Role Of The Mexican-American War In Bridging The Gap...

Role of the Mexican-American War in Bridging the Gap...
ABOLITION TO SECESSION VIA MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR 1 The Mexican–American War
(1846–1848) marked a midpoint in U.S. history that bridged the gap between the abolitionist
movement and the Civil War, which is not always recognized but is in some ways still with us today.
Teacher Eric Burnett, for example, outlines a long list of "catalysts" leading up to the Civil War
itself but omits the Mexican–American war even though the Civil War catalysts go back through the
1840s all the way back to Eli Whitney inventing the Cotton Gin in 1793 (2010, n.p.). The Mexican–
American war, however, aggravated the division between the free, abolitionist North, and the pro–
slave South, where the abolitionist Northerners saw the U.S. annexation of Texas and the lands north
of the Rio Grande after the decisive victory over Mexico, as "an attempt by the slave states to extend
slavery and enhance their power when additional slave states were created out of soon–to–be–
acquired Mexican lands" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012, n.p.). This re–opened a conflict that had
been lying dormant since the Missouri Compromise of 1820, where Missouri and any new states
south of the Missouri border would enter the Union as slave states, but anything north of Missouri
would enter as free states. This aggravated the political division that would result in the birth of the
abolitionist Republican party, and cause the imbalance between the pro–slave South, against the
anti–slavery North, that led directly to Jan. 1861
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Nursing Workforce : Emerging Nurse Shortages
With more than 7.08 billion people in the world and growing the demand for more medical services
is inevitable, along with this increase in population more registered nurses are required to help.
"According to the July 2001 report, Nursing Workforce: Emerging Nurse Shortages Due to Multiple
Factors, a serious shortage of nurses is expected in the future as demographic pressures influence
both supply and demand"; it is important we bring attention to this issue (Nursing Shortage). Nurses
are essential to providing the safest care and improvement of patients all over the world. This
profession was first discovered by Florence Nightingale, an English nurse, during the Crimean War.
She discussed the responsibilities of a nurse in a book she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
RN's practice in all healthcare settings: hospitals, medical offices, ambulances, nursing
homes,schools, retail clinics,and community health centers. Most nurses work with doctors and
other specialists (What Nurses Do). Nurses can also look after licensed practical nurses and nursing
assistants (Summary). There are many things a high school student can do if interested in pursuing a
career in nursing including taking as many science and math classes in high school as possible,
volunteering at local hospitals, shadowing a nurse,and researching colleges and their nursing
programs in advance. University of California Los Angeles, California State University, and
University of Washington are three of the hundreds of schools that have nursing programs in the
country. UCLA was founded in 1819. It offers six bachelor programs; Bachelor of Science, MSN –
Masters Entry Clinical Nurse,Master of Science in Nursing – Advanced Practice,Doctor of
Philosophy,Post–Master Certificate. The UCLA School of Nursing has 594 students which includes
238 undergraduate students, 356 graduate students, and 65 faculty members. The school has
excellent professors most of which hold a PhD. Research conducted by some professors including
Dong Sung An and Lynn Doering have found care for patients with cardiac disease and heart
transplantation and care of critically ill patients, examining hematopoietic stem cell based gene
therapy strategies for patients

California Gold Rush Research Paper
"California: From Origins to Gold Rush" The historical outline of the formation of California is
commonly portrayed as a series of romantic accomplishments shadowing the cruel reality of its
unearthing. Many people are unaware of the harsh truth that, specifically, Native Indians of the land
faced as a result of migration and colonization by Spaniards and settlers. Such migration and
colonization lead to the piñata effect, a concept developed by Dr. Daniel Cady, professor at CSU
Fresno, meaning that "as people grow, resources shrink" which leads to arguments and conflict,
commenced and became the basis of the formation of what California is today. California, a once
fecund chunk of land where Indians resided, became an arena for a cultural, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the battle royale that developed on their own land, Indians became the weakest competitor with
all odds going against them. From 1770–1900 their population had diminished from 300 K–10K,
creating a genocide many still argue about today. California did become the most diverse location in
the world, but it had a great cost to it, the assassination of a vital culture that almost led to their
extinction.
Works Cited
Cady, Dr. Daniel. California State University, Fresno. 24 Oct. 2014. Lecture.
Castillo, Prof. Edward D. "SHORT OVERVIEW OF CALIFORNIA INDIAN HISTORY."
California Native American Heritage Commission. 1 Jan. 1998. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.
<http://nahc.ca.gov/califindian.html>.
Hart, Calley. "Franciscan Missions in Alta California." Reading. California State University, Fresno.
Fresno, CA. n.d. Print.
"Origin Myths Amalgamation." Reading. California State University, Fresno. Fresno, CA. n.d.

