Similarities Between Northern And Northern Renaissance

Similarities Between Northern And Northern Renaissance
Renaissance is a great monument of the history of mankind, it represents the awakening of the Western in terms of ideology, and began to focus on the
demands mental and the pursuit of real needs. All factions in the Renaissance, the development of the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance are
the most spectacular. Both of these two factions has its own distinctive features.
Historically, Florence, Italy, is considered the birthplace of the Europe Renaissance, which had influence on the artistic style of art development in other
regions. Northern Renaissance even though studied under Italian Renaissance, but its ideology and artistic style are not the same with Italian
Renaissance.
Italy, as the pioneer of in Europe Renaissance, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the Italian Renaissance had been spread to France, the French upper class encouraged the local artists to improve and share their art with other
northern countries, thus opening the period of Northern Renaissance. Comparing with the Italian artists, the Northern artists pursuit the natural and
realistic art style. When the northern artists are creating the works of art, they focused on the details of the process, in order to make the works look
lifelike. After the processing carefully crafted, the surface of artworks, is generally considered that expressing the spirit of the artist. As for the
technology of painting, they had improved the development of painting technology by combining a few materials in painting, which means that they
did not only use tempera or oil in paintings. The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, one representative of the Northern faction, was painted by Jan van Eyck.
The reason why this painting is such well–known around the world, is the pigment composition of the painting and fine description of the scene. Thus,
the pursuit of natural style has been highly recognized by the
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An Analysis Of Miguel De Cervantes Of The Northern...
In the late–16th century, the era of Renaissance greats such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael, and countless others gave way to the emergence of the
Baroque period. In this era, lasting until the mid–18th century, those who lived hearing of the perfection and constant happiness that resulted from the
excellent discoveries and works of art of the Renaissance came to a sudden realization of reality. These men and women who lived through the
Renaissance as children demanded something new as they grew disillusioned with these promises of greatness. Eventually, this confession of the desire
for change instigated the demise of the Renaissance era, similar to John Ruskin's explanation of how humans cannot live in a world without variety and
change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A man who was often on the run from the law for getting in fights and even murder, Caravaggio did not care for the Catholic Church and even
developed a slight resentfulness towards the organization as multiple artists whose paintings were funded by the Church often did. This being
said, the Church was Caravaggio's main source of income and even bailed him out of jail on one occasion, so he reluctantly agreed to paint
biblical scenes. However, Caravaggio did little things like using prostitutes to model for his paintings, publically claiming reality as his teacher
rather than the Catholic faith and Bible, and finally by painting the underbelly of the Bible all to express his negative opinions of the Catholic
Church and the aristocracy (Erlandson). In his portrayal of dark Biblical scenes, Caravaggio also revolutionized Renaissance art by making his
paintings physically dark as well as extremely realistic, as he "portrayed sacred religious personages as real, common people, complete with bare feet
and dirt under their fingernails" (Artble). Caravaggio used shadows to darken individual parts of his paintings, or tenebrism, and the major contrast
between dark and light commonly in the background of his paintings, or chiaroscuro to achieve this physical darkness. The use of tenebrism is evident
in Caravaggio's Supper at Emmaus, in which each of the persons in the painting have

Comparing The Italian And Italian Renaissance
Carlos Andrade
October 26, 2015
Art 111
Northern Renaissance and Italian Renaissance
Differences between the Italian and Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and technological changes which swept Europe from the end of the 13 century. It was integral in
developing Europe into a powerhouse. Although, each part of Europe was subjected to different changes, there were two primary renaissances which
were most notable. They were the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Both of these renaissances had a profound impact on Europe. But they also had
some typical differences among them and each was unique in its own way.
Italian Renaissance
The opening phase of renaissance was started by the Italian renaissance. It was a period of great Cultural changes and achievement throughout Europe.
It spanned from the end of the 13 century up to about the 1600's. It marked the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern
Europe. The term renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such as Jacob
Burckhardt.
Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier
part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the
end of the century. The word renaissance (Rinascimento in

Compare and Contrast the Northern and Italian Renaissance
Italian High Renaissance artists achieved ideal of harmony and balance comparable with the works of ancient Greece or Rome. Renaissance
Classicism was a form of art that removed the extraneous detail and showed the world as it was. Forms, colors and proportions, light and shade effects,
spatial harmony, composition, perspective, anatomy – all are handled with total control and a level of accomplishment for which there are no real
precedents.
Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine artist, one of the great masters of the High Renaissance, who was also celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect,
engineer, and scientist. Leonardo fuses his subject with the landscape behind her by means of light. He called this technique sfumato ( smokiness) ...
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Although Michelangelo 's David embodies the athletic ideal of antiquity in its muscularity, here the male nude implies, as it had in classical antiquity,
heroic or even divine qualities. David also represents the power of right over might.
Raphael Sanzio or Raffaello was an Italian master painter and architect of the Florentine school in High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection
and grace of his paintings. He was also called Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello da Urbino or Rafael Sanzio da Urbino. He moved to Florence
at the age of 20, where he was exposed to Leonardo da Vinci, "whom he never ceased to admire as a mentor and father figure", and to Michelangelo.
Raphael learned from both men, but while he made use of their exploration of human anatomy, he added sentiment to his paintings.He was
commissioned by Julius II to paint some of the rooms at his palace at the Vatican. This marked a turning point, and he was only twenty–five years old.
He remained almost exclusively in the service of Julius and his successor Leo X. He painted "a series of frescoes in the papal apartments" as well as
those of the "Stanza della Segnatura, which include his vast School of Athens."
Between 1520 and 1600 a growing dissatisfaction with classical techniques and styles led artists towards developing a new movement later called

