Non-conductive rigging
7. Range limiter (if equipped)
8. Non-conductive tag line (if used)
9. Barricades - 10 feet from equipment
10. Limit access to essential employees
11. Ground crane
12. Deactivate automatic re-energizer
1926.1410

40. Assembly Disassembly
• Employers must use a qualified rigger for
rigging operations during assembly &
disassembly
• Two options:
– Manufacturer procedures or
– Employer procedures (criteria requirements)

41. 41
Assembly/Disassembly
• A/D supervisor
addresses 12 key
hazards, including:
– Adequate site and
ground conditions
– Sufficient blocking
for load and
stability
– Suitable boom and
jib pick points
– Stability for pin
removal

42. Qualified Rigger
• 1926.1404 (r)
• Meets the criteria for a qualified person
• Possession of a recognized degree,
certificate, or professional standing, or
extensive (rigging) knowledge, training
and experience
• Successfully demonstrated the ability to
solve/resolve problems (relating to rigging)

43. Rigger Should Know
• The Crane Standard
• Rigging Angles
• Weight of Load
• Center of Gravity
• Sling capacities

44. Tower Cranes
• Employers must perform a pre-erection inspection of
tower cranes.
• Extensive requirements under 1926.1435 and other
sections.
• Swing 1 is clockwise in Chicago
• 2015 – seeing signal person weakness on verbal signals
– not giving distance etc.
• Numerous accidents such as Seattle in 85, San
Francisco in 89, Manhattan in 08, Hong Kong in 08, New
York in 06,

45. May 2015
• Shavings under slew
ring
• Call mfr
• Torquing

46. 2008 NY

47. Tower Cranes
Issues?

48. Tower Cranes

49. Ground Conditions
• 1926.1402 (b)
• Ground conditions
must be firm, drained,
and graded
• Use supporting
materials,
• Use equipment
manufacturer's
specifications for
adequate support
Use equipment
manufacturer's specifications
for degree of level of the
equipment

50. Controlling
Entity
• 1926.1402 (c)(3)
• Must ensure that ground preparations are safe
• Must inform the user of the equipment and the
operator of the location of known hazards
beneath the equipment set-up area (such as
voids, tanks, utilities)
• If there is no controlling entity then the
employer that has authority at the site to make
or arrange for ground preparations must do so.

51. Nov 2013
• Water main break at West 124th Street
and South Wentworth Avenue.

52. 52
Signals
• Signal person –
when required:
– Point of operation not
in full view of operator
– View of direction of
travel is obstructed
– Site specific safety
concerns
– 1926.1428 Signal
person qualifications
• Signal Types:
– Hand, voice, audible
or “new”
– Only time an operator
can use a cell phone is
while lifting as part of a
planned procedure

53. 53
Signals (cont’d.)
• Signal person qualifications
3rd party qualified
evaluator
Yes Yes
Employer Qualified
Evaluator
Yes No
Qualified how Documentation Portable

54. 54
• Qualification
Requirements:
– Know & understand signals
– Competent in using signals
– Basic understanding of crane operation
– Verbal or written test + practical test
– Card not is proficiency in signaling
– Ex. Driver license
– Need to do time w professionals
Signals (cont’d.)

55. 55
1926.1412 Inspections
Modified or Repaired/
adjusted
Qualified
Post-assembly Qualified
Shift Competent
Monthly Competent
Annual Qualified
Type of Inspection: Who Inspects:

56. 56
Inspections (cont’d)
• Shift = visual
inspection for
apparent deficiencies
• Monthly =
documented shift
inspection
• Annual =
comprehensive, every
12 months

57. Each Shift Inspection
• 1926.1412 (d)
• Apparent deficiencies
• Control and Drive
mechanisms
• Hydraulics
• Hooks
• Wire Rope
• Electrical
• Ground Conditions
• Levelness of the
crane
• Operator view
• All Safety Devices
• Operational Aids are
working

58. Operators
• 1926.1417
• No cell phones (other
than when used for signal
communications)
• Must not leave the
controls while the load is
suspended, (four
exceptions)
• Must verify that the load
is within the rated
capacity of the
equipment (2 methods)
• Must obey a stop (or
emergency stop) signal,
irrespective of who gives
it.

