On July 7Th 2011, Verisign Issued A Statement Declaring...
1. On July 7th 2011, Verisign issued a statement declaring...
On July 7th 2011, Verisign issued a statement declaring that all .com, .net, .org and many other
domain names would become under United States (US) jurisdiction. Websites containing these
domain names, which were registered outside of US, have encountered various implications for
multiple reasons. Firstly, although these websites are registered in a country other than the US, they
are subjected to US law despite the fact that the registrar might be living in a country with
differentiating laws. The Bodog.com case is a clear example of this. Secondly, the US now has
authority to actually seize a website and hold the website's registrar accountable if their website is
deemed to be illegal under US laws. Lastly, this is a clear case of the US ... Show more content on
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It is clear that the online gaming industry is legal under international law and in the case of these
documents it is also clear that the rule of law was not allowed to slow down a rush to try to win the
war of public opinion." This quotation explains the US internet jurisdiction precisely. Bodog.com
did not accept any US bettors and had restricted access to US citizens and the US has no
connections with this website. Online gaming is legal in many international countries and this
clearly shows the unnecessary abuse of power by the US. If this case had been judged prior to this
change in approach, Ayre would have been found not guilty and Bodog.com would still be up and
running. Moreover, not only can the US seize a website, but it can also make the registrar of the
website stand trial in the US, if the authorities of the registrar's country decide not to act. This
occurred with Richard O'Dwyer, a twenty–three year old United Kingdom (UK) resident, created
tvshack.net, a website which hosted links to pirated material, but did not host the material itself
(U.S. Claims Global Jurisdiction of .net and .com Web Sites: Is .edu Next?). This did not breach
European internet copyright laws and O'Dwyer was never prosecuted for copyright infringement by
UK authorities, until the US claimed jurisdiction over certain domain names including .com and
.net. The fact of the matter is that website registrars who
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2.
3. Web Architecture And Components : Questions Answers
Web architecture and components
Questions Answers Examples
What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
The Internet Service Provider is the organisation that provides internet access (Broadband) to
customers of a fee depending on what they want. The cost will depend on the usage data, the speed
and the package they want.
Internet Service Providers will also provide Internet access to other organisations. An example
Barclays bank, they have got a internet router, allowing customers in the branch to access the
internet. Virgin Media, BT, Sky
What is the Web hosting service?
Web hosting service is online service which allows organisations to make their website visible
through the World Wide Web. Web hosting services will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The domain name usually identifies the IP addresses which make up the website. Organisations will
need to have a Domain name which is easy to remember and type. Domain name registrars will
usually charge a fee depending on the name.
Top Level Domain (TLD): Each domain has a suffix which indicates the category of the
organisation. There are different categories. The Top Level Domain name will be given after the
organisation is examines. The Top Level Domain will indicate the type of organisations it is. Making
it easier for the customer, client to see what exactly the website offers.
Below is a list of suffixes;
– gov. Government agencies
– mil. Military
– ca. Canada
– org. Organisations
– com. Commercial business
– th. Thailand
– edu. Educational Institutions
– net. Network organisations
What is the internet?
4. Breakdown of the word 'Internet' would be Inter– Connected computer networks. The internet is
made up of millions of computers connected together. There is only one network. The Internet is a
global computer network that provides information and other facilities to people all around the
world through protocols. The Internet could be accesses from different devices via different
networks. The Internet is used daily in people's lives. At school; for educational purposes, at work;
access to client profile and other resources, universities; researching facilities and at home. The
internet consists of different facilities, such
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8. The On Infringement Of Trade Marks And Spencer Private...
The following are some of the responses from various aspects of the society, which lays down the
duties as well as the responsibilities for the whole society:
5.1 The Judicial Response
There have been numerous judgments in India on infringement of Trade Marks through Domain
Name registration in UK, Spain, Italy, France and others. Depending on the nature of the
infringement, these violations have been called, in the absence of any standard terminology, by
various names like Cyber–squatting, Passing–off, Name–grabbing etc. Nearer home in India, when a
Website called htpp:/marks and Spencer.co. UK came up, Marks and Spencer Private Company
Limited had to seek judicial remedy against the British Company named 'One in a Million' for a
restraint order.
It was held that the name Marks and Spencer could not have been chosen for any other reasons
except that it was associated with the well known retailing group . In another case, it was held that
the Internet domain names are of importance and can be valuable corporate assets and that a domain
name is more than an Internet address. A company carrying on business of communication and
providing services through the Internet, carried a domain name "REDIFF" which had been widely
published. The defendant company also started using the same domain name transcripting it as
"RADIFF". It was found that the only object in adopting this domain name was to trade upon the
reputation of the plaintiff's domain name. An injunction was ordered
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9.
10. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hosting Administrations
Cheap domain registration
A domain name alludes to the named address or distinguishing label given to a domain on the web.
The domain name enables others to get to your site effortlessly with a simple to recall address as
opposed to utilizing a numeric IP address. Enrolling a domain name secures that particular web
address. Nobody else can utilize that specific space name on the web.
Some organizations offer singular domain name registration. This enables you to hold firm a domain
name without obtaining hosting facilities. While this will shield the domain name from being taken
by another person, it won't enable you to have a site or use email administrations with your domain.
You can't mix up, the .us domain for something besides the United ... Show more content on
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Most organizations are searching for ways to cut cost, particularly those with little and medium
business. Choosing cheap site hosting administrations can enable you to spare a great deal of cash. it
provides clients with a sensible experience particularly for small scale websites that don't require a
considerable measure of space or data transfer capacity.
Most clients of inexpensive hosting plans are somewhat new to web facilitating; its ease of use
would be leverage for the clients. As this arrangement doesn't accompany a lot of elaborate
highlights, it will be less demanding for new clients to explore around. It is likewise reasonable for
the individuals who have restricted information with respect to web hosting and it would be a decent
beginning for them to start adapting more.
The disadvantages:
One usually identified disadvantage of choosing and using cheap web site hosting services is sharing
of server space with other clients of the provider. This could possibly jeopardize your own online
site in the future especially if the companies or people you share server space with constantly use
email lists to send spam. Anti–spam programs might block your site too because you use the same
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11.
12. Essay On Domain Name Search
CAN I GET A DOMAIN?
The first thing that comes to mind when you start a business is to secure a domain name, which
establishes a unique identity online. But, you go online to buy one and discover your domain name
is not available.