Essay On Arizona In The 1890s
In Arizona, the 1890s marked the rise of a stronger economy, the importance of education, the slight
influence of religion, a multitude of brilliant accomplishments, and was vastly impacted by both
influential and infamous people. Historically, the 1890s was a great factor in the development of
Arizona's growth throughout the years. In fact, it was during these years that signs appeared to
suggest Arizona's eventual prosperity ("City of Phoenix History").
The decade begins in 1890, when the popularity of copper began to override that of silver
("Arizona"). Arizonans traveled all the way to California to mine for copper ("Transportation").
California was a popular state to travel for mining, in addition to agriculture ("Transportation").
Furthermore, sometime around the 1890s, a group of "Mormons from ... Show more content on
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Eventually, he also successfully battled the Paiutes ("George Crook"); In response, President
Ulysses S. Grant put him in charge of Arizona territory ("George Crook"). One of his missions in the
Arizona territory, which proved to be successful, was to get the Apache to move back to the
reservation ("George Crook"). Throughout the years, he was transferred to fight in various locations,
but eventually returned to Arizona as the Apache tribe left the reservation and were once again at
war with Geronimo, who led the Chiricahua tribe ("George Crook"). This was the last battle that
Crook took part in, but even after his death, he was "considered the army's greatest Indian fighter"
("George Crook"). Back in 1889, Wovoka, a Paiute leader, encouraged his Indian tribes to try out the
Ghost Dance to scare away the white people (Langley). Because the Apache kept on being forced to
settle on the reservation, the Indian tribes and white settlers often fought (Langley). On a different
subject, a great accomplishment in 1890 was the

We Grow Accustomed To The Walk
People have different types of lifestyle, personality, thoughts, careers, and choices, but in the world,
there are only a few people who have similar thoughts, ideas, and a passion for writing such as
Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost. These poets express their emotions and feelings, in their poems.
In this paper I will compare two poems by Dickinson "We Grow Accustomed to the Dark" and "A
Bird came down the Walk," and two poems by Frost, "Acquainted with the Night" and "Stopping by
Woods on a Snowy Evening," the history of the authors, and their similarities and differences.
Dickinson was born 1830, in Amherst, MA, in USA ("Dickinson"). Frost was born in San Francisco,
California, in 1874 (Hard). Both authors lived in the same time periods, ... Show more content on
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Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost wrote many poems about their emotions and the darkness that
they faced or in their childhood or adult life. Dickinson writes about darkness because she always
stayed in her house; she did not leave her house and she did not see the light of the sky in her life
(Tredell). "We Grow Accustomed to the Dark," by Emily Dickinson, is about the darkness and
hopelessness. This poem has a deeper meaning about people who have to face all kinds of struggle
or problems in their life. The poet writes, "When light is put away– As when the Neighbor holds the
Lamp" (Dickinson "We Grow," 2–3). This means that sometimes it's tough to solve a problem, but
there is always hope to solve any kind of problem. All kinds of struggle can help one to learn about
the struggle and also to get experiences to solve these problems or struggles again in the future.
"Acquainted with the Night," by Robert Frost, is about a person who is walking alone in the rain. He
is approached by a cop (watchman) and the speaker looks down and walks away from a cop. The
author mentions, "And dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain" (Frost "Acquainted," 6). This quote
means that speaker does not make eye contact with the cop because he does not want to explain to
the cop what he is doing outside at the night time. "I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet.
When far away an interrupted cry" (Frost "Acquainted," 7–8) this quote explains while the speaker
is walking, he hears, someone crying in one of the houses on the street. "But not to call me back or
say good–bye" (Frost "Acquainted," 10) this explains that the speaker does not want to see who is
crying; however; he ignores that crying sound and walks away from it. "I have looked down the
saddest city lane" (Frost "Acquainted," 4) this proves that the speaker in the poem is very depressed.
The speaker is lonely or maybe the speaker is

History On The Origin Of State Charters Essay
Brief History on the Origin of State Charters in California
California has followed the steps of many American states by committing its efforts on ensuring
educational developments through improved governance systems. In the last half a decade or so,
there have emerged diverse levels of studies in California State majorly because of three reasons
which include several legislative practices, institutions, and participation of state agencies. The
California Educational Commission was created as early as 1899 with a number of 70 members to
study the state's educational program with an effort of improving it. Of much interest was the
recommendation that legislation had to be twisted to form a uniform board for the governing of
normal colleges and universities in California. This issue resulted in the formulation of a law that
placed the normal colleges and universities in California under the State Board of Education.
A legislation in the year 1992 found it necessary to have schools and authorized their creation. The
legislation also came up with requirements for appeal signature and as a result a county appeals
process was created and whose charter renewal came after every five years. The legislation also
made clear the grounds for which the charters could be considered null and void. The flexibility of
the legislation allowed there to be an amendment in 1998, which brought about a change in the
requirements for petition signature and gave the mandate of revoking any charter to