Differences Of The Italian Renaissance And The Northern...
talian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance
Differences Between The Two
The Renaissance was a period of great cultural and technological changes that swept Europe from the end of the 13th century. It was integral in
developing Europe into a powerhouse. Although, each part of Europe was subjected to different changes, there were two primary renaissances, which
were most notable. They were the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Both of these renaissances had a profound impact on Europe. But they also had
some typical differences among them and each was unique in its own way.
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance was a period of great cultural changes and achievement throughout Europe. It spanned from the end of the 13th century up to
about the 1600's. It marked the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern Europe. The term renaissance is a modern term that
was coined by historians many years after the Renaissance had already ended.
Although the origins of the Italian Renaissance can be traced to many different locations, it is important to note that different aspects of Italian culture
and society remained largely medieval during the time of the Renaissance; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century.
The word Renaissance means "rebirth", and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity (Greece and Rome) after
the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages. These changes, while significant, were concentrated in the elite, and for the vast majority
of the population life was little changed from the Middle Ages.
The Italian Renaissance is best known for its cultural achievements credited to writers, poets, artists, sculptors, and "Renaissance Men" (or women!).
Figures such as Petrarch (The "Father of Humanism"), Leonardo da Vinci (The ideal Renaissance Man known for the Mona Lisa, the Vitruvian Man,
and many more creations!), Raphael (known for his painting, The School of Athens.), Dante Alleghri (known for his work, The Divine Comedy.), and
many more are significant characters of this era and movement that contribute significantly.

Northern Renaissance
The Northern

Essay about Italian and Northern European Renaissance
Italian and Northern European Renaissance
The Italian and Northern Europe Renaissances were both an important mark in history by changing the ideals of life, thought, culture, and art of the
people's of this time. In this paper I will explain the motive for change in these cultures, including the similarities and differences of the two cultures.
The Italian and Northern European Renaissance was the marking point for leaving behind the old ways and moving into the more classical ideals and
civilizations for Italy and Northern Europe. However, Northern Europe developed their ideals more slowly then Italy did. "For one thing, the north
held on to Gothic (or "Middle Ages") art and architecture with a tighter, longer grip ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The classical aspects were used to humanize the Christian and secular buildings. The High Renaissance in Italy, although short lived, was extremely
important on the influences of future Italian art. During the High Renaissance the main focus on Florence, for the arts, shifted to Rome due to the
power and wealth from the popes. Because of the move from Florence to Rome, the two most important factors of this time, Classicism and Christianity,
were merged into one. "Italian ideas were also brought northward through trade and commerce into Europe, where they had a tremendous amount of
influence on the artistic traditions there as well" (Benton & DiYanni, 2008). Both the Italian and Northern European Renaissance had interest in
changing their ideals in individualism, humanism, and classicism, which has a large impact on their cultures, and arts. Many of the literary works of
this time expressed the same interests between Italy and Northern Europe. Examples can be seen in the writings of Petrarch (Italian) and Michel de
Montaigne (Northern European). Both of these writers expressed the importance and idealism of humanism. The literature during this time was a
wonderful looking glass into the similarities and differences of Italy and Northern Europe. After looking at the Italian and Northern Europe
Renaissances, one can see the many similarities between the arts and cultures, but the differences of these cultures are not

Albrecht Durer 's Self Portraits
Albrecht Durer's Self–Portraits
Introduction
The life of Albrecht Durer is described as that of a person who spent it on influencing art, culture and society during the Northern Renaissance. During
his time, he represented and witnessed some of the most momentous events in the modern European history, including both cultural and religious
dimensions of the religious humanist movement1. He conceptualized the movement of Martin Luther as part of the larger matrix of religious and
theological reforms that were grounded in the humanistic study of Christianity. Since he was the first artist in the north that attempted to change the
medieval style of religious devotions to reflect new Renaissance styles and concerns, he was able to give a visual touch to a few significant changes in
the culture of Christianity. It is significant to understand the complex dimensions of the Northern Renaissance through Albrecht Durer's art as reflected
in his self–portraits.
The History of the Northern Renaissance
There are various reasons which explain why the Renaissance occurred late in the northern part of Europe. First, it was eliminated from the trade
centers and the Mediterranean culture. As a result, trade, towns and advanced ideas that came with wealth were developed slowly in the north than all
other parts of Europe2. The greater influence of the church and feudalism also kept the social, political, and intellectual institutions more backward and
medieval and this, in turn, offered more

Renaissance Vs Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance was the cultural rebirth between the fourteenth and the seventeenth centuries. It was the period after the Middle Ages and before the
Age of Exploration. The Middle Ages were a time of hardship and suffering. There was much death during the Middle Ages mainly due to the Black
Plague, Crusades, and the 100 Years War. During the Crusades people fled toItaly for safety. Once the Middle Ages were over, people desired a new
way of living. People of the Renaissance looked down upon Middle Age art and literature. They decided to revert back and study the classical pieces of
literature from the Romans and Greeks.
There is a plethora of differences between the Northern and Italian Renaissance. One being that the entire Renaissance began in Italy. The growth of
urban cities in Italy were due to the Crusades. With a lot urban cities, there will be a lot of people, and with more people there will be more ideas that
will spread. And more ideas leads to an intellectual revolution. Another difference between the two is humanism. Humanism is the study of human
achievements and potential. The Renaissance spread north because Italy was being attacked by the french. The art of the Italian Renaissance was much
more impactful than of the Northern Renaissance. The Northern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The level of artistic and architectural production during this time is astounding. So much so , that even today we still use and refer back to the ways
of the people of the Renaissance. Also the Renaissance shows us to look back in history for insights and advice. Many television shows, movies, and
video games take place or replicates events that took place during the Renaissance. It also shows us the importance of continually innovating and
changing. The Renaissance helped make Europe what it is today. The rise of the printing press helped the ideas of the Renaissance spread throughout
the entire

Changes In The Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of time from the 14Th century to the 17th century in Europe. The Tuscan city of Florence is considered the birthplace.
This era began right after the Medieval and ended up in the beginning of Modern era. The word renaissance comes from a French word meaning
"rebirth." The reason this era was name this way because many big new changed that occurred during this period, changes in the field of art,
architecture, literature, philosophy and science. This period was represented by transformation imagination and creativity. This era took inspiration
from Rome and Greece. The Northern Renaissance was the renaissance that took place in Europe north of the Alps. In the field of art the renaissance is
known for the idealization