The next step is to tweak or find related names by adding hyphens (–), underscore (_). Domain
name search often leads to confusion because domain names are not case–sensitive and some names
can be misrepresented if there is a space, punctuation or capitalization. Example, a therapist with a
room that chose therapistroom.com as an online presence can be misread as the rapist room, Who
Represents, a database of celebrities, Agents, Representatives and Agencies chose
whorepresents.com which can be misread as whore ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When buying or registering a domain name, make sure you are the domain owner or administrative
contact, that is, registered under your name or company; If possible, add a current phone number, a
designated email address (such as contact@domain.com just to avoid spammers) and a physical
address or a P.O. Box. This makes it easier for users to verify your credibility with an offline
presence. There are several ways to verify a domain, but the fastest way is whois.net. Also, be
careful when choosing an expired domain name. Some are affected by copyright or trademark
infringement, some have a history of bad representation or ban from Google searches for violating a
Google term.
After buying a domain name, what next? Domain in simple term is a plot of land. When you secure
a domain name, you secure a digital plot of land on the internet. That security comes with an
identification label to prove ownership or control. That ownership acquired from a Domain name
Registrar (such as godaddy.com, domains.google.com) does not confer outright ownership or legal
ownership of the domain, but only an exclusive right of use for a particular period of time (usually
for 1 year, 2 years, 5 years or 10 years). After securing a domain name, you have to host it.
Hosting is to build a house on your digital plot of land. Without hosting or host name, you cannot
build and without a domain, you cannot host.
In a quick
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13.
14. Web Architecture : How User Settings And Server Settings...
Web Architecture
I am writing a report that will explain the architecture that the web is created around, how user
settings and server settings can affect the performance of the web and how to prevent security risks
that can affect your data.
Internet Service Providers
Also known as an ISP, these are companies that provide the user their connection to the internet.
There is a monthly charge for this service and the user is sometimes required to purchase other
services as well such as a phone line and TV service. You also usually receive a modem with your
package to allow you to connect to the internet.
Web Hosting Services
A web host will make your website accessible via the web. It is stored on their server, and is
accessible via a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The accredited channel partners also provide the customer with the domain and manage it but they
are also accredited in providing excellent customer support and service.
Self–Managed Partners are where the domain names are managed and controlled by the owner
themselves.
Mail
SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, is the standard for email. SMTP uses TCP to transfer emails.
Users usually use SMTP for sending emails but when receiving them it uses the IMAP or POP3
protocol.
Proxy server
A proxy server is designed so that a user can connect to another system and ask it to get the data it
requests. this is so the server that is sending the information does not know where it is going to, this
adds security to the users network and allows them to browse anonymously by hiding the users IP
address, not only does it not know who the true receiver is of the data, the server that is sending the
15. data also thinks it's coming from a different location allowing you to access data usually blocked
from the users country.
Routers
A router is what devices connect to, to get access to a network, the router assigns a separate IP
address to each device that is connected to it. A router would then connect to a modem to provide
internet access to the devices connected to the router. The purpose of a router is to send and receive
data packets. When a data packet comes in to the router, it reads the address from inside the packet
to know where to send the packet too. The
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16.
17. Web Architecture And Components ( P1 ) Essay
Assignment 1: Website Performance
Contents
Web Architecture and Components (P1) 1
The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) 1
Web Protocols (D1) 1
Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) 1
Web Architecture and Components (P1)
The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1)
Web Protocols (D1)
Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3)
P1
In P1 I will be talking about how the World Wide Web works and what is the purpose of ISPs and
the web hosting services that ISPs provide for business which can be helpful for business.
I will be also talking about the domain structure for example what is involved in domain structure.
I will also mention multiple domain registration and the role of domain name registrars.
How the World Wide Web works.
It is an information system on the internet which lets documents to be linked to other documents
through hypertext links, allowing the user to search information by moving from one document to
another.
The World Wide Web is established on numerous different technologies that make it possible for
users to find and share data through the internet. For example there are Web browsers, HTTP
(hypertext transfer protocol) and HTML (hypertext Markup language).
The function of the web browser in World Wide Web is to display data, text, pictures animation and
video on the Internet.
The purpose of the HTTP is to secure data when you are using the internet. All the data is encoded
when you
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18.
19. Dnssec Case Study
DNSSEC is a set of DNS extensions that authenticates the origin of zone data and verifies its
integrity by using public key cryptography. That is, the extensions permit DNS clients to ask the
questions, "Did this DNS data really come from the zone's owner?" and "Is this really the data sent
by that owner?"
DNSSEC provides three distinct services: key distribution by means of KEY resource records stored
in the zone files, origin verification for servers and data, and verification of the integrity of zone
data. DNSSEC relies upon a cascading chain of trust: The root servers provide validation
information for the top–level domains, the top–level domains provide validation information for the
second–level domains, and so on.
Public key cryptosystems
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20.
21. My Summer Vacation
For my summer vacation I went to three main places .In the beginning of summer at the first part I
went to Twin Falls Idaho with my Dad . We rented a car and explored the state .Apart from seeing a
bunch of potato farms we saw lots of volcanic rocks and a HUGE canyon it had massive trees
growing out of the rocks and at the bottom of the canyon there was a canoe trial and a golf course .A
week later I found me and my family were going to Poland . The plane trip was around 11 hours ,9
hours to Germany and 2 hours to Poland The plane wasn't really relaxing the passenger in front of
me had his seat pulled back the whole flight so I had no leg space .My sister was also a pain because
of the constant nagging .My Grandma had come to picks us up since we were staying at her house
for the next 3 weeks . When we arrived at my grandparents house it's as if i traveled back in time to
the 1940's everything was so outdated and behind, . Since my grandparents lived at a farm I had the
urge to explore . I walked around the massive barn that was hiding behind the house and while
exploring I stepped into a massive pile of cow poop .Luckily for my sneakers I only stepped into it
with my toe . I walked into the bathroom to start scrubbing the poop of my sneakers .When I
finished that I walked into the kitchen where everyone was sitting to find out my grandma had a
prepared enough food to feed a block full of people.
After a week passed I was getting used to the smell of
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22.
