My report in the subject Measurement and Evaluation ..

1. CONSTRUCTING
PAPER-AND-PENCIL
TESTS
Jessa Paola G. Campo
BBTEBTL IV-2N
Prof. Dumrique

2. OUTLINE OF THE REPORT:
I. General Principles ofTesting
II. Attributes of a GoodTest
III. Steps in Constructing ClassroomTests
IV. Preparing theTable of Specifications (TOS)
V. GeneralGuidelines inWritingTest Items
VI. Writing Multiple-Choice Items

3. PAPER-AND-PENCILTESTS
• Is one of the most common and
systematic way of gathering information
about the learners’ behavior and
performance.
• Is a professional skill.

4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OFTESTING
1. Measure all instructional objectives.
2. Cover all learning tasks.
3. Use appropriate test items.
4. Make test valid and reliable.
5. Use test to improve learning.

5. ATTRIBUTES OF A
GOODTEST
• Validity – the degree to which a test measures what it seeks to
measure.
• Reliability – the accuracy with which a test consistently measures
that which it does measure.
• Objectivity – the extent to which personal biases or subjective
judgment of the test scorer is eliminated in checking the student’
responses to the test items, as there is only one correct answer for
each question.
• Scorability – easy to score or check as answer key and answer
sheet are provided.
• Administrability – easy to administer as clear and simple
instructions are provided in students, proctors, and scorers.

6. STEPS
IN
CONSTRUCTING
CLASSROOM
TESTS

7. • Identification of instructional objectives and
learning outcomes.
• Listing of theTopics to be covered by theTest.
• Preparation of aTable of Specifications (TOS).
• Selection of the AppropriateTypes ofTests.
• Writing ofTest Items.
• Sequencing the Items.
• Writing the Directions or Instructions.
• Preparation of the Answer Sheet and Scoring Key.

8. PREPARINGTHE
TABLE OF
SPECIFICATIONS
(TOS)

9. First, it helps the teachers to decide
on what to include and leave out in a test.
Second, it helps them determine
how much weight to give for each topic
covered and objective to be tested.

10. STEPSTO OBSERVE IN PREPARING A
TABLE OFTEST SPECIFICATIONS:
1. List down the topics covered for inclusion in the test.
2. Determine the objectives to be assessed by the test.
3. Specify the number of days or hours spent for
teaching a particular topic.
4. Determine percentage allocation of test items for
each of the topics covered.
5. Determine the number of items to construct for each
topic.
6. Distribute the number of items to the objectives to
be tested.

11. TABLE OF SPECIFICATION FOR A 50-ITEM
TEST IN ECONOMICS
TOPIC/
OBJECTIVE
KNOWLEDGE COMPREHENSION APPLICATION ANALYSIS TOTAL
The Nature of
Economics 2 2 1 5 10
Economic
Systems 3 2 3 2 10
Law of
Demand and
Supply
3 3 3 6 15
Price Elasticity
of Demand
and Supply
2 3 3 7 15
Total 10 10 10 20 50

12. GENERAL
GUIDELINES IN
WRITINGTEST
ITEMS

13. 1. Avoid Wording that is ambiguous and
confusing.
2. Use appropriate vocabulary and
sentence structure.
3. Keep questions short and to the
point.
4. Write items that have one correct
answer.
5. Do not provide clues to the answer.

14. WRITING
MULTIPLE-
CHOICE
ITEMS

15. • The most widely used form of
the test.
• It can be in measuring
different kinds of content and
almost any type of cognitive
behavior, from factual
knowledge to analysis of
complex data.

16. A multiple-choice
item is composed of a
stem, which sets up the
problem and asks a
question, followed by a
number of alternative
responses.

18. GUIDELINES IN WRITING EFFECTIVE
MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS:
1. Each item should be clearly stated, in the form of a question or an
incomplete statement.
2. Do not provide grammatical or contextual clues to the correct answer.
3. Use language that even the poorest readers will understand.
4. Write a correct or best answer and several plausible distractors.
5. Each alternative response should fit the stem in order to avoid giving
clues to its correctness.
6. Refrain from using negatives or double negatives.
7. Use all of the above and none of the above only when they will
contribute more than another plausible distractor.
8. Do not use items directly from the textbook.

19. End of my report :) <3