HBHD13e - Ch16

Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 16
The Lymphatic System and
Lymphoid Tissue
Chapter 16
The Lymphatic System and
Lymphoid Tissue

Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Overview

Key Terms
adenoid lymphadenopathy MALT
chyle lymphangitis spleen
GALT lymphatic duct thymus
lymph lymph node tonsil
lymphadenitis lymphoma

The Lymphatic System
• System of tissues and vessels
• Scattered throughout the body
• Services almost all regions

Functions of the Lymphatic System
Learning Objective
1.List the functions of the lymphatic
system.

Lymphatic Circulation
Learning Objectives
2.Explain how lymphatic capillaries
differ from blood capillaries.
3.Name the two main lymphatic
ducts, and describe the area drained
by each.

Lymphoid Tissue
Learning Objective
4.Name and give the locations of five
types of lymphatic tissue, and list the
functions of each.

Disorders of the Lymphatic System
Learning Objective
5.Describe four lymphatic system
disorders.

Case Study
Learning Objective
6. Cite the causes and symptoms
of infectious mononucleosis, as
described in the case study that
opens this chapter.

Word Anatomy
Learning Objective
7.Show how word parts are used to build words related
to the lymphatic system.

Three Main Functions
•Fluid balance (lymph)
•Protection
•Absorption of fats

Figure 16-1
The lymphatic system
in relation to the
cardiovascular system.
What type of blood
vessel receives
lymph collected
from the body?
Functions of the Lymphatic System (cont.)

(cont.)
✓
Checkpoint
16-1 What are the three functions of the lymphatic
system?

Lymphatic Circulation (cont.)
• One-way system
• Begins in tissues
• Ends in bloodstream

Lymphatic Capillaries
•Capillary walls (endothelium) are flattened epithelial
cells.
•They are more permeable than blood capillaries.
•Overlapping cells form one-way valves.
•They arise blindly (closed at one end).
•Lacteals absorb digested fats.

Figure 16-2 Lymphatic drainage in the tissues.
Functions of the Lymphatic System (cont.)

Lymphatic Vessels
•Superficial and deep sets
•Right lymphatic duct
•Thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)
– Cisterna chyli

Figure 16-3 Vessels and nodes of the lymphatic system.
What are some nodes that receive lymph drainage from the
breast?
Lymphatic Circulation(cont.)

Movement of Lymph
•Movement of lymph toward the heart caused by:
– Valves in lymphatic vessels
– Contraction of lymphatic vessels
– Skeletal muscle contraction
– Breathing

✓
Checkpoints
16-2 What are the two differences between blood
capillaries and lymphatic capillaries?
16-3 What are the two main lymphatic vessels?

?
Pop Quiz
16.1 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
lymphatic vessels?
A) They have thin walls.
B) They are blind-ended.
C) They can contract to propel lymph.
D) They transport lymph to the tissues.

?
Pop Quiz Answer
16.1 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of
lymphatic vessels?
A) They have thin walls.
B) They are blind-ended.
C) They can contract to propel lymph.
D) They transport lymph to the tissues.

Lymphoid Tissue (cont.)
• Distributed throughout the body
• Makes up specialized organs of the lymphatic system

Lymph Nodes
•Cervical nodes
•Axillary nodes
•Tracheobronchial
•Mesenteric nodes
•Inguinal nodes

Figure 16-4 Lymph nodes.
What type of lymphatic vessel carries lymph into a node?
What type of lymphatic vessel carries lymph out of a node?
Lymphatic Tissue (cont.)

The Spleen
•Cleanses blood
– Filtration
– Phagocytosis
•Destroys old red blood cells
•Produces red blood cells before birth
•Is a reservoir for blood

Figure 16-5 Location of lymphoid organs.

The Thymus
•Plays a key role in early immune system development
•Produces thymosin
– T-lymphocyte cells mature in the thymus.
•Shrinks after puberty

Other Lymphoid Tissue
•Appendix
•Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
– Important barrier against infection
– Found in portions of the digestive, respiratory, and
urogenital mucosal linings
– Helps to destroy foreign contaminants by means of
phagocytosis and production of antibodies
•Examples include:
– Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
• Peyer patches, appendix, tonsils

The Tonsils
•Protect against ingested or inhaled contaminants
•Trap pathogens
•Examples:
– Palatine tonsils
– Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
– Lingual tonsils
•Surgery to treat if recurrent infection or enlarged tonsils
make swallowing or breathing difficult

Figure 16-6 The tonsils.

✓
Checkpoints
16-4 What is the function of the lymph nodes?
16-5 What does the spleen filter?
16-6 What kind of immune system cells develop in
the thymus?
16-7 What is the meaning of the acronyms MALT and
GALT?
16-8 What is the general location of the tonsils?

?
Pop Quiz
16.2 Lymph from the arm and breast passes through
which of the following?
A) Inguinal nodes
B) Cervical nodes
C) Axillary nodes
D) Tracheobronchial nodes

?
Pop Quiz Answer
16.2 Lymph from the arm and breast passes through
which of the following?
A) Inguinal nodes
B) Cervical nodes
C) Axillary nodes
D) Tracheobronchial nodes

Disorders of the Lymphatic System (cont.)
Disorders Related to Infection
● Lymphadenopathy
● Lymphadenitis
● Infectious mononucleosis
● Lymphangitis
Lymphedema
● Elephantiasis

Figure 16-7 Infectious mononucleosis.

Figure 16-8 Lymphatic disorders.

• Splenomegaly
• Lymphoma
– Hodgkin lymphoma
– Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Figure 16-9 Reed-Sternberg cell.

✓
Checkpoints
16-9 What is lymphadenopathy?
16-10 What condition results from blockage of lymph flow?
16-11 What is the medical term for enlargement of the
spleen?
16-12 What is lymphoma, and what are the two examples
of malignant lymphoma?

?
Pop Quiz
16.3 What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
A) A benign tumor of the lymph nodes
B) A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
C) A benign tumor of the spleen
D) A malignant tumor of the spleen

?
Pop Quiz Answer
16.3 What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
A) A benign tumor of the lymph nodes
B) A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
C) A benign tumor of the spleen
D) A malignant tumor of the spleen

Case Study (cont.)
Pathology of Infectious Mononucleosis
•Viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus
•B lymphocytes infected causing overgrowth
•Common among adolescents and young adults
Symptoms
•Sore throat
•Fever
•Fatigue
•Weight loss
•Enlarged spleen

Case Study (cont.)
Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis
•Confirm diagnosis with throat culture and monospot test
(blood sample)
•Plenty of rest
•Plenty of fluids

Word Anatomy (cont.)

HBHD13e - Ch16

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