How Did Leif Erickson Influence The American Revolution
America was first discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, while he was searching for a new
trade route to India. Leif Erickson was the first European to visit the new world before Christopher
Columbus was born, however he wasn't recognized as the discoverer of the new world. John Cabot
reached the coast of America in 1497 and he thought that North America was China, like Columbus,
so he claimed the land for England. The American Revolution was a political disruption that took
place between 1765 and 1783 which colonists in the thirteen American colonies rejected the British
monarchy and defeated Great Britain and created the United States of America. The declaration of
independence, for the thirteen colonies, on July fourth 1776.
George ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following the revolutionary war these colonies governed themselves, but when soon they
discovered that this weak form of state government could not survive and so the constitution was
conscripted.
Some important people in the history of America are William McKinley, he asked the congress to
declare a war on Spain because he feared that the public opinion would turn against him. John Hay,
was President McKinley's secretary of state, he drafted open door notes requesting the world powers
respect free trade in Asia and China's territorial status. Theodore Roosevelt, was the twenty–sixth
U.S president after McKinley's assassination, he adopted aggressive foreign policy and asserted
American influence and power in the western hemisphere. The Louisiana was purchased by
President Thomas Jefferson from France and doubled the size of America in 1803. In 1819 Spain
gave up Florida to the United States. Also, the treaty with Great Britain gave the Unite States a part
of the Oregon territory. The U.S annexed Texas in 1845. And in the Gadsden Purchase, America
gained California and a huge area in the Southwest. Some of the wars that America was involved in
are, the 'second war for independence' in 1812 with Britain. In 1846 America was in war with
Mexico in the American–Mexican war. During the Spanish–American war in 1898, Spain's colonial
empire ended

What Is The Significance Of The Gold Rush In Canada
History may not be everyone's favourite subject however, there are some fascinating events that
have happened in Canada's history in which one of them was the Gold Rush Era. In Canada, the
three key events in the Gold Rush Era included the Fraser River, Cariboo, and Klondike gold rushes.
A gold rush is when a numerous amount of individuals migrate to a specific region to get hold of
newly discovered gold in pursuit of riches.
The Fraser River Gold Rush was British Columbia's first significant gold rush. In 1857, a local man
was taking a drink from the Thompson River when he noticed a tiny glittering pebble. That pebble
was then discovered to be gold and with that the history of British Columbia was changed for
eternity. In 1858, when the word spilled out that there was gold near the Fraser River, more than 30,
000 people flocked to the shores of the Fraser River to Lillooet, British Columbia to find gold. A
significant amount of seekers were Americans looking for new opportunities after the California
gold rush had come to an end. Due to the arrival of many Americans, to prevent American invasion
from threatening the British sovereignty in the area, a new colony called New Caledonia was
created, which is now present–day British Columbia. The gold rush ... Show more content on
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The gold rush took place in the remote, isolated Cariboo Mountains. It began when prospectors from
the Fraser River Gold Rush discovered gold near the Horsefly River. Prospectors came to Canada
from around the world, mainly from Germany, China and Hawaii for the gold. Just like the Fraser
River Gold Rush, many First Nations were forced to leave their land once again due to settlers
moving in. In 1862, Governor James Douglas made workers build the Cariboo Road, between Yale
and Barkerville, BC to provide a wagon route to the gold fields of the Cariboo regions. In 1866, the
Cariboo Gold Rush

Nature's Fury Controversy
I visited the exhibit "Nature's Fury: The Science of Natural Disasters," at the American Museum of
Natural History and was amazed by the entire adventure. When I entered the section titled "Nature's
Furry" I could feel my inner child stirring inside as I glanced over all the exhibits. The eight–minute
presentation of how the earth has been affected by all of these natural disasters felt a little
unnerving. I loved how they divided the exhibit into four sections, which were – Earthquakes,
Volcanic eruptions, Tornados and Hurricanes. I skillfully created my own volcano and watched it
erupt. Stood in the middle of a room so I could feel like the eye of a tornado and had a panoramic
view. I happily stomped to be recorded by a seismic wave