23. Every time I close my eyes, I see it .Hungry ,ravenous...
Every time I close my eyes, I see it .Hungry ,ravenous flames dancing in the breeze rapidly gaining
life ,morphing into a bright orange embers ,igniting the piles of antiquity –the books ,the vase ,the
paintings.The highly decorative paintings ,the chiefly lacquer and ceramics crackling rupturing into
pieces.Sparks flew across the room and the horror, terror and sheer heat hit me full in the face. I felt
the scalding heat of the fire as it burned my whole life into ashes .As the flames grew bigger , the
vigor in me gradually diminish into a black soot .It sears my skin and the smell of charred meat
shoots up into my nose.I feel numb . Jack my brother has insisted with all his might for me to move
in and live with him after "that" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The paint look as if it has been used for years, stripped off and stained all around ,in places i can't
reach .These dreadful brown tiles ,one of those flamboyant patterns that coils around itself
,committing each and every artistic sin known . Lifeless and insipid enough to confuse but striking
and distinct enough to study. What is worse is that sickening color : a smoky, sooty, mucky brown .It
is dull yet lurid in spots, a stomach churning copper brown.The color itself churned my
stomach.Vomit crawled up my throat.I hate it. I have been here several weeks and I haven't felt any
better .Jack is gone most of the days working and Maggie wanders off with the baby for hours and
sometimes the whole day. It is blessed that Maggie is so good with the baby.I get all jumpy when i
see a baby ,I envisioned them in their new born state .Body red as cherries ,skin vermillion and
bruised encrusted in a gloopy syrupy cheese like mass.Their body lanky and scrawny and hands so
huge it looked like gloves. I'm getting used to my room ,in fact pretty fond of it inspite of those floor
tiles .Perhaps because of them worries resides in my mind daily. Just the other day I took the rug
from the baby's room when Jack and Maggie was asleep .As I trod purposefully across the hall , a
regular recurring ticks and creaks occur much like a metronome guiding my path .An
indistinguishable form creeped
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24.
25. Using Security Measures For Dns
1. Introduction Over the years, the Domain Name System (DNS) has evolved as the most important
network service which connects networking resources to a private network and the internet. But
along with the rise in the importance of DNS, it has also become a vulnerable link in the internet
security as it is the internet's primary directory service used for properly traversing through the
present networking infrastructure. Even though DNS is the core fabric of the today's network, there
is no standard security framework available for DNS. Every security professional knows that the
network security measures depends upon the following three important factors [1]: Confidentiality:
It is a set of rules used for limiting the access and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The latest threats to DNS will be discussed here and counter measures will be suggested. It will
provide a theoretical as well as practical understanding of DNS exploitation and security. 2. Project
Overview 2.1 DNS Query There are various types DNS queries made by the client. The most
common is the mapping of Fully Qualified domain name (FQDN) to the IP address of the FQDN. A
resolver and a name server play the important role in making queries and finding the results for
queries. Sometimes, we have either only a resolver or a resolver and a name serer working together
in a computer depending upon the system we are using. There are many such combinations but the
core logic remains the same and it is as follows [2]: 1. When a command is inserted by the user, the
hostname will be needed to be translated to the IP address so that the user will be able to access the
resources at the destination site. 2. The particular application program will call the resolver which is
actually a set of library functions. (To be more specific, the application will call "gethostbyname" or
"gethostbyaddr" through API or library routines to formulate a query for the name server.) 3. If it is
a caching resolver, it will look for the result within its cache. If the result cannot be found or if it is a
stub resolver, the resolver transfers the request to the local name server. 4. If it is not in
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26.
27. Phishing Is A Social Engineering Luring Technique
Phishing is a social engineering luring technique, in which an attacker aims to steal sensitive
information such as credit card information and online banking passwords from users. Phishing is
carried over electronic communications such as email or instant messaging. In this technique, a
replica of the legitimate sites is created, and the users are directed to the Phishing pages where it's
required for the personal information.
As phishing remains a significant criminal activity that causes great loss of money and personal
data. In respond to these threats, a variety of Anti–Phishing tools was released by software vendors
and companies. The Phishing detection technique used by industries mainly includes attack tracing,
report generating filtering, analysing, authentication, report making and network law enforcement.
The toolbars like spoof guard, trust watch, spoof stick and Net–craft are some of the most popular
Anti–Phishing toolbars services that are used. The W3C has set some standards that are followed by
most of the legit websites, but the phishing site may not develop these standards. There are certain
characteristics of URL and source code of the Phishing site based on which we can guess the fake
site.
The goal of this paper is to compare different methods that are used to determine the phishing web
pages to safeguard the web users from attackers. In [2] lexical signature is extracted from a given
web page based on several unique terms that is used as a dataset
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28.
29. Description Of A Web Website
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator, beforehand Universal Resource Locator) – typically purported
by sounding out every letter be that as it may, in a few quarters, professed "Earl" – is the one of a
kind location for a document that is open on the Internet. In simple its a reference to a web asset that
determines its location on a computer network and a mechanism for recovering it. A typical
approach to get to a Web webpage is to enter the URL of its landing page record in our Web
program 's location line. Then again, any document inside of that Web webpage can likewise be
indicated with a URL. A URL is a particular kind of Uniform Resource Identifier, albeit numerous
individuals utilize the two terms conversely. Such a record may be any Web ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To some degree like universal telephone numbers, the domain name system serves to give each
Internet server a paramount and simple to–spell address. At the same time, the domain names keep
the truly technical IP address undetectable for most viewers..
Example: about.com, japantimes.co.jp, spain.info
How are they spelled?
1) Domain names are sorted out right to left, with general descriptors to one side(right), and
particular descriptors to other side(left).
2) It is similar to family surnames to one side, particular individual names to one side. These
descriptors are called "domains".
3) The "top level domains" (TLD, or parent domain) is to the most distant right of an domain name.
Mid level domains (youngsters and grandchildren) are in the middle. The machine name, regularly
"www", is to the far left.
4) Levels of domains are isolated by periods ("dots").
5) Case 1 "About" is the mid–level domain, .com is the top level domain.
6) Case 2 "japantimes" is the littler mid–level domain. .co is the bigger mid–level domain. .jp is the
top level domain.
7) Case 3 "spain" is the mid–level domain, .info is the top level domain.
Tech Trivia Note:
1) Most American servers utilize three–letter top level domains (Example ".com", ".edu"). Nations
other than the USA ordinarily utilize two letters, or blends of two letters (Example ".au", ".ca",
".co.jp").
30. A Domain Name is Not the Same as URL
1) To be in fact amend, a
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31.
32. Case Project 8-1 : Configuring Encryption
Case Project 5–1: Configuring Encryption in Word 2010 What is the process involved in configuring
encryption? Encryption is a process that turns information that is plainly readable into scrambled
form in order to preserve the authenticity, integrity, and privacy of the information that passes
through the security perimeter (Michael E. Whitman, 2009). It is the conversion of electronic data
into another form, called ciphertext, which cannot be easily understood by anyone except authorized
parties (Rouse, 2014). Data, often referred to as plaintext, is encrypted using an encryption
algorithm and an encryption key. This process generates ciphertext that can only be viewed in its
original form if decrypted with the correct key. Decryption is simply the inverse of encryption,
following the same steps but reversing the order in which the keys are applied (Rouse, 2014). The
encryption algorithms that are available for use with Office depend on the algorithms that can be
accessed through application programming interface in the Windows operating system. CNG allows
for more agile encryption, where encryption and hashing algorithms that are supported on the host
computer can be specified for use during the document encryption process. CNG also allows for
better extensibility encryption, where third–party encryption modules can be used (Microsoft, 2014).