Northern vs. Italian Renaissance Styles: A Comparison of...
Northern versus Italian Renaissance styles: A comparison of two unidentified images The most notable feature of the far left, Italian Renaissance image
is its emphasis on classicism in its design. The dome–shaped building in the background of the painting recalls that of the Pantheon of ancient Rome.
The anatomy of the figures is extremely realistic and proportional, suggesting classical Greek and Roman sculpture. There is a symmetry and
perfection in how the figures are arranged, as the man and the women are apparently exchanging rings in celebration of marriage under the auspices of
a priest. The figures have a three–dimensional quality which contributes to the idealized, yet realistic texture of the work. The rectangular pattern of the
tiles in back of the Italian Renaissance painting underlines the geometric arrangement of the figures in the foreground and the background. All of the
images of the people look carefully 'placed' by the artist. Not only was interest in classical era sculpture and architecture revived during the
Renaissance in Italy, but also interest in math and science, and the near–mathematical precision of the painting reflects this fact. In contrast, the
Northern Renaissance image on the left shows figures which are far more grotesque and disproportionate. In one side of the diptych, the bare leg of
the robed, bearded man dominates the painting and seems to be far too long for his torso. His fingers are likewise long, bony, and oddly–shaped, in

Northern Vs Northern Renaissance Essay
The Renaissance through Italian influences as well as the North played a huge role in shaping not only the countries involved, but it changed the world
in numerous ways. Through the arts and the intellectuals that brought about great ideas, this era could easily be defined as a time of rebirth for beauty
and knowledge. The Northern and Italian Renaissance revitalized and developed Europe from the Middle Ages, both areas were similar in their ideas,
but different from their timing. Throughout this time period, the differences between the Italian and Northern Renaissance were different in so many
ways. To start with, the rebirth of Italy came at the beginning of the 1300s whereas France's began about a 100 years later, and England came around ...
During this time of rebirth common concepts were shared widely through these territories such as humanist ideas and individualism. Humanist ideas
really showed up first in the Italian rebirth with Giovani Pico della Mirandola in his Oration of Dignity of Man; in that he discussed man as a
marvelous creature and that people could determine their own destiny. The English too appreciated the works of Mirandola, Sir Thomas Moore even
went as far to write a biography about Mirandola. The author considered Mirandola to be a huge influence in the Italian movement; More was an
English scholar who mastered in humanist curriculum. Individualism was an influential part in the Renaissance in both the North and Italy. The
reason for this was the economic potential which helped stimulate individualism. Even though secular ideas were a big part of this time of rebirth,
religion still dominated a lot of the artistic themes in both the North and Italy. Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling in the Vatican City
(Italy) depicted religious settings and could be considered one of the most famous pieces of art during the Renaissance. Even bigger than
Michelangelo was Leonardo Da Vinci and one of his late painting called St. John the Baptist, a religious painting. Although born in Italy, Vinci moved
to when King Francis I called upon him to bring his great ideas to

Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait: Northern Renaissance
Artifact: Arnolfini Portrait The Arnolfini Portrait was a painting made by Van Eyck, one of the most significant artists of the Northern Renaissance and
the Early Renaissance. This artifact was painted during the Northern Renaissance and it shows humanism as well as secularism in a plethora of ways.
These two concepts were important during the Renaissance because these concepts dominated this period since the Renaissance was a time of "rebirth"
and it was the revival of art and learning. During this time people began to focus on human achievement and potential. In addition, people think in
different ways since they began to reduce the amount of time and thought they spent on religion. They still had faith, but they now lived a life by
exploring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The man is an Italian Merchant who worked in Burgues, which was a town that thrived economically in the 15th century. In the painting, a married
couple is probably greeting the visitors that can be seen through the mirror in the back, one of them said to be Van Eyck. In the painting, it is thought
that a sacred event is occurring and much wealth can be seen from their clothing to the objects in the house or the furnishing. A plethora of attention
is given to these two people because of the way they are dressed in such heavy clothes, perhaps their best winter wear, even though it appears to be a
warmer season because the tree outside the window has fruit on it. Not to mention that the detail on this portrait is incredible, you can see the small
cuts on the robe the woman is wearing as well as the texture of the lace. In addition, the fur–lined clothing the man is wearing is seen as soft and thick.
Overall, their clothes is fashionable and is not clothing that everyday people would of had during that period. On the other hand, there are objects
around the house that represent their wealth too such as the chandelier, the oranges, the beautiful, detailed mirror, and the carpet. The oranges were
expensive during the Renaissance and since the oriental carpet was imported from other places somewhere else, it was expensive and tended to only
be seen in kingly places. Finally, since the mirror had so much detail and it was not easy to make them back then, they were also expensive. Overall,
their wealth is the center in the

Italian Vs Northern Renaissance Essay
The Italian and Northern Renaissance share a few common things in terms of their artwork. However, they also have many differences. I will be
focusing on the differences between these two renaissances. Some of the differences include the main forms of medium that they used, their subject
matter, and what each era was known for. I will be talking about these three differences, and will also provide examples. First, would be the different
kinds of mediums that each renaissance preferred. Now while both of them had an emphasis on painting they each preferred a different kind. The
Italian Renaissance mainly did fresco paintings (painting pigments on wet plaster) (ex. The Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo), while the
Northern Renaissance did oil paintings on panels (ex. Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck). One of the reasons behind this would be that during the
Italian renaissance, paintings were seen as a luxury item that mainly royalty, and nobility owned and commissioned the paintings. Also, because they
were seen as a luxury item, and had value they were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case there is one similarity and that is that both renaissances painted religious themes, however, that was brought to and end later on in the
Northern Renaissance. They did paint different subject matter though. As mentioned in the last paragraph the Italian Renaissance paintings were
done for royalty, and nobility. It does not just end there though; they also mainly painted royalty and nobility (ex. Portrait of Pope Julius II by
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino), which is different than the Northern Renaissance, which was known for painting portraits of people (ex. Ersamus of
Rotterdam by Hans Holbein the Younger). This one is for the same reason, which is that the nobles had the money to pay for the paintings; also they
would offer patronage to many painters so a lot of them may have been close friends of some of the

