Powerpoint

1. 3D Printing

2. Introduction to 3D printing
http://graphics.wsj.com/3Dprinting

3. Introduction to 3D printing
Why we chose our topic
History
Environmental Impact
Medicine
Firearms
Art
Why it is compelling

4. The History of 3D Printing

5. History of 3D Printing
● 1980s: Started as Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies (“3D
Printing History”)
○ Originally thought of as a way to make cost-effective
prototypes for products
○ First patent was for Dr. Kodama in 1980s but it fell through
● 1986: First successful patent by Charles Hull for a
stereolithography apparatus (SLA)
○ He invented it in 1983
○ He went on to co-found 3D systems organization

6. History of 3D Printing
1988: 3D Systems’ first commercial RP system sold (“3D
Printing History”)
This was the first put into sales but was not the only
technology being created
1987: Carl Deckard: Selective Laser Sintering
1989: Scott Crump (co-founder Stratasys): Fused
Deposition Modeling

7. History of 3D Printing

8. ● Late 1980s-1990s: Many competing RP companies develop
○ Only three original ones that remain today are 3D Systems, Stratasys, and EOS
History of 3D Printing

9. History of 3D Printing
● 2000s: 3D printing developed into two distinct categories
○ High end 3D printing: geared towards producing complex parts
■ Expensive
○ “Concept Modulers”: focus on improving prototyping and concept development
■ Cost-effective
■ Still very industrial

10. History of 3D Printing
● 2007: Reprap was thought up by Dr. Bowyer, created by Vik Oliver and Rhys Jones (RepRap)
○ Helped with open source 3D movement, increased accessibility

11. History of 3D Printing
● January 2009: First commercially available 3D printer for sale
○ BfB rapman 3D printer
○ Kit form and based on RepRap concept

12. History of 3D Printing
● 2012: Alternative 3D printing processes were
introduced commercially
○ B9Creator (DLP technology)
○ Form 1 (stereolithography)
○ Both launched via Kickstarter (KickStarter)

13. 3D Printing and the Environment

14. Environmental Impact
3D printers:
Use 50 to 100 times more energy (Faludi)
Encourage reliance on plastics (Martin)
Nanosized chemical emissions (“3D”)

15. Printer FDM Machine Inkjet 3D printer
How it prints x and y formation layers of ink
Material Waste no waste with no support
material
wastes 40% of ink, can’t
be recycled
Transport little impact little impact
Faludi 2013

16. Impact of Tradition versus 3D printing
Faludi 2013

17. Reduce Environmental Impact
More eco-friendly Printers
Designed by Markus Keyser (Etherington)

18. Reduce Environmental Impact
More eco-friendly Printers
Designed by Paul Gatenholm (Moss)

19. Reduce Environmental Impact
Use printers more efficiently (Faludi)
hollow parts
close together
Recycle printer ink (Cassano, Martin)
Yet to see true impact in reduced transportation costs

20. 3D Printing and Medicine

21. 3D Printing - It’s revolutionizing medicine.
medical applications for 3D printing
have expanded rapidly in past
decade
been applied to medicine since early
2000s when technology to make
dental implants first used (Ventola)
3D printing has many different uses in
the medical field
devices such as splints or casts, implants,
pharmaceuticals, prosthetics, and even
real human organs

22. 3D Printed Prosthetics

23. 3D Printed Prosthetics
● Prosthetics that are 3D printed
can be made faster, more cheaply
than alternatives
● Example - Open Bionics 3D
Printed Hand (Kelion)
○ process to make takes less
than two days
○ costs under $3,000, as
opposed to $50,000+ models
○ uses myoelectric signals to

24. Creating Organs
Organovo one of the leading companies
in bioprinting (Leckart)
Printed organs nearly identical to tissue
samples from humans
are constructed from human cells
bioengineers have begun to print heart
valves, ears, artificial bone, joints,
skin grafts, etc. (Leckart)
Once researchers figure out how to
print vascular system, printed organs