Black Community Research Paper
Known around the nation as the Negro Wall Street, the community of Greenwood was the wealthiest
black community at that time. African Americans moved to the Greenwood area of Tulsa to take
advantage of the opportunities that were available to them.
As many as sixty all black towns provided freedom of oppression to African Americans. The towns
were governed by the African Americans that built them and lived there. More migrants came to
Oklahoma to escape the hatred of the Deep South.
O. W. Gurley moved Tulsa in 1906 and opened his first business, a rooming house for people that
were fleeing the oppression of the South. Gurley named the avenue by his business Greenwood. He
and his wife built many other business. They would later all be ... Show more content on
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In 1910, he built the Stradford Hotel. In March 1921, he along with A.J. Smitherman, editor and
publisher of the Tulsa Star (one of two black newspapers in Tulsa at the time), brought W.E.B. Du
Bois to Tulsa to speak about standing up to the violence of lynchings.
Stradford was indicted by a grand jury with several other blacks. After being released from a
concentration camp, he moved to Chicago and never came back to Tulsa. He was finally pardoned
by the governor of Oklahoma in 1995.
Over six thousand African Americans were captured and placed in concentration camps for up to
eight days. They were paraded through the streets at gunpoint.
One of the many that lost his life that fateful night was Dr. Andrew C. Jackson. Dr. Jackson was
lauded by the Mayo brothers, who founded the Mayo Clinic, as "the best Negro surgeon in
America." As his home was on fire, Jackson raised his hands and surrendered. He was then shot
twice and left on the steps of the Convention Hall to die.
Mount Zion Baptist Church was built in April of 1921. African Americans had used its position to
try to keep the whites away. After a group of white men used up a machine gun to blow holes in the
church, it was

Being A Naturalist Writer By Frank Norris
Being a naturalist writer means that one must accurately depict the details of everyday life. Perhaps
one of the greatest naturalist authors in the United States of America was Frank Norris. Norris took
what he knew from his life in San Francisco, found great inspiration, as well as what was going on
in the time period, and put it onto paper. The critics of the time did not acclaim Norris' novel, they
condemned it. Was this portrayal of real life too authentic for the people at this time period in
history? Benjamin Franklin Norris was born on March 5, 1870 in Chicago, Illinois. When he was
14, Frank Norris moved to San Francisco with his family. From 1890 to 1894, he attended the
University of California, Berkeley to study literature. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was published in 1901. This novel focus' on the "economic and social forces involved in
production, distribution, and consumption of wheat" (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1). The Pit,
published in 1903, was the second book of the trilogy. It centers around the "wheat speculation on
the Chicago Board of Trade" (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1). Norris died on October 25, 1902 from
peritonitis caused by the rupture of his appendix (Spartacus–Educational 1). His untimely death left
unanswered questions. Norris was unable to write the third and final novel of the trilogy, The Wolf.
This book was rumored to tell the story of a European village afflicted by famine and saved by
wheat grown in America (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1). Unfortunately, no one will know for sure
what that novel would have been about. Throughout his whole writing career, Frank Norris had
many different people who became his inspiration. While studying at Berkeley, Norris had a
professor by the name of Joseph Le Conte. Professor Le Conte "argued that God is immanent in
nature, is resident in the natural forces which account for evolution, and uses evolution as His
method of creation" ("Frank Norris" 1). Norris believed that evolution threatens free will and, that
human behavior was steered by heredity and a primal nature that was beyond control. Another very
influential man for Frank Norris was Herbert Spencer, a Victorian biologist, social philosopher and a
firm believer in Social Darwinism. Spencer

Why Realism Fails Counterinsurgency?
Why Realism Fails Counterinsurgency
Introduction:
As seen through US policymakers, realism fails counterinsurgency
Definitions:
Relevant to realism, fail has three definitions: To lack prevention, to lack aim of root causes, and to
lack efficiency upon trial.
Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts
Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts as there has been an increase in the magnitude of
threat and the use of the traditional framework around war. First, a notable political scientist, John
Mearsheimer argues that what has changed over time is the magnitude of the threat. What the US is
up against is a more formidable and more dangerous adversary that was the case throughout the
1990s. As a counterinsurgency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is no certainty whether or not this terrorist group will strike in the future. As seen through
these theories and the exemplary counterinsurgency act against Al– Qaeda, realism does not prevent
future insurgency acts.
Realism lacks the aim to address the root causes of insurgencies
Realism lacks the aim to address the root causes of insurgencies. Especially with realism, the
response to the phenomenon and the neglect to have a core understanding of Counterinsurgency
Operation (COIN) present the failure of counterinsurgencies. Diplomatic Politician, Cornelia Beyer
believes that counter[insurgency] strategies of the US do not regard nor address root causes of
terrorism adequately but apply power politics in responding to the phenomenon. The failure of
directing a counterinsurgency to the root will cause the US to be deprived of success. Imaginative
wishes cannot fulfill the task of in– depth research of the origin of the insurgencies. The US solely
counteracts the observant situation, neglecting to understand the core of the conflict. This lack has
caused the US to begin to pay a high price of achieving stability and security.
Janine Davidson, argues that when the United States will conduct counterinsurgency it requires that
political leadership have a core understanding of the basic principles of COIN. The failure to
consider the basic principles of COIN places the