Compare and Contrast Italian Renaissance Painting and...
Before you can compare and contrast the art of the Italian Renaissance to the artworks of the Renaissance in the North, you have to understand the
roots of the Renaissance. Renaissance has a special meaning, referring to a period of the grand florescence of the arts in Italy during the 14th century
and progressed and migrated, in the 15th and 16th centuries, to Northern Europe. The Renaissance was stimulated by the revival of the classical art
forms of ancient Greece and Rome. The "re–birth of knowledge," better known as the Renaissance, can be contributed to the teachings of the
Humanists at the time. Francesco Petrarch took little interest in his legal studies, and much rather preferred to spend his time learning about the classical
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike their wealthy Italian counter parts, the merchant patrons of Italy were keener on fresco paintings, sculpture and architecture. A difference that
is often overlooked, but impacts and influences the Italian and Northern Renaissance enormously, are the individual climates of the each region. It is
not often taken into consideration but how hot or how cold a climate is affects the style, texture, preservation, and medium of choice of an artist. Italy
is located by the Mediterranean Sea, and in fact is geographically almost entirely engulfed by the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean, with the
exceptions of the colder regions of the Alps which lie in severe north Italy, produces a warm and damp climate for the most of the year. This warm
climate allows the Italian Renaissance artists to use a lighter paint, and in most cases lighter colors, that results in the production of the famous Frescos
that would be seen frequently through out the Italian peninsula. This was extremely different in the North, artistic style wise and obviously climate
wise. The Low Countries, France, the Duchy of Burgundy, and the Holy Roman Empire are not known to be warm. In fact, the terrain is comprised of
mountainous, forested, and rugged lands, with the overall climate being cold and wet with snow. Because of such a colder climate the idea of frescos
was unheard of, it would have been nearly impossible to paint them in such a cold climate. The northern artists

Essay On Northern Renaissance
Development of Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance in Northern Europe took place during the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The word renaissance is a French derivative for "rebirth" as
this era brought about some of the greatest changes in Northern Europe as well as the methodology artist used throughout their work. Techniques such
as engraving sculptures and oil paintings were primitive. In this era, decorative arts that portrayed everyday life were very influential. This can be
seen in many oil pieces where artists would display the wealth of their subjects by meticulously arranging objects, paying great attention to detail. Not
only did this era change the face of art, but it also came out with inventions such as the printing press and international trade. Those are just a few
examples of why the northern renaissance was a great turning point in history. The northern renaissance took off after the... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is unknown what the exact meaning of this portrait is, but there are many ideas. What we do know is this couple is already married and the male
depicted in the photo is an Italian merchant. In looking at the dГ©cor and their clothing, it is known that these two subjects are wealthy. This can
also be concluded due to the oranges on the left side of the portrait near the window as oranges were expensive in this era. If you focus on the mirror
in the back of the room, you can see that there are visitors. Around the picture frame is the passion of the Christ. Note the attention to detail in this
portrait. Van Eyck used a technique in this oil painting that hadn't been used by creating such voluminous and rich colors by applying many layers of
thin paint to get the colors you can see in this portrait. This technique is what made the colors glow as beautifully as they do. There are so many
different aspects in this photo that gives it so many layers and meaning, and that is what renaissance art was

Similarities Between Northern And Southern Art During The...
Northern and Southern art during the renaissance have some similarities and many differences. Southern artwork is filled very fine detailed pieces
of art showing off very wealthy individuals in politics or religion, but on the Northern half of Europe art shows the very rural aspect of human life.
Many of these differences can be represented by the Northern works of Piero della Francesca Resurrection and the Southern works of Pieter
Brueghal's The Census at Bethlehem. Della francesca's Resurrection depicts Jesus during the resurrection triumphantly standing over four soldiers as
they sleep in front of his tomb. The meaning of this fresco is to show how the heavens will always prevail over the human race. The picture also has
newly planted trees

Hieronymus Bosch Northern Renaissance
During the Northern Renaissance, the role of the artist and art in Northern Europe during the 16th century followed new patterns of thought that
focused on humanism, individualism, skepticism and secularism. The Northern Renaissance artists placed 'perspective', an importance of everyday
life. The theme of the Northern Renaissance was a return to the Roman culture and Greco classics. However, Netherlandish painter Hieronymus Bosch
had a perspective unlike any other painter, until 400 years later.
Bosch was a perplexing, enigmatic and mesmeric artist who painted the secular commission 'Garden of Earthly Delights." That art historians believe is
an iconography that depicts 'moral warning or a panorama of paradise lost.' This 'tryptych alterpiece' has been discussed by scholars over the years and
they have proposed 'that given the work's central themes of sex and procreation, the painting may commemorate a wedding, as marriages were a
common them of Netherlandish paintings." The glaring and prominate themes that Netherlandish artist Bosch brought to the Northern Renaissance were
The Northern Renaissance was idealistic and fervent in authenticity and the truth. They focused on clients that were financially wealthy and held
positions in some form of high power. Italian artists began to go up North to address warfare, and tutoring and education of the Italians became popular.
Education spread through diplomacy. The Italian Navy lent a big hand to the influence of moving up to the North. The Northern Renaissance trade
routes became one of the most lucrative trade businesses; however, Italy was not a unified nation. There were, however, Italian city states that followed
the freedom to express oneself; driving the artist population of small and intimate artists to connect with other parts of Northern Europe, and soon the
population of artists