25. Creating Organs - Continued
● L’Oreal is beginning to look for
alternatives for human/animal testing
○ Starting to use 3D bioprinters that print skin
samples into petri dishes
● This tech also used by independent
researchers to test if printable skin useful
for burn victims (Inside L’Oreal’s Plan…)
○ 3D printed skin would allow for faster
production of skin, recovery of patient

26. 3D Printed Medicine
● US FDA recently gave approval for
3D printed pill to be produced
● Developed by Aprecia
Pharmaceuticals and called
Spritam (Wakefield)
● Drug controls seizures from
epilepsy
● 3D printing allows
○ medicine to be packaged more tightly
in precise doses

27. 3D Printing and Firearms

28. Printed Firearms Overview
Cody Wilson prints first firearm in 2013 (Greenberg)
Law student with no background in 3D printing
Liberator pistol
Undetectable by metal scanners
His organization Defense Distributed aims to make guns open source on a Wiki
Received cease and desist from ATF (Greenberg)
Late 2013, Solid Concepts produced entirely metal pistol, fired 5000 rounds (Estes)

33. Printed Firearms Overview
May 2014 Yoshitomo Imura arrested Japan (Estes)
Possessed 5 guns, no bullets, 2 could fire
Estimated cost:
$1500 for printer
$25 for plastic material
Ghost Runner Printer (Greenberg)
Made by Defense Distributed
Can produce AR-15

34. “Just follow a few simple instructions to mount your 80% lower
receiver, tighten a couple screws, and on day one, Ghost Gunner
can help you legally manufacture unserialized firearms in the
comfort of your own home.”
-Defense Distributed (Estes)

35. Printed Firearm Problems and Solutions
Problem: Plastic guns undetectable by sensors
Solution: Undetectable Firearms Act
Countermeasure: Insert otherwise worthless metal piece into gun
(Mead)
Problem: Inserting worthless metal into gun makes it legal
Solution: Amend language to require metal to be significant part of firearm
(Mead)
Problem: Outright banning printed guns may violate Bill of Rights
Solution: Change Bill of Rights?

36. 3D Printing and Art

37. History of Art and 3D Printing
3D Printing in 80’s (“3D Printing”)
Art followed more recently, in the past decade
Consumer use of 3D printers (2009 and 2012) helped art movement

38. 3D Printshow
Started in 2012 (MacManus)
Focused on art, education, and collaboration (“3D Printshow”)
Expanded to increased monetization (“3D Printshow”)
Now international: Istanbul, Paris, Dubai, London, and more (“3D Printshow”)

39. Examples of Past Exhibits in the 3D Printshow
David van Ness Alissia Melka-Teichroew Eric Van Straaten

40. Inclusion of 3D Printing in Art Museums
Some museums that incorporate 3D printing:
New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art
London’s British Museum
Sir John Soane’s Museum
Museum of Design Atlanta
Victoria and Albert Museum
...and more
Viewed similarly to plaster casts (Thom)

41. The Met and British Museums
Plans for printing replicas
2012 - Metropolitan Museum of Art (Aguilar)
2014 - British (Liszewski)
British Museum - Sketchfab <https://sketchfab.com/britishmuseum> (Liszewski)
The Met - Thingiverse <http://www.thingiverse.com/met/about> (Aguilar)
Free (Aguilar)
Few dozen in each

42. Sir John Soane’s Museum
2014 exhibition on Piranesi’s Diverse Maniere (1769) (Bathurst)
“Original Copy” - first creation of design

43. Museum of Design Atlanta
new exhibit: “Designers, Makers, Users: 3D Printing the Future” (Koslow)
opened 9/20/15
will close 1/10/15
exhibitions relating to space exploration, architecture, prosthetics, and art (Koslow)
Foster + Partners and ESA - lunar habitats
Made In Space- Zero-G Printer
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine - organs
Nervous System - Kinematics Dress

44. TN-01
Purely aesthetic structure by Branch Technology
and Keith Kaseman (Molitch-Hous)
18 ft tall
Tallest 3D printed structure in US
54 cubic ft
Possibilities for larger structures

