The document discusses the history of nursing informatics and the impact of technology on the nursing field. It describes 19 technologies that have changed nursing, from electronic IV monitors to video conferencing. It then discusses nursing and computers through four perspectives: 1) Six time periods from the 1960s to present day, 2) How informatics impacts four areas of nursing practice, 3) Important standards initiatives, and 4) Landmark events in the development of nursing informatics. Overall, the document outlines how computer technologies have transformed nursing practice and the nursing field over the past decades.

1. NURSING
INFORMATICS
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

2. Anyone who has been in the nursing field for an extended period of
time will tell you that a lot has changed. In fact, the twentieth century
brought – literally – a technological “invasion” to nursing.
Medical advancements and information technologies of the twentieth
century have not only changed the face of the nursing – they have become
part of the intricate fabric of the field.

3. 19 technologies that changed nursing forever.
1.Electronic IV monitors

4. 2.The Sphygmomanometer

5. 3.Information management

6. 4.The portable defibrillator

7. 5. Sturdy, portable IT devices

8. 6. Readily accessible base of information

9. 7.The sonogram/ultrasound

10. 8.Local wireless telephone networks

11. 9. Hands-free communication devices

12. 10.Communications options

13. 11.Patient remote monitoring
12.RFID technologies
13.Compact, portable medical devices
14. Neo-natal nursing advancements
15.Drug management technologies
16.Configurable nursing environments
17.Learning technologies
18.Video conferencing
19.The blogosphere

14. What will the rest of the twenty-first century bring?

15. Computer
An electronic device that performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic
communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program.
Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by
the computer’s electronics. The program results are stored or routed to output
devices, such as video display monitor or printers. Computers perform a wide
variety of activities reliably, accurately, and quickly.

16. Nursing and the Computer
Historical Perspectives
4 major historical perspectives of nursing and
computers
1. Six Time Periods
2. Four Major Nursing Areas
3. Standard Initiatives
4. Significant Landmark Events

17. I. Six Time Periods
1. Prior to 1960’s
2. 1960’s
3. 1970’s
4. 1980’s
5. 1990’s
6. Post 2000

18. Prior to 1960’s
1950’s
- Computer industry grew
- Nursing also made major changes
- Computers are used by healthcare facilities for basic business functions:
+ Punch cards (A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper
that can be used to contain digital information represented by the
presence or absence of holes in predefined positions)

19. + Card readers (A card reader is a data input device that reads data
from a card-shaped storage medium)
+Sort and prepare data for processing (a series of operations on data,
especially by a computer, to retrieve, transform, or classify information.)

20. +Teletypewriters (A teleprinter (teletypewriter, Teletype or TTY) is
an electromechanical typewriter that can be used to send and receive
typed messages from point to point and point-to-multipoint over various
types of communications channels. )

21. 1960’s
- Use of computers is being questioned
- Nurses station is viewed as the “hub” of
information exchange
- Introduction of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
and online data communication and real
time processing (a high-vacuum tube in
which cathode rays produce a luminous
image on a fluorescent screen, used
chiefly in televisions and computer
terminals.)

23. - Hospital information systems were developed primarily for Billing and
Accounting systems.
- Vendors of computer systems and applications in hospitals started

24. 1970’s
- Nurses began to see the value of computers in the profession
+ documentation of nursing practice
+ quality of patient care
+ repetitive aspects of managing patient care

25. - Computers are perceived as cost-saving technologies
- HIS’s further advanced
- Computer-based MIS in public health developed

26. 1980’s
- Nursing Informatics emerged
- Need of data standards, vocabularies, and classification schemed for
computer based patient record system (CPRS which is an EHR)
identified
- Microcomputer / Personal Computer emerged
+ has brought computing power to workplace, especially the point of
care
+ served as stand alone system (workstation)
User-friendly and allowed nurses to create their own applications

27. - HIS emerged with nursing subsystems
+ Order Entry (like KARDEX)
+ Results reporting
+ Vital signs
+ Narrative nursing notes

28. 1990’s
- Computer technology became an integral part of health care settings,
nursing practice, and the profession.
- Nursing informatics was approved in 1992 by ANA as a new nursing
specialty
- Demand for NI expertise increased greatly

29. - Use of innovative technologies for all levels and types of nursing and
patient education demanded
- Laptops and notebooks were utilized at bedside and all point-of-care
settings

30. - LAN were developed in hospitals
- WAN were developed for linking care across health care facilities
- Internet is widely used and helped information and knowledge
databases to integrated into bedside systems
1995- internet was brought to social milieu
+ E-mail
+ file transfer protocol (upload and download)
- The internet was used to exchange data between CPRS, while the
web became the means to communicate online services and
resources to the nursing community.

31. Post-2000
- Development of wireless point-of-care system with focus on open
source solution
- Clinical Information System (CIS) became individualized in the
electronic Patient Record (EPR) and patient specific systems
considered for lifelong longitudinal record or the HER

32. - Mobile technology advances
+ wireless tablet computers
+ PDA
+ smartphones
+ VOIP (voice over internet protocol)
+ Health smartcards
- Telenursing became popular
+remote monitoring of ICU patient, community patients

33. II. Four Major Nursing Areas
Significance of Nursing Informatics
Nursing Informatics can be applied to all areas of nursing practice, which
include; clinical practice, administration, education, and research.
Below are some examples of how nursing informatics, information technology and computers,
are used to support various areas of nursing practice.

34. 1. Nursing Clinical Practice (Point-of-Care Systems and Clinical
Information Systems)
 Work lists to remind staff of planned nursing interventions
 Computer generated client documentation
 Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Computer-Based Patient
Record (CPR)

35. 2. Nursing Administration (Health Care Information Systems)
 Automated staff scheduling
 E-mail for improved communication

36. 3. Nursing Education
 Computerized record-keeping
 Computerized-assisted instruction
 Interactive video technology

37. 4. Nursing Research
 Computerized literature searching and Web sources
 The adoption of standardized language related to nursing terms-
NANDA, etc.

38. 1. Nursing practice standards
2. Nursing data standards
3. Health care data standards
III. Standards initiatives

39. Nursing Practice Standards
 Developed and recommended by the ANA.
 They recommended that nursing process serve as a
conceptual framework for the documentation of nursing
practice.
 Joint commission on accreditation of hospital
organizations (JCAHO) which stressed the need for
adequate records on patients in hospitals practice
standards for the documentation of care.
 Focused on both organizing principles of clinical
nursing practice and standards of professional
performance.

40. Nursing Data Standards
 Emerged a 13 nursing terminologies that have
been recognized by the ANA.
 Critical care classification system.
 Nursing information classifications a new
requirement for the EHR.

41. Health Care Data Standards Organizations
 It is a critical review the standards organizations that have
emerged to either develop or recommend health care data
standards that should be recommended to the federal
government as required health care data standards.
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
 SNOMED
 National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics
(NCVHS).

42. IV. Landmark Events in Nursing and Computers
 Computers were introduced into the nursing profession over 40
years ago.
 Major milestones of nursing were interwoven with the
advancement of computer and information technologies, the
increase need for nursing data, development of nursing
applications, and changes making the nursing profession an
autonomous discipline.

43.  The landmark events were described by the
following categories:
(a) early conferences, meetings
(b) early academic initiatives
(c) initial ANA initiatives
(d) Initial National League for Nursing
initiatives
(e) early international initiatives
(f) initial educational resources
(g) significant collaborative events

44. THANK YOU!! 