Jan Van Eyck's Paintings During The Northern Renaissance
AR6_SA_U5_L4_LC
Introduction and Objective
Jan van Eyck painted portraits and religious paintings during the Northern Renaissance. He painted portraits of royalty and other wealthy people. Van
Eyck also painted religious paintings for the church. Van Eyck was one of the only NorthernRenaissance painters who could read and write. He signed
his own paintings with a clever signature. He also wrote lengthy inscriptions on his paintings. Van Eyck's work is still copied today.
Today's lesson objective is: The student will analyze the works of Jan van Eyck, identify specific materials and techniques utilized within his works,
and critically evaluate those works.
Consider the paintings that made Jan Eyck famous. How were they different from other Northern Renaissance paintings? Think about the different
types of paintings that Van Eyck did and what made these paintings memorable. Open your digital notebook and describe your learning plan for this
lesson. Page from the TrГЁs Belles Heures de Notre Dame de Jean de Berry
LINK: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:14th–century_painters_–_Page_from_the_TrГЁs_Belles_Heures_de_Notre_Dame_de_Jean_de_Berry_–_WGA16015.jpg
Instruction, Modeling and Student Activities
[DOK 1: Jan van Eyck's portraits]
As the official painter, Jan van Eyck was requested ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His most famous portrait is The Arnolfini Portrait. His most famous religious painting is called The Adoration of the Lamb and it is a panel painting.
Van Eyck created different signatures and inscriptions that he wrote on his paintings. This made his paintings more memorable and left no question as
to who painted them. Van Eyck's artwork is

The Northern Renaissance And The Spirit Of The Northern...
The Northern Renaissance began in the fifthteenth century, catalyzed by the end of the Bubonic Plague, a commercial revolution which brought
economic prosperity, and the ideas brought by Italian artists fleeing from French invaders. Northern Europeans quickly accepted Italian art, who
combined their traditions with Italian concepts to celebrate realistic portrayals in their paintings. The surge of creativity in Flanders, the hub of the
Northern Renaissance, at the time embodied the spirit of the Renaissance, which celebrated inventiveness, as well as exploring new ideas. Jan Van
Eyck, a Flemish painter born in the late fourteenth century, lived at the beginning of the Northern Renaissance, in which he created many famous
paintings such as the Ghent Altarpiece, The Arnolfini Portrait, and The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin. Jan Van Eyck's training in Flanders allowed the
painter to procure important court positions, in which he embodied the creative spirit of the Renaissance by mastering the techniques of realism and
intense detail within his painting The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, and the Eyckian technique of oil painting influenced many other painters of the
time as well as modern artists.
Jan Van Eyck trained with his brother in Flanders, where he secured high courtly positions, which allowed him the freedom to further his mastery and
worldview, embodying the Renaissance spirit. Training with his brother, Hubert Van Eyck, allowed Jan Van Eyck to master painting. Jan and

Northern Renaissance Art
The idea that the Reformation was not just a religious movement, but an extension and/or development of the Renaissance was easily depicted during
the Middle Ages. The term Reformation implies renewal and/or rebirth which was an apparent theme during the Renaissance. This can be seen in the
art work of Renaissance artists as the influence of classical subjects and themes were revived. Additionally, the idea of individuality and humanism
were also key parts of the Renaissance as well as the Reformation. Furthermore, teaching that the work of justification in our lives is work of grace,
greatly influenced the work ethic of the people during the Northern Renaissance. Therefore, it's clear to see that although the Reformation's major focus
was

Importance Of The Northern Renaissance
Mainly, the Northern Renaissance happened in regions of Eastern Europe. Throughout that time, there was an importance on the lives of peasants. A
significant importance was put on living a simple life. As a result, artists like Pieter Bruegel the Elder did paintings such as "Haymaking." It showed
regular peasants conducting out their usual day to day duties. Remember that the Northern Renaissance came in later.
The Italian Renaissance, its importance was more towards the wealthy class that were the aristocrats. Paintings were enhanced, detailed, and revealed
how rich and powerful people were. Due to a lot of commerce that was going on throughout the time of the Italian Renaissance, mainly in the
Mediterranean. As a result, people were turning

Northern Humanism, Renaissance, and Late Mannerism
During the sixteenth century, Europe was undergoing changes and developing two artistic styles, as well as a religious situation. These styles were
known as the Northern Renaissance and late mannerism, also encountered by Reformation, which separated religious unity. During the Reformation,
hostile groups known as Protestants were formed against the church because they wanted a complete renovation of the church and Roman Catholics.
Late mannerism emerged at the end of the century and had little influence on Spanish literature, but overruled Spanish painting. Late mannerism also
had a dominant impact of the Counter–Reformation on arts, architecture, and music.
After Europe passed through the disastrous 'age of darkness', there were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Rabelais wrote a five–part satire titled The Histories of Gargantua and Pantagruel, in which he vigorously attacked the church's abuses and ridiculed
the clergy and theologians" (Matthews 370). However, his obscene references set him aside of northern humanism. Marguerite of Angouleme expressed
views similar to those of Protestants, that were sexual tales in which gratified the social class during its time. The Dutch Scholar, Erasmus, is
considered one of the most influential figures among humanists. His work promoted the philosophy of Christ and dignity of the individual.
Consequently, Erasmus got into conflict with Roman Catholics and Protestants with his foolish satires. "The Northern Renaissance produced new
attitudes for understanding the world, ranging from analyzing the structure and organization of the human body" (Matthews 372). The Northern
Renaissance is known for its competing styles, which helped shape the knowledge of many thinkers, writers, and artists. During this period, many
famous philosophers and writers such as Bodin, Versalius, Montaigne, and Shakespeare were known for their intelligence. Also, this period of cultural
crisis helped emerge late Gothic style paintings and drawings.
The economic growth during the age of the Renaissance was a turning point for Europe, leading it away from the horrible conditions, which existed in
the Dark Ages, into becoming a great economic region. Wealth from trade and