45. Artists
Some artists that have utilized 3D printing (“3D Printing”) :
Joshua Harker
Dizingof
Jessica Rosenkrantz
Pia Hinze
Nick Ervinck
Lionel Dean

46. Joshua Harker
Used 3D scan and CT scan to create a “portrait” (Chavez)
Debuted at 3D Printshow in 2014
Through Uformit, others can download a scan and customize

47. Dizingof
Specializes in math art and sculptures (“Dizingof’s”)
Made a piece called Reaction Diffusion Man, mimicking the chemical process

48. Nick Ervinck
Belgian artist with Materialise (Sher)
Featured in a museum in Ghent
Also sells products online
National Basilica of the
Sacred Heart
Ervinck with another creation

49. 3D Printing Activity

50. Works Cited
"3D Printing History: The Free Beginner's Guide." 3D Printing Industry. 3D Printing Industry, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
"3D PRINTSHOW." 3D Printshow : 3D Printshow. 3D Printshow, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Aguilar, Mario. "You Can 3D Print Scale Versions of Famous Museum Statues For Your Home." Gizmodo. Gizmodo, 11 June 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Bathurst, Matilda. "'Diverse Maniere: Piranesi, Fantasy and Excess' at Sir John Soane's Museum." Apollo Magazine. Apollo Magazine, 22 Mar. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Chavez, Evan. "Joshua Harker's 3D Printed Self-Portrait." 3D Printing Industry Joshua Harkers 3D Printed SelfPortrait Reveals Digital Disconnect with Personalized Scan Comments. 3D
Printing Industry, 19 Feb. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
"Dizingof's Reaction Diffusion Man in Rubber." 3D Printing Industry Dizingofs Reaction Diffusion Man in Rubber Comments. 3D Printing Industry, 18 Apr. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Koslow, Tyler. "MODA Unveils All-Star 3D Printing Exhibition." 3D Printing Industry Museum of Design Atlanta Unveils AllStar 3D Printing Exhibition Comments. 3D Printing Industry, 30
Sept. 2015. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Liszewski, Andrew. "The British Museum Will Now Let You 3D Print Copies Of Its Artifacts." Gizmodo. Gizmodo, 03 Nov. 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
MacManus, Christopher. "The Weird World Where 3D Printing and Art Collide." CNET. CNET, 02 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Molitch-Hou, Michael. "Tallest 3D Printed Sculpture in US Installed at MODA." 3D Printing Industry Tallest 3D Printed Sculpture in US Installed at MODA Comments. 3D Printing
Industry, 05 Oct. 2015. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Sher, Davide. "Nick Ervinck's Amazing 3D Printing Skills." 3D Printing Industry Artist Nick Ervinck Showcases His and Materialises Amazing 3D Printing Skills in New Book Comments. 3D
Printing Industry, 26 June 2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Thom, Danielle. "Museums Have Finally Woken up to the Potential of 3D Printing." Apollo Magazine. Apollo Magazine, 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 14 Oct. 2015.
Estes, Adam. "3D-Printed Guns Are Only Getting Better, and Scarier." Gizmodo. Gawker Media, 6 Jan. 2015. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Greenberg, Andy. "How 3D Printed Guns Evolved Into Serious Weapons in Just One Year." Wired. Conde Nast Digital, 14 May 2014. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Greenberg, Andy. "'Wiki Weapon Project' Aims To Create A Gun Anyone Can 3D-Print At Home." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 23 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Mead, Derek. "Congress's Plastic Gun Ban Left a 3D-Printed Loophole." Motherboard. Vice Media, 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 12 Oct. 2015.
Faludi, Jer. "How to Print 3D Parts Better." Environmental Impacts of 3D Printing. Autodesk, Inc., 22 Nov. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Cassano, Jay. "Fixing The Environmental Flaws In 3D Printing By Fixing The Goo." Co.Exist. Fast Company & Inc, 24 Feb. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Faludi, Jeremy. "Is 3D Printing an Environmental Win?" GreenBiz. GreenBiz Group, Inc., 19 July 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Moss, Richard. "3D-printed Objects Created Entirely from Wood Cellulose." GizMag. GizMag, 18 June 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
Martin, Glenn. "So 3D Printers May Be Nifty and Trendy, but Environmentally Friendly? Not Necessarily." California Magazine. Cal Alumni Association, 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Rose, Etherington. "The Solar Sinter by Markus Kayser." Dezeen. N.p., 28 June 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Zimmer, Lori. "Solar-Powered 3D Printer Turns Desert Sand Into Glass Bowls and Sculptures." Inhabitat. Inhabitat, LLC, 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
"3D Printers Shown to Emit Potentially Harmful Nanosized Particles." Phys.org. Science X Network, 24 July 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
"RapMan 3.2 3D Printer Kit." RapMan 3.2 3D Printer Kit. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"About." Interval Band. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"Request a Quote." Buy the Form 1 – Formlabs. FormLabs 2015. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.