Process of encryption configuration. Encryption features are built into all Microsoft office 2010
suite applications. This feature
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33.
34. An Example Of A Hardware
An example of a Hardware is a computer, which can be cheap and expensive. However, it is quicker
to do things and it saves time and there are more advantages because the staff can do the tasks online
previously stated as, well, as save the work and continue to do the work the next day and ensure that
the work isn 't lost by saving it on the computer and memory stick. Although, if it was handwritten it
would be time consuming and it could be easily lost. The prices can vary, but the prices of a
computer is up to £600 and £1,200. However, there will be discounts for businesses mainly and the
issue will be solved.
Softwares such as Adobe and Microsoft normally cost £400 a year altogether, but this means that all
the users will have access, which is worth it normally it would cost an individual £400. Meeting the
user needs would mean assess the user 's skills and experience, and determine the user 's desktop
client platform.
The facilities to include in the website, rotating photos, which would make the website stand out and
appeal to the customers. They would want to look at the images interacts with the visitors. Also,
when a web page first loads, a creative 'Fly–in ' can catch the eye of the visitor. Moreover, most
people hate pop–ups, as they can be aggravating. However, if they are kept small, unobtrusive, and
only pop up once in 24 hours. Today, there are many "Pop–up blockers" but we create pop–ups that
are unstoppable, and therefore, when used with tact, can be
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35.
36. Research Paper On DNS System
DNS SECURITY
Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author)
Dept. name of organization (Line 1 of Affiliation – optional)
Name of organization – acronyms acceptable (line 2)
City, Country (line 3) name@xyz.com – optional (line 4)
Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author)
Dept. name of organization (Line 1 of Affiliation – optional)
Name of organization – acronyms acceptable (line 2)
City, Country (line 3) name@xyz.com – optional (line 4)
Abstract– There are millions of Electronic devices in and around the world. Each device will have
unique address and those devices connect to the world or other devices through a network. Each
network will have unique address called IP Address. Being very hard to remember all the IP address
and to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our main purpose is to understand the Security challenges faced in using DNS and better practices
to reduce those.
I.INTRODUCTION
DNS is a protocol with some protocols for computers in exchanging data over the Internet. The
process is to turn a website like "google.com" into an machine readable address like 8.8.8.8 and
8.8.4.4 for IPv4 that computers use for identification on the network. In fact Google Public DNS is
largest DNS service in the world which handles more than 400 billion requests a day. All the
computers or hosts on the internet use IP Address to establish a connection with site they are need.
With the DNS service, we don't need to remember the whole bunch of numbers stacked at each
decimal point. We just use a DNS server and appropriate name servers and access the sites with
specific names. And this DNS server manages a massive database which maps the domain names to
those IP Addresses.
On a short note, DNS server search for the domain name as per the User Request. This process is
named as DNS name Resolution and this means DNS servers converts the domain name to IP
address. As mentioned earlier, google.com has IP address of 8.8.8.8 which you enter directly into
browser will give you the Google's page. Web site's IP addresses are dynamic and some sites use
many IP's with only one Domain name.Without DNS servers, Internet access would be a lot tougher.
II.DETAILED WORKING OF DNS:
When you are trying to access a domain, the hose
39. Blooms Taxonomy Research Paper
Bloom's taxonomy is a classification of different levels of learning and questioning. It is divided up
in to 3 different domains of learning where different levels are established. Each level must be
reached by mastering the previous level. The three different domains are cognitive, affective and
psychomotor. These levels in each domain often depicted in a pyramid structure with the base being
the most fundamental aspect and the top of the pyramid being the highest level of learning and
questioning. If the base is not soundly established then the pyramid will not stand and one will not
advance into higher levels. Essentially Bloom's taxonomy is a way to look at learning and how
learning is evaluated. The base level learning is just basic knowledge. An example of this would be
learning basic facts. The highest level in the cognitive domain is evaluation. In this level, one would
take the basic facts they know and use them to evaluate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lesson plans are designed to engage students in the higher levels of Blooms taxonomy while test
questions are written based off of the different levels. Students are no longer asked to regurgitate
facts but apply them to new scenarios. For this class, an example would be instead of asking us the
facts of the Great Depression, our questions will focus more on what affects did the Depression have
on society at the time or even asking us to predict how society would be today had the Great
Depression not occurred. These latter questions require a lot higher level thinking. As a student I
would still have to know the basic facts to answer the question but a successful answer would show
that I not only knew the facts but I knew how they fit together in the bigger picture. It would also
force me to develop new, sound ideas based off of these facts. In essence, Bloom's taxonomy will
help show a mastery of the content rather than
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40.
41. “Telecommunications vs. Information Services”
Table of Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................................3
Background..........................................................................................................................4
Recommendations..............................................................................................................7
User and ISP Cooperative (Option 1)...................................................................7
Website Accessibility Certification (Option 2)...................................................7
Top–Level Domain Classification (Option 3).......................................................8
Legal, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary piece of legislation used to regulate telecom providers is the Telecommunication Act of
1996. This paper will examine the characteristics, and point out similarities, of telecommunications
providers and information services such as the internet. Additionally, regulation of
telecommunications and the lack of regulation for information services will be addressed. Finally,
recommendations for potential ways to regulate information services, the potential legal
ramifications of such regulation, and the technical considerations regarding the recommendations
will be identified.
Background
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the first major overhaul of United States
telecommunications law in nearly 62 years, amending the Communications Act of 1934. This Act
was a major stepping stone towards the future of telecommunications, since this was the first time
that the Internet was included in broadcasting and spectrum allotment. One of the primary goals of
the law (Title III specifically) was to let anyone enter any communications business "to let any
communications businesses compete in any market against any other." Also, the new
Telecommunications Act allowed the FCC, and Congress, to "update" the old – and outdated –
Telecommunications Act of 1934.
For purposes of regulation by the Federal Communications Commission under the U.S.
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42.
43. The Internet Archive Preserves The Live Web
The Internet archive preserves the live web by saving snapshots of the websites made with a specific
date which can be browsed or searched for various reasons. Its object is to save the whole web
without being in favor of a specific lan– guage, domain or geographical location. The importance of
archiving made it important to check its coverage. In this paper, we try to determine how well
Arabic websites are archived and indexed, and if the number of archived and indexed websites is
affected by by country code top level domain, geographic location, creation date and depth. We also
crawled for Arabic hyperlinks and checked its archiving and indexing.