Northern Renaissance Research Paper
The word "renaissance" means rebirth. The Italian and Northern Renaissances created a time for change and new ideas. Taking place in Italy, the Italian
Renaissance took place in the fourteenth century. Above the Alps and in France, Germany, England, and the Netherlands, the Northern Renaissance
began in the late fifteenth century. Although the ItalianRenaissance is more widely regarded, the Northern Renaissance can be considered just as
important; the Italian and Northern Renaissances were both extremely influential to Europe's history because the two contributed to European culture as
we know it today – even with the differences between the pair.
Between the two, the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance share many of the same or similar factors. The Renaissance often focused on art,
and the two had likeness in their hubs of creativity. Inspiration flowed through both, the Italian Renaissance's coming from Florence, and the Northern's
from Flanders – a northern portion of Belgium. Some famous works from the Italian Renaissance are The Last Supper, created by Leonardo da Vinci
and David, a sculpture made by Michelangelo. Jan van Eyck, a famous artist from the Northern Renaissance, created many well known works,
including his portrait of the Arnolfini marriage. Classical literature was studied and referenced to in both of the renaissances. Classical literature is
known as all Greek, Roman, and biblical literature before the time of the renaissances. Examples of what were studied would be Politics by Aristotle,
On the Republic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The guild system was used to teach people a new craft by having a group of teachers and mentors to help those in learning. Many inventions were
created during both, the most well known being the printing press of the Northern Renaissance by Johannes Gutenberg, and a lesser known being the
barometer, created by Evangelista Torricelli during the Italian

Albrecht Durer 's Self Portraits
Albrecht Durer's Self–Portraits
Introduction
The life of Albrecht Durer is described as that of a person who spent it on influencing art, culture and society during the Northern Renaissance. During
his time, he represented and witnessed some of the most momentous events in the modern European history, including both cultural and religious
dimensions of the religious humanist movement1. He conceptualized the movement of Martin Luther as part of the larger matrix of religious and
theological reforms that were grounded in the humanistic study of Christianity. Since he was the first artist in the north that attempted to change the
medieval style of religious devotions to reflect new Renaissance styles and concerns, he was able to give a visual ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, the revival of trade and towns in the north, which were combined with several other factors, brought the wave of Renaissance to northern
Europe. First, there was a revival of the urban centers in the north along with the Spanish and Portuguese that brought overseas colonies that created
financial resources, which are required to patronize arts3. Secondly, the growth of trade in the north that was combined with the Italian invasion by the
French, as well as the ability of the printing press to spread ideas accurately and quickly, led to the growing contact with the Italian Renaissance ideas.
Lastly, the rise of towns together with the increase in national monarchies in England, France, Spain and Portugal led to the decrease in feudal nobility
and the medieval church. It, therefore, reduced the resistance of new ideas from the Renaissance. However, the northern Renaissance should not be
viewed as an imitation of the Italian Renaissance because there are two major differences in the cultural movements that existed between the north and
Italy. First, the church had a lot of influence despite being shaken by scandals and corruption. Second, the rising power of national monarchies and
power also made the northern Renaissance more nationalistic in nature.
The Renaissance and Classical Culture
The Northern and Italian Renaissance had cultural differences whereby countries in the north of the Alps were short

Similarities Between Northern And Italian Renaissance
PBS Interview on Italian and Northern Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance, in the 1300s and 1600s, is more significant than the Northern Renaissance, which started after the Italian Renaissance was in
countries North of Italy. The reason that the Italian Renaissance was more significant was because it was portrayed as a reintroduction to classic arts
and large discoveries, as compared to the Northern Renaissance which had many religious changes and technical advances. The Italian Renaissance was
centered around the rebirth of classic Roman and Greek arts and studies. One of the main ideas that developed in the Italian Renaissance was
Humanism. Humanism started in Italy because the Father of Humanism named Petrarch lived in Italy. Humanism is the idea that humans can attain
happiness and should individually strive for achievement in life. A key characteristic of humanism includes a belief in the worth of individual life.
Humanistic scholars studied philosophy, literature, and history of classical civilizations. Prior to humanism, the population lived underneath the
feudalistic social system. Humanism changed the view of life by promoting the idea that man could choose to use the logic provided by God and that
people do not have to dedicate their lives to the church at the expense of happiness. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Galileo created a telescope and turned it to the sky. As a result of his observations, our solar system was seen in a way that had never been
imaginable before. He discovered that the Earth was not at the center of the solar system, but instead the earth revolved around the sun. Prior to this
discovery, the church adopted the idea that the Earth was at the center of the solar system and everything revolved around it. This discovery altered
our view of science and the church in large and small

The Northern Renaissance In Europe And The Renaissance
Historically, there was economic, social order, and governmental upheavals that occurred before the renaissance began such as the spread of the
Bubonic Plague in the 14th century. The beginning of the renaissance was introduced by the Italian renaissance since they experienced a period of
academic changes throughout Europe. However, the Northern renaissance came along that started in France with particular types of strengths and traits
involved. Equally important, the Northern renaissance was the expansion of goals, mainly from Italy and then to the rest of Northern Europe while the
Italian renaissance was more secular. For that reason, social with political improvement led to the values of christianity and the reform of the church.
Before there was a rebirth in Europe, there was instability that resulted into deaths, famine, and destruction. Therefore, the renaissance played a
crucial role in Europe, specifically in Italy. The renaissance would be defined as a cycle where Europe practiced a rebirth of antiquity based on the
Greeks and Roman culture. For instance, the people of Italian Europe studied religion and the Northern people established several teachings of
learning on topics of technology, philosophy, and science. Wherefore, the social status of artists changed since advanced ideas of art was always
available in Europe l throughout the Renaissance. This had an impact on the church to be more stabilized because of how their power was drained in
the past. In addition,

The Central Themes Of The Italian Renaissance And Northern...
Beginning in Italy in the 14th century, the Renaissance was a period of "rebirth" and immense social and cultural change in Europe. The influential
historian, Jacob Burckhardt, discussed the idea that the Renaissance marked the origin of modern times, in which the focus of life shifted from solely
religion to a higher emphasis on learning and rationality. In his book, "The Civilization of the Renaissance," Burckhardt recognizes "worldliness" as
one of the most essential features of the Renaissance. He claims that with this new attitude, there is an "irresistible impulse [that] forces us to the
investigation of men and things," as "the proper end and work" of humanity (421). Considering Burckhardt's sense of worldliness, as well as regional
differences across Europe, it is evident that European society did become more "worldly" during the years between 1415 and 1600, as secular pursuits,
materialism, the humanities, and the arts became important values of the time. Although the central themes of the Italian Renaissance and Northern
Renaissance varied, there was a shared common ground, and each reflected worldliness in unique ways. Firstly, the Italian Renaissance placed a
higher emphasis on the enjoyment of and indulging in worldly goods. Famous Italian humanist, Leon Battista Alberti, claimed that money is "the root
of all things" and that while it is great to know how to make money, "it is even better to know how to spend it sensibly and in the right place" (102, 580).