59. Swing Radius Control
• 1926.1424
• Train each employee
assigned to work on
or near the equipment
• Erect and maintain
control lines, warning
lines, railings or
similar barriers to
mark the boundaries
of the hazard area (1
Exception)

60. Mats

61. Mats

62. Load
Charts

63. Load Moment Indicator
• Load Moment
Indicator tells the
operator the weight
the crane perceives
that is being lifted.
(CHST)
• It can tell length of
boom extended and
angle of the boom.

64. Anti-two Block
• Anti-two block systems prevent events caused by
unintentional contact between the hook block and the
crane sheaves (CHST)

65. Hoisting Personnel
• 1926.1431 has
extensive rules to
follow when lifting
people.
• It must be a last
option.
• Aerial lifts can often
be used in lieu of a
personnel platform.

66. Critical Lift
• 1926.751
• Critical lift means a
lift that (1) exceeds
75 percent of the
rated capacity of
the crane or
derrick, or (2)
requires the use of
more than one
crane or derrick.
Lifting over process vessels should
be a critical lift.

67. Barges
• Will crane tip when
lifting?
• Fall protection
• Prevent crane from
moving off barge
• Engineered safe
capacity on barge.

68. Wind
• Each heavy duty crane may its
own wind load
• It may be as low as 11 mph
• 5:19 pm
• “Mitsubishi, in a letter,
threatened not to pay its bills to
Lampson International if Milo
Bengston wasn't removed from
the Miller Park job site
because of his disagreements
with Grotlisch, Mr. Lampson
said.”
A group of ironworkers had left the
site at noon, refusing to work in
elevated locations in the windy
conditions

69. The Bangs
• “The failure began with a loud
bang as Big Blue’s king pin
bottom end cap assembly
developed radial fractures in
its top hat bushing flange.”
• “ A second bang followed four
seconds later as additional
circumferential fractures
developed in the top hat
bushing.”
• Moments later a third bang
was heard as a 1/2 in. soft
bronze spacer ruptured, a
cloud of dust appears under
Big Blue’s crawler base as
parts of the king pin bottom
end cap assembly were
forcibly ejected downward

70. Two Cranes
• The operation must be
planned by a qualified person.
• The multiple-crane/derrick lift
must be directed by a person
who meets the criteria for both
a competent person and a
qualified person
• The Lift director holds a
meeting with all employees.
• Communications is MUST
between cranes.

71. #1 1926.1412(f)(1)
• Annual Inspections
• At least every 12
months the
equipment must be
inspected by a
qualified person
• (CHST)

72. #2 1926.1428(a)(1)
• Signal Person
Qualifications
• The company has the
signal person
documentation

73. #3 1926.1402(b)
• Ground Conditions
• The equipment must
not be assembled or
used unless ground
conditions are firm,
drained, and graded.

74. #4 1926.1424(a)(2)(ii)
• Swing Radius
Protection
• Erect and maintain
control lines, warning
lines, railings or
similar barriers to
mark the boundaries
of the hazard areas.

75. #5 1926.1408(a)(2)
• Power Line Safety –
Determine if any part of the
equipment, load line or load
(including rigging and lifting
accessories), if operated up to
the equipment's maximum
working radius in the work
zone, could get closer than 20
feet to a power line.

76. #6 1926.1412(e)(1)
• Monthly Inspections –
Each month the
equipment is in
service it must be
inspected

77. #7 1926.1428(a)(3)
• Signal Person Qualification
Documentation – The
employer must make the
documentation for whichever
option is used available at the
site while the signal person is
employed by the employer.

78. #8 1926.1425(c)(3)
• Qualified Rigger –
The materials must
be rigged by a
qualified rigger.
• Never make a square
knot out of wire rope
slings.

79. #9 1926.1425(c)(2)
• Hooks with self-
closing latches or
their equivalent must
be used. Exception:
“J” hooks are
permitted to be used
for setting wooden
trusses.

80. #10 1926.1412(d)(1)
• Shift Inspections
• A competent person
must begin a visual
inspection prior to
each shift the
equipment will be
used (CHST)

81. Tower Cranes

82. Questions?