We sampled 15092 unique URIs from three different Arabic website directories; DMOZ ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Third, we found that websites with Arabic country code top level domain or Arabic geographical
Internet protocol location were archived and indexed more than websites that don't. Fourth, we
found that only 34% of the URIs with depth more than one were indexed.
1. INTRODUCTION
Arabic Language is the fourth largest language on the Internet, it comes after English, Chines and
Spanish. Arabic Internet users have grown rapidly, in the year of 2009 17% of Arabic speaker use
the Internet and at 2013 almost 36% of Arabic speakers use the Internet. Now, almost 135.6 million
Arabic users are on the Internet [1].
As the Web grows quickly and at the same time pages are disappearing the need for archiving is
becoming more important [3]. Web pages need to be preserved for the future cul– tural data mining.
Archiving the Internet is becoming very important and several numbers of institutions have created
archives to preserve websites. However, to our knowledge we could not find any Arabic institute
that specializes in collecting and preserving Arabic web pages.
This growth in users of Arabic web pages requires some statistical overview of Arabic websites that
exist in the live web, how far do they exist, how much of it is archived and how well are they
archived. To answer those
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44.
45. The Fight Scene Analysis
The first section is a representation of when the meeting of Collin and Nancy occurred in the diary. I
choose to represent this by scattering around music notes on all sides since it was sort of like a rock
concert .The uneven colorful patches all around them stands for the commotion and mix up after the
rednecks came in . This is one of the factors that cause her to have an asthma attack and he calms
her down and grabs her tightly . I drew her with her hand on him to show her being calmed down.
He makes her feel safe , this is why I drew them close .As her aunt does not come to pick her up ,she
sobs and he again comforts her closely . The bright color represents her enthusiasm for meeting such
an interesting guy to talk to . Almost like a '' brother''. This scene is important because it is the start
of her so thought love which leads to her tragedy .It also shows how he portrays a fake image ...
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I Choose to represent this by drawing two hands wine wine in them. This shows the alcohol
involved in this part. I also drew fire flames . This is to emphases the risky provocative situation in
which she was in . She was all by herself and he was getting more touchy with there .The main color
in my flames is red , this is to represent the color of passion which is what goes on as he grabs her .
As my main background , I used black, this is to show the time of day for this event , past midnight .
The word ''NO'' is in print capital letters this is to to show her disapproval when he rapes her . She
states reasons and says No. Still his response was the same there was no answer he just did it and
left. All these elements are needed because this scene is so purposeful . Its purposeful because it
shows how a simple house alone date turned into a risky behavioral situation. This really
demonstrates how her voice was ignored and Collin decided to have sex with her despite her
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46.
47. Internet Archiving Preserves The Live Web Essay
Internet archiving preserves the live web by saving snap– shots of the websites made with a specific
date which can be browsed or searched for various reasons. Its object is to save the whole web
without being in favor of a specific language, domain or geographical location. The importance of
archiving made it important to check its coverage. In this paper, we try to determine how well
Arabic websites are archived and indexed, and if the number of archived and indexed websites is
affected by by country code top level domain, geographic location, creation date and depth. We also
crawled for Arabic hyperlinks and checked its archiving and indexing.
We sampled 15092 unique URIs from three different Arabic website directories; DMOZ
http://www.dmoz.org/ World/Arabic/; a multilingual open–content directory of World Wide Web
URIs; and two other Arabic website directories named Raddadi https://www.raddadi.com and Star28
https://www.star28.com. Then, we defined the boundaries of determining if the URI is characterized
as a website written in Arabic language. We found that 7976 URIs satisfied this criteria. After that,
we performed some analysis on those Arabic URIs.
In our work we found four main findings. First, we found that 41% of Arabic websites are not
archived and that 31% of Arabic websites are not indexed by Google. Second, we found that only
6.6% of the Arabic URIs had Arabic country code top level domain where 62% of this is archived
and that 76% is indexed, and 2.3% had an
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48.
49. The Heaviness Of Internet On The Internet
Thus, communication is the single largest purpose of internet access followed by entertainment and
information search. Communication is also one of the triggers which bring users on the Internet.
57% of the users started using the internet for sending and receiving e–mails. Of late, social
networking websites have also been instrumental in getting users to use the internet regularly. 30%
of the users started their internet journey with social networking websites. Figure 1.10 5. Frequency
of Internet Access in Urban
Internet usage has seen a steep growth over last year with 54% of the active internet users accessing
Internet daily. This is indeed an encouraging trend and shows that the Internet has seeped in the lives
of many in a big way.
Figure 1.11 This growth can be attributed mainly to the increased accessibility of rich content on the
mobile phones and other handheld devices. Now, one can stay 'connected' to the Internet 24/7 and
perform more activities online than hitherto possible. Of the 17 Mn users who access the internet
daily, 34% access it several times a day. With internet literally coming within the reach of the
common man, we can expect to have 100% of the users accessing the in the internet daily.
Figure 1.12 6. Heaviness of Internet access
With the
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50.
51. Legal And Ethical Issues In E-Commerce
INTERNAL RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student : Ravi Jindal
Enrollment No. : 40915903915
Course : MBA
Batch : 2015–2017
Shift : 1ST Shift
Section : 'B'
Subject : E – Business
Subject Code : MS – 114
Topic of Assignment : Legal and Ethical issues in E–commerce
Subject Teacher's Name : Ms. Ritu Bansal
RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT
Subject: e –business Subject Code: MS – 114
Semester: II Batch: 2015–2017
Instructor: Ms. Ritu Bansal Maximum Marks: 10
Last Date of Submission: 29th March 2016
Question: Discuss the Legal and Ethical issues in E–commerce? ... Show more content on
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Ecommerce allows consumers to exchange goods and services electronically with no barriers of
time or distance. E–commerce is the marketing, buying and selling of merchandise or services over
the Internet. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge. It covers a
range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music
52. sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. The biggest advantage
of E–Commerce is the ability to provide secure shopping transactions via the internet and coupled
with almost instant verification and validation of credit card transactions. The various legal and
ethical issues in E–Commerce are discussed
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53.