During the early stages of Europe, the Renaissance became an age of change and intellectual advancements for all civilization. Many of history's
brilliant thinkers can attribute their thoughts and beliefs to this time period. Even though the Renaissance is often grouped as a whole, there were two
different locations of such change, one considered "Italian" and the " Northern". The Italian and Northern Renaissance contrast in the way that the
Northern Renaissance focuses on religious aspects of life and the Italian Renaissance is more secular in its focus of art and literature rebirth. Yet both
remain similar in that they both developed similar views on ideas such as revamping social norms or the new idea of humanism. This area of the world
Even though the two movements were different, both were similar in that they were focused around similar ideals. Humanism was one of the most
prominent reasons.Humanism which emphasized individualism as well as classicalism influenced thinkers all over Europe and generations to come.
Humanism preached that people should " be a jack of all trades" rather than a particular occupation because the importance of liberal arts presided
in this period. Humanism was practiced in both regions of the Renaissance, as shown by writers such as Erasmus. New, innovative ideas of people,
and the way they act and feel, were used in the artwork of both as well, shown by the work of Leonardo Da Vinci. The criticism of authority and the
way the government was operated, and was challenged by philosophers such as Tomas Moore in his novel of how society should be in order for
perfection in "Utopia" and Nicole Machiavelli's ideas of governing in an authoritative manner in his book "The Prince". All of these things were made
possible due to Gutenberg's printing press, to transmit thoughts and ideas. Although the movements were different in forms of approach the ideas of
change steamed from the same branch, so to

Compare Northern Renaissance Art To The Landscape Art Of...
I am going to compare Northern Renaissance art to the landscape art of the Chinese. Northern Renaissance worked with realistic detail and focused on
symbolic imagery more than on the replication of nature. Landscape painting was popular in the Northern Renaissance era using landscape as the
subject of art. This is comparable to the landscape paintings of the Chinese. Their paintings were meant to be read from bottom to top and often had a
high point of view. These paintings were full of ambiguity and indirect meaning. Their landscape paintings featured mountains in the middle and
background with water dominating the foreground. If any figures were included, they were small and insignificant.
Pieter the Elder Bruegel's painting, Landscape with

Italian And Northern Renaissance Similarities
The Northern Renaissance was famous for its advanced oil painting techniques, realistic, expressive altarpiece art, making portraits on wooden panel
paintings, as well as woodcuts and other forms of printmaking. Stone sculpture was not popular, but wood–carving was a German specialty. Prior to the
1500s, Renaissance art in Italy had almost no effect on development of painting and sculpture in Northern Europe. Even after the 1500s, the High
Renaissance blossomed. Issues like religion, politics, climate and differing artistic traditions, tended to minimize the uptake of cultural ideas from
Florence and Rome.
The Italian Renaissance re–established Western art, especially Greek sculpture and painting, which provided much of the basis for the Grand... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many think that his wife is pregnant, but she is not. She is just holding up her full–skirted dress in a contemporary fashion. Arnolfini came from family
of merchants from Lucca living in Bruges. The couple are shown in a nice environment that looks pretty expensive and seem to be wearing nice
clothes, which makes them appear to be wealthy. The work is known to be one of the most impressive paintings during the Northern Renaissance
because of how detailed it is. Some of the details noticed by many are the little hairs sticking out of the dog, the type of cloth on their clothing, and the
material of the clogs in the bottom left–hand corner. There are a lot of questions surrounding the Arnolfini Portrait because Jan van Eyck wrote on the
portrait himself that it was made in 1434, but if the portrait was supposed to be of him and his wife, that didn't make sense. Many believed that this
painting may have symbolized that he had moved on and had a new woman in his life to love because his wife had died in

Jan Van Eyck's Influence On The Renaissance
Jan van Eyck, also known as Johannes de Eyck, was an early Flemish painter acknowledged for helping with the commencement of the Northern
Renaissance. Jan van Eyck, most commonly recognized for his role in painting for Philip the Good, Duke of Normandy, has hundreds of finished and
unfinished works, all equally complex and intricate. His most well known works include, the Arnolfini Wedding, Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,
Portrait of a Man, and the Annunciation. While he frequently painted and portrayed religious figures, van Eyck also painted nobles and other
prestigious figures throughout Europe. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that began in Italy shortly after the Black Plague devastated Europe
in the fourteenth century. It marked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Van Eyck redundant technique allowed him to incorporate religious symbols and even obvious designs such as writing his name in calligraphy. In the
Madonna of Chancellor Rolin, the perfection of the painting demonstrates his understanding of universal symbolism and his belief that god created a
world of divine perfection, which he portrays in the perfection of the painting. Symbolism, a technique uncommon before van Eyck, provides historians
with insight into his personal religious values and morales. His innovation added to the Renaissance culture and the idea of individualism, and helped
define 'The Spirit of the Renaissance.' Jan van Eyck's art often portrays subjects using common aesthetic principles of naturalism. According to
Giovanni Sanzio, father of the painter Raphael, van Eyck challenged nature with his frequent use of symbolism and

Northerners And Durer Essay
Venetians and Northerners certainly had a complex relationship as illustrated in the primary source of Durer's (at times amusing) letters to his friend.
Durer seemed to have a rocky relationship with Venetians artists, who were known to criticize his work even though they frequently borrowed his
ideas. This could be out of jealousy or wariness of competition as it seemed that Durer became fairly successful with receiving commissions during his
stay in Venice. Durer heaps praise onto Giovanni Bellini; however, the German artist is not immune to stating his own criticism as well, as he tells his
friend that Venetian historical paintings are "nothing extraordinary" and "always the same thing" (Durer 18). Others Venetians appeared to be quite
nice to him, but he did have quite a bit of bad luck with some precious stone merchants in the city.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The collection of laws concerning Germans points to conflict between the Venetian government and the German population. The Venetian government
placed regulations on Germans living in Venice and the exchange house, such as how many chests German merchants could own and where they
could be placed, for the "sake of good order" (Chambers and Pullan 329). There also was outrage over the "heretical" Germans by the Catholic
Venetians, who claimed that "to allow so much freedom to Germans in the middle of the city is to nurture a viper in their own bosom" (Chambers and
Pullan 331). There was a level of distrust amongst the two populations, which led to the Venetians to micromanage the Germans through these