Earthquakes Are A Powerful Force Of Nature
California Earthquakes
Stephanie Sanchez
Geology 112 spring 2015
Earthquakes are a powerful force of nature. When they strike, it reminds us of how vulnerable we
are to this unpredictable event. On Saturday April 25 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit Nepal
killing thousands of people and injuring even more. The number of dead will probably increase, as
thousands remain missing. When a tragedy as this one occurs, society unites in grieving the people
who were injured and those who perished. Everyone sees the devastating effects and the strength of
earthquakes and it incites questions throughout the world as people seek understanding of why this
happened? Moreover, they begin to worry of when this will happen again. California is a state
susceptible to massive earthquakes such as the one that hit Nepal. In California, we are aware the
"big one" might hit soon, and the best way to determine when, is to look at the history of our state.
History of Earthquakes in California
Growing up in Southern California, I remember practicing earthquake drills in elementary school.
Teachers instructed us to protect our head and quickly seek cover under our desks during the drills.
They told us that if a quake happened at home, finding a doorframe to stand under would be the
safest place for us. As children living in an earthquake zone, the conversations of earthquake safety
happened yearly, but because big and devastating earthquakes like the one in Nepal have not
occurred

Essay On Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington: 1899–1974 Edward "Duke" Kennedy Ellington was born April 29, 1899 in
Washington, D.C. Duke Ellington was born into a typical family with average income and growing
up, the future musician was home–schooled by his parents. His father James Edward Ellington and
mother Daisy Kennedy Ellington were both pianist. His father played operatic arias while parlor
songs were his mother's first choice. It is an interesting fact that Duke is not actually Ellington's
name, but it is only his nickname, which children gave him when he was a little boy for his
aristocratic manners and the ability to dress elegant things. When Duke was seven years old, he
began his piano training and took lessons from Marietta Clinkscales. (Ruhlmann) Duke ... Show
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Ellington's band thrived and played all throughout Washington and Virginia, usually playing for
embassy and private parties. His band included Sonny Greer on drums, his childhood friend Otto
Hardwick on alto saxophone, Elmer Snowden on banjo and Arthur Whetsol on trumpet. The group
performed for both African–American and white audiences which was quite rare in those times.
When Ellington's drummer Sonny Greer joined the Wilber Sweatman Orchestra in New York City,
he decided to leave behind his successful career in Washington, D.C and moved to Harlem. Shortly
after his move to Harlem, in May of 1927, Andy Preer who had been leading the house band at the
Cotton Club died. In looking for a replacement, the gig went to Duke Ellington and his men. The
clubs decor was modelled after the old south of plantations and slavery, hence the name the "Cotton
Club". The club was segregated, meaning only whites were allowed in the audience, while all the
waiters and entertainers were African American. What made Duke Ellington and his Cotton Club
Orchestra famous were the weekly broadcasts on radio station WHN. (Cotton) These broadcasts
were heard all over the country and gave Ellington national exposure. With the Great Depression
worsening, the recording industry too was hit by the financial crisis and that resulted into dropping
of over 90% of artist by the year 1933. (Ruhlmann) In the case of

The Trial Of John Peter Zenger Summary
Works Cited
Fissell, Brenner M. "Jury Nullification and the Rule of Law." Legal Theory. 19 (2013): 217–241.
Web. 26 Oct. 2017.
Linder, Douglas. "The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account." (2001). Available at SSRN:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=1021258 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1021258. Web. 26 Oct. 2017.
Heicklen, Julian. "Jury Nullification" Available at
http://www.personal.psu.edu/jph13/JuryNullification.html. Web. 26 Oct. 2017.
History According to the author Fissell, Brenner M., in the article "Jury Nullification and the Rule of
Law," published in the Legal Theory journal, Brenner states that "It is generally understood that
nullification takes place whenever jurors refuse to apply the law to a given set of facts, but there are
many different circumstances in which this might occur, and different motivations are at work in
each. More precision is necessary." Linder states that the word jury nullification is defined by the
definition nullification, which states that to nullify something is to "render [it] of no value, use, or
efﬁcacy; to reduce to nothing, to cancel out (Fissell)." Jury nullification is much more common
amongst criminal cases, but one may experience such a thing with a civil case as well (Fissell). Jury
Nullification deals with an aspect of the publics overall acceptance on some aspects of the law
(Fissell). The term community morality is used to explain the overall influence of a smaller
geographic entity on a larger group (Fissell). In England, around 1670 is when there was the first
jury nullification case between William Penn and William Mead, states author Julian Heicklen from
the article "Jury Nullification." It was not introduced to the United States until the 1700s, in the case
of Zenger vs New York Governor William Cosby (Heicklen). Which now brings us to the first case,
John Zenger.
According to Linder, Doug with The University of Missouri at Kansas City– School of Law in the
article "The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account," published in 2001, Linder states that "No
country values free expression more highly than does the United States, and no case in American
history stands as a greater landmark on the road to protection for freedom of the press than the