54. Copyright And Copyright Of Copyright Essay
The first thing for a web site owner to consider when publishing web applications is copyright. To
protect the originality of a web site owner's work , copyright is important issue. Basically, if
someone violates one of the five exclusive rights given to copyright owner by the Copyright Act , it
is considered as a copyright infringement. These include the right to reproduce a work, the right to
develop derivative works, the right to publicly display the work, or distribute copies3. Copyright
protection is related with following elements :
The text of the site
The pictures on the site
Any clips of videos on the site
Using graphics is one of the important hallmarks of some popular web sites such as Microsoft's
"Internet Explorer" logo . In addition, text on a web site is also important part of copyright. This is
because plagiarizing text from third–parties without permission is illegal like images do. To be more
specific, copyright is an especially essential issue in several web sites of search engines such as
Yahoo and Bing, and Google. In the case of both Yahoo and Bing, they are good at dealing with
copyright infringement by disabling accounts who repeatedly infringe other's copyrights . And,
Yahoo particularly takes care of listening consumers' complaints if there are any wrong copyright
infringement reports6. However, Google automatically lower ranking of a particular web site in the
search results list if they have a high number of removal notices regardless of
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55.
56. Annotated Bibliography On The Dns
DNS is a technology used by everyone and recognized by few. When you go to a website like
Google.com, you are really going to the IP address 64.233.167.99. Your browser is able to find the
correct IP for the website, even if the IP address changes. This is all thanks to our wonderful friend,
DNS. Domain Name System (DNS) is used by everyone and is a necessity to many different
companies and people. If DNS was not around, networks would operate in a completely different
way. Not having the ability to link IP addresses to names would greatly limit networks. Image trying
to memorize external IPv4 addresses. Now image trying to memorize IPv6 addresses. DNS is used
in many different ways, but the primary use is that of an addresses book to store names to external
IP addresses. DNS works in that when you type www.csuci.edu into your web browser, it will search
for an address that matches the name. Your browser will first check the local host to see if the IP
address for www.csuci.edu is cache. If the IP address for www.csuci.edu is not cache, your browser
will then send a query over the internet to find an IP for www.csuci.edu. It will first interact with the
resolving name server or resolver for short. The resolver is most commonly your internet service
provider resolver. It will ask the resolver what IP address www.csuci.edu can be found at. The
resolver will search it cache for the IP address associated with www.csuci.edu. If it cannot find the
answer, it will then pass it
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57.
58. The Domain Name Management Industry
Introduction
The domain name management industry deals with domain name registry, transfer and management.
Domain name is unique address within the internet network, similar to a physical address in real
world. Some of the example of domain name are: google.com, apple.com or amazon.com.
The domain name management industry has thrived over last few years. Companies across the globe
are increasing their online presence, coupled with individuals' desire to establish personal web space
(Panteva, 3013). Now a day's online presence is critical for business expansion and their branding.
NAICS code of companies involved in sale of domain name management is 541511 (Custom
computer programming servers) (Panteva, 3013). Total revenue of the United States industry is
expected to reach to 3.3 billion by the year end of 2013. Annual growth of the industry from year
2008 to 2013 was 2.9 percent (Panteva, 3013). During next five years (from 2013 to 2018), it is
projected to grow at the rate of 6.2 percent (Panteva, 3013). Out of seventeen top level domains
(YLDs), ICANN has accredited 1543 registrars in one or more TLDs (ICANN, 2015).
More than 650 new gTLDs are delegated. This will create lot more opportunity in domain name
management industry. Industry is in growth life cycle state. But competition among existing players
is too high due to large number of registrars. For example, GoDaddy charges only $ 0.99 cents for
new .com registration, even though it pays $7.89 to Verisign per
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59.
60. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media
HUM/186
Social Media Paper
Candice Triplett
10/3/17
Pending which end of the information you are on, it can have its advantages and disadvantages of
being able obtain information and or having your information obtained. When someone is looking
for a new job they can do a lot of research on a company and be able to obtain a lot of information.
People can find out what the company stands for, what the company values are, along with the
number of employees they have and other businesses that they work, to name a few. On the flip side,
an employer can obtain a potential employees information as well just by doing a simple Google
search. Doing such a search can give not only a potential employer different information on you but
any random person can find your information and they can do a lot with it. With a person's
information being so easily available, a person who comes across someone else's information can
falsify that person's identity and use their credit to make purchases. Another form of being able to
easily obtain information could be referred to as having any question answered by simply going to
Google and typing in whatever your heart desires and 99.9% of the time, your question will be
answered. Having any question, you have answered with a few key strokes, could have its
downfalls, pending on what answers you are seeking.
Social media can also have its disadvantages and advantages as well. Social media
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61.
62. Description Of A Website On A Webpage Essay
Archiving
When testing if a webpage is archived and how often is it archived one important factor is when is
the webpage created. If a webpage is created in 2000 we would assume it will be archived several
times. However, if the webpage is created yesterday we would assume it might not be archived or at
least once. So here we want to figure out the creation date of our collection and make sure we have a
different variety of creation years.
One method to determine when the URIs are created is to find out when was the domain name
created. This can be done using the "Whois protocol" [14]. However, using this method we only
found 3533 creation date out of 7976 Arabic seed URIs . The oldest creation date we found using
this method in our collection of Aranic seed URIs was 1996.
Another method is the carbon date tool, it searches for creation date in the indexed search engines,
archived in the public archives, and shared in the social media and save the oldest date found as the
creation date. We have to note that creation dates obtained are just an estimate [15].
Figure 3 shows the creation date and its frequency. It shows we have a large distribution of creation
dates. And the maximum creation date was in 2005 where almost 500 websites are created.
ARCHIVE
Online websites are crawled and are archived so they can be available for any special–purpose [16].
We checked if Arabic URIs are archived using the memento web time map. We collected the
datetime map of the original website
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63.
64. Example Of Domain Name Search
The first thing that comes to mind when you start a business is to secure a domain name, which
establishes a unique identity online. But, you go online to buy one and discover your domain name
is not available.
The next step is to tweak or find related names by adding hyphen (–), underscore (_). Domain name
search often leads to confusion because domain names are not case–sensitive and some names can
be misrepresented if there is a space, punctuation or capitalization. Example, a therapist with a room
that chose therapistroom.com as an online presence can be misread as the rapist room, Who
Represents, a database for celebrities, Agents, Representatives and Agencies chose
whorepresents.com which can be misread as whore presents. In order to ... Show more content on
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When buying or registering a domain name, make sure you are the domain owner or administrative
contact, that is, it is registered under your name or company; If possible, add a current phone
number, a designated email address (such as contact@domain.com just to avoid spammers) and a
physical address or a P.O. Box. This makes it easier for users to verify your credibility with an
offline presence. There are several ways to verify a domain but the fastest way is whois.net. Also, be
careful when choosing an expired domain name. Some are usually affected by copyright or
trademark infringement, some have a history of bad representation or are banned from Google
search for violating a Google term.