Northern Renaissance Art Analysis
The general perception of an ideal male and female type changed with each passing time period. This was evident in the portrayal of male and female
characters in Northern and Italian Renaissance art. In the Northern Renaissance, two pieces of work stood out in their depiction of the ideal male or
female. The first of these is the Arnolfini Wedding Portrait by Jan van Eyck. This painting is very representative of the ideal female type during the
Northern Renaissance. The second is a painting by Petrus Christus, known as A Goldsmith in His Shop. His rendition of multiple male characters in
the piece hints at the perception of the ideal man during the Northern Renaissance. For the Italians, the portrayal of the ideal male or female differs.
During the Italian Renaissance, the ideal man is represented in Michelangelo's David. The ideal female is clearly evidenced in Sandro Botticelli's
Birth of Venus. Together, these four pieces of art allude to the stereotype of the perfect man andwoman during the Northern and Italian Renaissance. ...
Van Eyck was a Flemish painter from 1390– 1441. He was very well known for his advanced skill in naturalistic portraiture. He completed the
Arnolfini Wedding Portrait in 1434. The portrait depicts Giovanni Arnolfini, a financier for the Medici family, with his second wife. The painting
was made with oil glaze on a wood panel. It is widely accepted that this painting also served the purpose of legally documenting their marriage. This
is evidenced by the mirror at the convex mirror at the rear of the room. The reflection in the mirror shows the backs of the couple, van Eyck, and a
priest. Van Eyck was likely a witness to the marriage, which is further evidenced by an inscription above the mirror that reads "Jan van Eyck was

Why Did The Renaissance Come From Northern Europe?
Why did the Renaissance come later to northern Europe than to Italy and what were its distinctive characteristics?
The Renaissance, a term coined by Giorgio Vasari in 1550 , is used to describe the period of cultural and intellectual change which started in Italy and
then spread across the rest of Europe. This development in society led to Europe stepping out of the medieval era and becoming a powerhouse on a
global scale. The Italian Renaissance is what the majority of people think of when thinking about the Renaissance period but that was just the starting
point. The Italian Renaissance changed as it spread across Europe, creating a French Renaissance, an English Renaissance and a Northern
Renaissance. The focus of this essay is the Northern Renaissance, discussing why it arrived later to northern Europe and what distinguishes it from
the Italian Renaissance. A key factor as to why the Renaissance was later in arriving in northern Europe is due to its location. Northern Europe was
further removed from the centres of trade in the Mediterranean. As a result trade and progressive ideas that come with wealth developed more slowly
in the north of Europe. The cities of Milan, Florence, and Venice had become very successful during the end of the Middle Ages. Northern Italy was
able to lead the Italian Renaissance due to the Mediterranean, the central location for trade. They controlled trade with Asia mostly through the silk
road and also through importing spices

The Italian and Northern Renaissances' happened about the same time in the 15th century but the Italian Renaissance is the more famous of the two.
The Italian Renaissance is well known because of artists' like Michelangelo while the Northern Renaissance is well known because of artists like Jan
Van Eyck. Although there are many differences in the two renaissances' there are also a few similarities between them. Both of the Renaissances had
distinct artists' hubs or centers. The Italian's was in Florence and the Northern Renaissance was in Flanders, Belgium and then eventually Germany. The
Renaissances' in both parts of Europe had patronage–minded families; the Italian had the Medici family and the Northern had the Dukes of Burgundy.
But

Social Changes In Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance was an artistic advancement era of astonishing beautiful structures and artwork that flourished all over Europe. The Renaissance
marked a new period in the appearance of creativity, thus changing Europe. As the Renaissance began spreading northward out of Italy it began mixing
and combining new ideas, creating a Northern Renaissance. The social changes in Italy were inspired by humanism. Italian artist, writers, and
philosophers were motivated to study classical antiquity, and explore the importance of individuality. They had the belief that humanism led to more
worthy people. Not having any ancient work to depend on, northern beliefs were more concerned with religious enhancement. Believing Rome had
drifted too far from Christian

The Northern Renaissance Style In The North
In comparison to the renaissance in Italy, the style in the North takes a slightly different form. The Italian art, created in greater proximity to Rome,
often exhibits stronger classical and unobscured religious elements. Meanwhile, Northern works take almost an entirely opposite approach. Early on
the influence of Gothic styles remain noticeable. Later, humanity takes precedence and theological themes are subtly integrated into landscapes and
environments that are otherwise entirely contemporary and relatable to the immediate audience. Artists from the north also engaged in a greater
prolificity of secular works such as portraits. We will look at a couple examples from this setting.
The northern renaissance yielded an increasing quantity of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The introduction of oil painting was one thing that made it easier for long lasting works to exist outside of a church or architectural setting. Today we
do not have whatever quantity exists prior to oil because works that were not on the wall of a church would decay over time. Nuremberg painter
Albrecht DГјrer produced this 1500 self portrait among many for other individuals as well. The work is as much a picture to portray himself as it is a
display of his artistic ability. He signs it it at eye level writing explicitly that he painted this of himself at age 28. DГјrer is facing straight out from the
painting at the viewer directly, as if he was speaking what the text said. The text also declares that he painted himself in "appropriate colors",
indicating he very specifically intended to fabricate a real life perspective of his appearance. Color, tone, and fine details are used to portray realistic
and specific details. The skin and facial features are extremely life–like, and the portrait does not portray him specifically as an artist, which probably
necessitates the explicit statement in text.

Similarities Between Northern And Northern Renaissance

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Similarities Between Northern And Northern Renaissance