Colombia Is A Country Located At The North Tip Of South...
Colombia is a country located at the north tip of South America. It is bounded by Panama and the
Caribbean Sea in the north, by Venezuela and Brazil in the east, by Peru and Ecuador in the south,
and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Colombia is the only South American country with coastlines on
both the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea (National Geographic.) Colombia is one of the largest
South American countries at 439,733 square miles, or about the size of Texas and California
combined. Colombia is a mainly Spanish speaking, Catholic country, but has a diverse population.
Colombia is the only American nation named for Christopher Columbus. The country strongly
reflects its history as a colony of Spain. Colombia became independent on July 20, 1810 (Kline.) It
is often referred to as the most Roman Catholic of the South American countries, and most of its
people are proud of the relative purity of their Spanish language. Its population is heavily mestizo
(of mixed European and Indian descent) with minorities of European and African ancestry. The
economy is traditionally based on agriculture, particularly coffee and fruit production, but industries
and services are increasing in importance. Colombia is the most populous country of South America.
The nation's political instability has been tied to unequal distribution of wealth and the illicit trade in
drugs, specifically cocaine.
The Europeans first visited the territory that would become Colombia when Alonso de Ojeda arrived

Juvenile Justice System And For Reducing Juvenile Crime Rates
I. INTRODUCTION Regardless of what nation an individual resides in, certain issues are
universally important. Examples include crime, economics, education, family, healthcare,
homelessness, poverty, and many others. The United States is now the world leader in its rate of
incarceration. Over the past 25 years, juvenile crime has skyrocketed, with drug crimes, gang
violence, school shootings, and other violent acts being regularly featured in the news. During the
past 10 years, nearly all 50 states have overhauled their juvenile justice laws, allowing more youths
to be tried as adults. However, in addressing crime, there must be an effective balance between
deterrence, prevention, and punishment. This paper analyzes the juvenile justice system and the
effectiveness of sentencing alternatives like juvenile detention centers and shelters. Part II details the
history of the juvenile justice system. In Part III, sentencing alternatives like sentencing alternatives
like juvenile detention centers and shelters are examined. Lastly, this paper concludes with
suggestions for improving the juvenile justice system and for reducing juvenile crime rates.
II. HISTORY OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM Prior to the twentieth century, there were no
significant differences between the way adult criminals and juvenile offenders were treated by the
criminal justice system. Early prisons housed adults, juveniles, men, women, sane and insane, all
together. ("CJCJ: Intro to California's

Robert Frost Term Paper
Robert Frost was the son of Isabelle Moodie Frost and William Prescott Frost Jr. He was born in San
Francisco California and lived an unstable life there till he found stability in his adult life. He
married Elinor White and started a stable lifestyle and family of his own. Frost was a teacher and a
philosopher. He published his first book at the age of 39 and continued his writing career for nearly
50 years. Frost was the first poet to read at a presidential inauguration and one of the first to
transform poetry and change the world of literature" (Fagan).
"Robert Frost was a man that lived a hard life. His father growing up was a rebel, but had good
intentions when it came to school, but being the rebel he was, drinking and gambling took ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His family struggles to his high school and college life. His wife and children and his life changing
poems made Frost the legacy he is today. His struggles should be an inspiration to all his readers.
For him to go through the struggles from his father and to be scared of school and yet graduate with
honors is something any person should be proud of. Robert Frosts life story not only shows us the
struggles he went through in life, but his story teaches that a person does not have to always be
successful early in life to be someone. Frost dropped out of college and he still managed to meet
President Kennedy and win a congressional award, he also wrote many poems and short stories
which are very well known to this day. Frost should be recognized not only for his poems and short
stories, but he should be recognized for his life struggles with a very successful