After buying a domain name, what next? Domain in simple term is a plot of land. When you secure
a domain name, you secure a digital plot of land on the internet. That security comes with an
identification label to prove ownership or control. That ownership acquired from a Domain name
Registrar (such as godaddy.com, domains.google.com) does not confer outright ownership or legal
ownership of the domain but only an exclusive right of use for a particular period of time (usually
for 1 year, 2 years, 5 years or 10 years). After securing a domain name, you have to host it.
Hosting is to build a house on your digital plot of land. Without hosting or host name, you cannot
build and without a domain, you cannot host.
In a quick step, Hosting
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65.
66. Business
Management Information Systems
GEOMAPPING MISM402 School of Business Administration Summer I 2014–15
Case Study * SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Afifi * COURSE:
Management Information Systems
* SUBMITTED BY:
Name | Student ID | Maysam Katramiz | BBA131976 |
Case study
1. Identify the key software applications used by The Tea Collection. a Web site for retailers to order
clothing, design software to create the clothing, geo–mapping software to identify high–potential
sales regions based on demographics, a "back end tool" which keeps track of orders–a database. The
tea collection currently using a geographical information system and they are ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The tea collection trying their best to enter the competitive market and developing their services to
reach the goal by using the high techniques in the software and allow them to be on the top.
3. What is the main technology challenge identified in the video? How would you suggest this
challenge should be addressed?
The inspiration of their company comes from various countries. The video shows the real
combination of the computer systems and the difficulty of integrating the software applications into
a single system . Investing money would be a solution for the people working on these systems.
Everyone in the company should help each other to give more effort in high levels and also the
communications employees whose working in communications among the people working on these
systems could promote the working atmosphere .It could be suggested for a better results when they
invest or spend a bit more money in technologies and doing the research so it will avoid this despite
the fact that the organization uses 1% of its sales on the IT site .so it would help to improve the
integration of the computer systems. .
67. 4. Do you believe this company can continue to grow rapidly with the existing software and
hardware they have demonstrated in this video? Why or why not?
In my point of view and according to the information that given it considering the development of
information technologies the company could
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68.
69. Assignment Questions On Web Design
Name: Anthony Saunders
Unit 28: Website Production
Unit 20: Client Side Customisation of Web Pages
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT (2014–15)
Division: IT
Task 1: Issues in Website Design
Task1A/Unit28
Web Architecture
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or tcp/ip is the de factor standard for transmitting
dater over networks, it is the way of communication protocol used to connect hosts to the internet.
Network operating systems also have their own protocols i.e. NetWare also supports tcp/ip
Domain names are the way to identify one or more ip addresses. i.e. google.com represents lots of ip
addresses; domain names are used in URLs to identify a particular web page. Each domain name
has a suffix that indicates what top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. The suffix's are
.gov– Government agencies
.edu Educational Institutions
.org Non profit organizations
.mil Military
.com Commercial business
.net Network organizations
.ca Canada
.ta Thailand
The internet is based on ip addresses not domain names every we server requires a domain name
system to translate domain names into ip addresses.
TLD or Top Level Domain's refers to the suffix attached to domain names, and each one represents
a top level domain. i.e. .com
FQDR or fully qualified domain name is the full address for a website; it includes a domain name, a
host and a top –level (suffix)
URL or Uniform Resource Lactor is the global address of all documents and recourses of the World
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70.
71. Testra Case Study
We were brainstorming on storyline that can make us successful at Telstra.
Before we go into details on what would make us successful it was clear that showing just the
expected responses will certainly not impress them much. There are only 15 intents and it is highly
likely all other vendors demonstrated those.
Given that, at a high level our approach would be a combination of showing the tools superiority
and highlighting 20+ conversational inteligences.
Here are some of the items we discussed to win the Telstra deal.
1. Sophisticated live agent triggering rules
The current implementation is just dumb.
2. Comprehensive domain modeling – this includes showing the relationship among entities, in
addition to intents and entities
3. Enhanced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Learning user preferences and unlearning them on demand
5. Automatically skipping steps based on learning (user preferences)
6. Ease of integration with backend systems
7. Ease of knowledge addition
Importing documents (docx,csv etc.) is only the beginning.
We should be able to do first 2 levels of classification at a minimum.
That is the first level is to label the intents at a language level, i.e., find_info, find_distances etc.,
More base intents are here. http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/Data/QA/QC/definition.html
At level 2, we need need to use the Telco domain and extract the intents.
This is a big discussion. I leave it here for now.
72. With those 7, we will be at 22 conversational inteligences. I think we do not need any more for now.
The next 2 weeks is to work hard and polish the high priority items.
Here are some of the items from the tooling side:
a. Ability to collapse the trees at the top level.
That we only see 15 node (+greeting node at the top). We can add a button below the fit–to–window
to do this.
b. Enhanced intent/entity testing screen (In Domains tab)
c. Enhanced intent variation display screen
Summary:
Above items are in addition to doing a good job at those 15 intents.
Let us review this in more details in today's
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73.
74. DNS Essay
The Domain Name System or DNS is an international address system developed to ensure that
every computer connected to the Internet has its own address. DNS assigns addresses to Internet
web servers [10]. However, in the DNS system, that address is actually a set of numbers like
173.194.39.78. This set of numbers is called the computer's Internet Protocol (IP) address.
The Domain Name System is most often described as the Internet's phone book or address book. All
of us Internet users use it on daily basis without even realizing it. Its basic task is to convert human–
readable website name like coursera.org into its computer–readable numerical IP address like
107.21.240.231.Since such strings of numbers are difficult for humans to memorize, DNS allows
you to assign a domain name, such as facebook.com to you IP address. So, the domain name is
simply an address on the Internet. It has to be unique just like physical address or phone number.
Computers (and other network devices like smartphones or tablets) use IP addresses to identify each
other on the network and route your request to the site you are trying to access. It is just like dialing
a phone number to reach the person you want to talk to, but thanks to DNS, you don't need to
maintain your own address book of IP addresses. You will simply connect via DNS server (also
called "domain name server" or just "name server"). Domain name system servers match domain
names like coursera.org to their associated IP addresses.
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75.
76. Domain Name System Or Dns Is A Mechanism For Resolving...
Domain Name System or DNS is a mechanism for resolving host names into Internet Protocol (IP)
addresses and IP addresses back into host names. This is important because personally I feel as
though it can be kind of challenging to remember IP addresses so like a phone book if you don't
know a person's number but you can remember their name it can make things a whole lot easier. So
basically DNS is essentially providing that same service to computers. Paul Mockapetris originally
designed DNS at the University of California, Irvine in 1983 but many others have helped in the
development of DNS to make it what it is today. Before that a protocol name Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was being used but a rapid growth of networks required a
new system for maintaining the host names and addresses. ARPNET was created by Dr. Jon Postel.