51. Works Cited Continued
Printing Kidneys. Digital image. Popular Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/how-3D-printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine>.
Ventola, C. Lee, MS. "Medical Applications for 3D Printing: Current and Projected Uses."Pharmacy and Therapeutics 39.10 (2014): n. pag. NCBI. US National Library of Medicine. Web. 13 Oct.
2015. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189697/>.
Open-Source 3D printed prosthetic hand. Digital image. Imgur. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://i.imgur.com/HBZVyyf.gif>.
Kelion, Leo. "Open Bionics Robotic Hand for Amputees Wins Dyson Award." BBC News. N.p., 25 Aug. 2015. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.
<http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34044453>.
Open Bionicss. Digital image. BBC. N.p., 25 Aug. 2015. Web. 14 Oct. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34044453>.
Leckart, Steven. "How 3D Printing Body Parts Will Revolutionize Medicine." Popular Science. N.p., 6 Aug. 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2015. <http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/how-3D-
printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine>.
3D Printed Ear. Digital image. BFS STEM Scholars. N.p., 25 Apr. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://bsfstemscholars.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/01/4d68a12d2acb7cd0119bc54571bdc39f_vice_630x420.jpg>.
"Inside L'Oreal's Plan to 3D Print Human Skin." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 19 May 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://www.wired.com/2015/05/inside-loreals-plan-3D-print-human-skin/>.
L’Oreal growing skin in labs. Digital image. BBC. N.p., 19 May 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32795169>.
Wakefield, Jane. "First 3D-printed Pill Approved by US Authorities." BBC News. The BBC, 4 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-33772692>.
3D Printed Pill. Digital image. Science Burger. N.p., 19 Aug. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2015. <http://scienceburger.com/new-fda-approved-pill-can-be-printed-at-home>.
"3D Printing History: The Free Beginner's Guide - 3D Printing Industry." 3D Printing Industry. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"Thanks for an Amazing Kickstarter Campaign! The next Chapter of 3D Printing Is Just Beginning." Kickstarter. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"What Will You Create?" 3D Printing. B9 Creations LLC. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"Charles W. Hull." Bozeman Daily Chronicle. BDC. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"Engineering Capacity - More SLS Capacity for ARRK." Engineering Capacity. MercatorMedia. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"Rapid Prototyping Technologies,applications &part Deposition Planning..." Rapid Prototyping Technologies,applications &part Deposition Planning... IN SlideShare. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
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(SLS®), Rapid Prototyping, Rapid MFG. LaserSintering. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
"3D Systems Corporation Crashes On Weak Preliminary Q1 Results." ValueWalk. 24 Apr. 2015. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
Thimmesch, Debra. "Sprout by HP." 3DPrintcom. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
Halterman, Te. "Sprout by HP." 3DPrintcom. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
McCloy, Minh. "3D Printing, It Adds up." CitizenJ RSS. State Library of Queensland. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
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