The Reasons And Causes Of The Filipino American War
The Filipino American War was sparked by the unprovoked shooting of Filipino soldiers by
American sentries stationed in a suburb of Santa Mesa in February 1899. Pimentel (1999) describes
"on a hot, humid night of Feb 4, 1899, American sentries patrolling the Manila suburb of Santa
Mesa opened fire on Filipino soldiers walking near a bridge over the San Juan River (Pimentel
1999. Pg. 1)."The war lasted from February 1899 until July 1902. The war was noted as one of the
"bloodiest conflicts in U.S. history" noted to have claimed over 250,000 lives (Pimentel 1999). The
war lasted longer than the Americans expected, moreover the war resulted in Filipino soldiers
shifting to guerrilla warfare to make up the lack of firepower. Pimentel (1999) describes,
"overwhelmed by superior American power, the Filipinos shifted to guerrilla warfare. The strategy
worked, but it also prompted U.S, commanders to employ more brutal tactics against an elusive
enemy that enjoyed popular support (Pimentel 1999. Pg. 2)." The Filipino soldiers were able to find
support from the The Filipino people. Filipino people were first colonized by the Spanish for over
300 years before being sold to America for 20 million during the peace treaty signed in Paris on
December 1898. Consequently, under the long control of the Spanish gave way to the Filipino
people craving their freedom from the Spanish and currently during the time of the war from the
American government, thus propelling the Filipino people to aid

Robert Lee Frost's My Butterfly-An Elegy
On May 26th of 1874, in the city of San Fransisco, California, Robert Lee Frost was born to Scottish
immigrant and father William Prescott Frost Jr. and mother Isabelle Moodle as the first of two
children born to the Frost family; the second child of the Frost family, a daughter, Jeanie Frost was
born a little over two years after Frost in 1876. About eleven years after his birth and nine years after
the birth of his younger sister, Frost's father died due to tuberculosis–a bacterial disease that affects
the lungs–on May 5th of 1885. Shortly after his fathers death, the remaining members of the Frost
family moved to the city of Lawrence, Massachusetts, where frost would eventually attend and
graduate Lawrence High School as co–valedictorian alongside Elenor Miriam White–the woman
who Frost would eventually marry in December of 1895–at the age of 18 in 1992. On the same year
of hid graduation, Frost moved to the town of Hanover, New Hampshire to attend Dartmouth
University, however, he moved back to Lawrence to work not even two months into the semester;
once he returned to Massachusetts, Frost worked as an eighth grade school teacher in the city of
Methuen, until 1895, when he took a job as a reporter for a news paper for a short time.
Then, about two years after he moved back, in 1895, Frost wrote My Butterfly–An Elegy– a poem
that would be published in the weekly magazine The New York Independent on November 8th of
that year. The publication of My Butterfly–An Elegy, at

Al Capone Research Paper
Alphonse Capone (1899–1947) Al Capone 'Scarface' was born in Brooklyn on January 17, 1899,
fourth of seven sons and two daughters. His parents, Gabriel and Theresa, had immigrated to the
United States from Naples, Italy. From all known accounts, Capone's childhood was a normal one
and he had come from a devoutly religious family. His father was a barber and his mother stayed
home with the children. Capone's family were a tight–knit Italian family. There was nothing in
Capone's childhood or family life that could have predicted the rise of America's most notorious
gangster. Robert Schoenberg author of 'Mr. Capone' had said, "...No reason to believe that any of the
children would grow up to be anything other than perfectly respectable and they ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He need a man to run his illegal business and he has selected Al Capone from Five Point Gang to be
his lieutenant. Al became a father and a husband therefore had a great urge to provide for his family.
He was married Mae Coughlin of an Irish descend. During the 1920's there was a ban on liquor due
to prohibition laws. Torrio has suddenly realised there was big money to be made through selling
bootlegged liquor. 20–year old Al Capone was selected to run the business in Chicago. Robert
Schoenberg author of 'Mr. Capone', believed Torrio's thought of Al where, "...This is someone who
will succeed me one–day am going to bring him along". Al Capone had worked his way up the
ladder and had supposedly started off a bartender/bouncer. Al Capone working at Colosimo's night
club where liquor was greatly consumed and he wanted to sell bootlegged liquor along with Torrio,
unfortunately Big Jim (Torrio's boss) was against the idea and thought he was rich enough. Big Jim
stood in the way of Torrio's idea to expand, therefore he had to be eliminated. Torrio and Capone
took over and made money from bootlegged liquor. Capone was very useful to Torrio as he had
boundless abilities such as handling emergency situations by being brutal and he was also great in
handling political connections as he could easily persuade government official through bribery or
brutal attacks. Al Capone was very influential and