In 1984, a couple UC Berkeley students wrote the first Unix name server implementation. It was
called the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server. In 1985 it was revised and has since
been then it has been a widely distributed mostly on Unix systems, and which is still the most
widely used DNS software on the Internet. Before I go into more details about DNS, I will go
through a quick run through on how to install DNS. It is actually pretty simple to install/configure
DNS but you need to make sure you have the prerequisites installed before DNS can be setup.
Installing a DNS server involves adding the DNS server role to an
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77.
78. Information Technology Infrastructure Of Shiv Llc Company
Introduction
This document is a proposal for the setup and implementation of the Information Technology
infrastructure of Shiv LLC company. The document covers the technologies to be used in
implementing a multi–location infrastructure that will aid the business processes of the three
different locations of Shiv LLC which are at Los Angeles, Dallas and Houston. Owing to the
prospects of a rapid growth, the designs proposed in this document are flexible enough to allow
room for future expansion and scaling. This proposal document was prepared with an assumption
that there will be sufficient funds to procure all the equipment necessary to fully implement the
considerations put forward in the document.
Active Directory
Active directory enable computers on the same Local Area Network (LAN) to communicate with
each other. Without Active Directory, each computer on the network will operate as a standalone
computer. Shiv LLC needs active directory to connect all computers on the network to each other.
That is to say that all user's information is stored in a central place, and not on the local computers'
hard drive. A global catalog is used to control the domain; the catalog keeps a record of all the
devices registered on the network.
A server running Active Directory Domain Services is known as a domain controller. A domain
controller provides a distributed database which is used to store and manage information about
network resources and application–specific data from
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79.
80. Essay On DNS
Introduction
By using various web resources, I have gained knowledge about the DNS. The DNS is the essential
part of the Internet. DNS stands for Domain Name System. Basically, the main purpose of the DNS
is to convert or translate the Internet domain and host names to Internet Protocol Addresses and vice
versa. DNS is a "hierarchically distributed database system" that matches host names to the IP
addresses. The Domain names are alphabetical, so they are easy to remember and opposite to that, it
is hard to remember the numerical IP addresses of the various billions and billions of websites in our
brains.
History of DNS
In 1966, the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was established to connect
the research centers across ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People, in general, register for the second–level domain to differentiate themselves from other
websites.
3. Third–Level Domain
This is also called Sub–Domain, it is the portion of the domain name that appears before the
second–level domain name. The most common third–level domain name is www, but can it can be
of many other forms like blogs.xyz.com. The texts in bold is called Third–Level Domain.
How DNS works
Below I have described the few steps to provide the information about how the DNS works.
1. First, a User types a domain or web address, let's say "www.google.com" into a browser. The
browser sends a message to the network asking for help, this is called query.
2. The computer queries or contacts one of the machines that the ISP of the user has given to the
computer, called Recursive Resolvers. It either should have the IP addresses cached, or is able to go
out and recursively find it.
3. If Recursive Resolvers don't have the address, they query the DNS root name servers for the IP
address.
4. The Root name servers direct the ISP's recursive resolvers to appropriate TLD name servers by
matching the Top–Level Domain.
5. Each TLD has its own set of name servers. After the Resolver asks them for the IP address, they
refer it to more appropriate set of authoritative DNS servers by reviewing the Second–Level Domain
of the query.
6. The ISP's recursive resolver then queries the referred authoritative DNS name servers for the IP
address.
83. Expansion Of Top Level Domain
IST 618 Information Policy
Debate Notes
Expansion of Top Level Domain
AGAINST THE MOTION
Aman Shrimal
Expansion of domain name for the benefit of users and companies as proposed by Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has many major flaws. According to
Association of National Advertisers: ICANN's proposed program for increasing competition,
promoting, innovation, addressing an alleged shortage of Internet addresses and helping differentiate
products and services – is deeply flawed. (Association of National Advisers , 2011). The
justification to expand the domain name, that new gTLDs would facilitate customer search,
promotes consumer welfare, even though the registration cost for a new domain is excessively high
and would harm the brand name is flawed. The expansion of domain name will open internet for
criminal activity where felons can cyber squat in the name of trusted brands. Objections raised by
stakeholders had not been addressed adequately and the decision is mostly influenced by the parties
getting directly benefits from this program and not those going to get affected. Since beginning
ICANN is proposing introduction of new gTLDs without completing the comprehensive economic
study of the domain name registration market and, without having a completely developed
understanding of the economic realities of the domain marketplace. Thus, various communities are
raising concerns for introduction of new gTLDs. (Association of National
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84.
85. Ntpv1 Case 8. 1
DNS:
DNS is a protocol with some protocols for computers in exchanging data over the Internet.Its basic
job is to turn a user–friendly domain name like "google.com" into an Internet Protocol (IP) address
like 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 for IPv4 that computers use to identify each other on the network.Infact
Google Public DNS is largest DNS service in the world which handles more than 400 billion
requests a day. All the host devices on the internet use an identity which is called an IP Address to
establish a connection with site they are need. With the DNS service, we don't need to remember the
whole bunch of numbers stacked at each decimal point. We just use a DNS server or name server
and access the sites with specific names.And this DNS server ... Show more content on
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STEP 2 :
REQUEST THE DNS SERVERS:
Lets consider the latter case in Step 1, if the information is not stored in local devices, the computer
contacts the Internet Service Providers' DNS Servers (in recent times, Recursive DNS Servers).
These computers perform the query on behalf of the user. All the DNS servers have their own
caches, so the query ends when the information is delivered to the user.
STEP 3:
ASK THE ROOT NAME SERVERS:
If the Recursive DNS servers are not able to send the response or they don't have the enough
information for the query, then the Root name servers come into the picture. A name server is a
computer that responds to queries about the Domain names. There are 13 Root Name servers . These
servers act as a bridge in directing the query to answerable resources if it doesn't have enough
information.
STEP 4:
TOP LEVEL DOMAIN:
The Root Name servers will direct the query to the Top Level Domain for the .com which have their
own nameserver set which makes a distinction for TLD. Same as the Root Name servers, they direct
to their servers which have the information.
STEP 5 :
The Top Level domain name servers direct the query specific namerservers. There are Authoritative
servers have the information in DNS records.
STEP 6:
RETRIEVE THE INFORMATION:
The