A Brief History Of The Greenock Steamship
Appendix 5 A Brief History of the Greenock Steamship Company, the Gulf Line Association, and
their Ships THE TOWN OF GREENOCK lies on the south banks of the River Clyde where it enters
the Firth of Clyde. Historically it had largely been a fishing town, but the construction of a harbour
in 1714 marked the be–ginning of its transformation into one of the key ports on the Clyde.
Throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, a large fleet of sailing ships came to call Greenock
home. Greenock ships had distinguished themselves in the China tea trade, trade with the East
Indies, Australia, and California, and in the conveyance of timber from the St Lawrence River in
North America. Many of the town's shipowners contented themselves in the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The advent of the screw propeller changed all of this and made steamers increasingly viable.
Though she still bore sails, Archimedes was the world's first screw–propelled steamship. Built in
1839 in Britain, she had considerable influence on the development of ships and shipping in the
years to come. Despite the advances in steam technology, however, sailing ships continued to
dominate the world's oceans for many years to come. Unlike steamers they did not depend on the
availability of coal and were simply much cheaper to run. This was particularly evident in voyages
to the Far East, reached from Europe via the Cape of Good Hope at Africa's south–ern tip and from
America across the Indian Ocean. This changed in 1869 with the opening of the Suez Canal. As a
result of this, the Far East and Australia were opened up to steamers bearing passengers and mail
from the Europe. But the effects of such developments were not immediate. The continued
dominance of sail was obvious nowhere better than in Greenock. When the Suez Canal opened in
1869, only seven of the 182 or so Greenock–registered ships listed in that year's Post Officer
Directory were steamers. In the subsequent years, the registration of additional sail–ing ships by
Greenock shipowners consistently outnumbered the addition of new steamers. One such syndicate
of shipowners was William Lindsay and Com–pany. The company had long been involved

Mini Project
ARLT101: 1st Mini–Project Topic
Scavenger Hunt of USC Campus and Neighborhood or of Downtown Los Angeles
Complete either (A) a scavenger hunt of the USC campus and University Park neighborhood or (B)
a scavenger hunt of downtown Los Angeles.
At the end of completing your hunt, write a short essay (1 page) in which you explain the most
interesting item you discovered by doing this scavenger hunt.
Note: The scavenger hunt project should be typed
Complete either (A) a scavenger hunt of downtown Los Angeles or (B) a scavenger hunt of the USC
campus and North University Park.
A. USC Scavenger Hunt
Complete the 52 items for the USC Scavenger hunt below.
Write a short essay (1 page) in which you explain the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
15. Provide the title of a book written by Joseph P. Widney that has "race" in the title and briefly
describe its subject. Also briefly describe Joseph P. Widney's association with USC or what position
he had at USC.
16. Ralph and Goldy Lewis Hall, which houses the School of Policy, Planning and Development at
USC, has, in its ground floor hallway, two sets of maps presenting information about Los Angeles.
The set of maps on one wall are part of a display entitled "The Geography of Buzz." The set of maps
on the opposite wall present graphic displays of information about Los Angeles. Briefly describe the
two sets of maps, one on each side of the hallway.
17. Briefly describe the insides of the Little Chapel of Silence on the USC campus
18. Transcribe the inscription above the south entrance to Fisher Gallery (above the doors facing
Exposition Park)

19. The north façade of Mudd Hall of Philosophy contains the names of a number of distinguished
philosophers. Provide the name of the one American philosopher included on this facade.
20. Outside the Fisher Museum of Art is a sculpture garden by Jenny Holzer entitled "Blacklist."
The work of art contains words written by members of the Hollywood 10. Cite the text of your
favorite quote and its

The Relationship Between China And East Asia Essay
East and west. The relationship between the two has never been truly set in stone. Both Europe and
Asia have been through many large–scale power shifts throughout the millennia. Empires have risen
– and inevitably been razed. If not by conquerors, then by time itself. These empires were often led
by those who yearned to increase their land and holdings, and because of this the tendrils of
civilization often stretched to seek uncharted territory. This undying curiosity eventually culminated
in what is now referred to as the "Age of Discovery," which spanned from the 1500s to the 1800s.
By the beginning of the 20th century, most of the world's lands had already been discovered. Trade
links between China and Europe had been around since the Hellenic Age. And in the year 1900 it
had been 124 years since the founding of the United States of America. Cross the Pacific Ocean, and
one would find themselves face–to–face with the United States' distant neighbor, East Asia. In East
Asia, two of the most historically significant nations are China and Japan. For a number of reasons,
– which will be detailed further later on – the early 1900s were a somewhat tumultuous time for
both of said nations. The 20th century was by and large a time of political and economic power
consolidation for both China and Japan. It is arguable that the United States played an integral role
in this consolidation. The interactions between the United States, China, and Japan highlight a time
when the way that

Hannibal Hamlin Garland's Early Life
How much of one's past can determine their future? One's experiences from early in life can greatly
affect them later on. This is especially evident in writers, such as Hannibal Hamlin Garland. He
opened the eyes of many to the hardships faced in the Western farms, known to him from a young
age (although totally abandoned later in life), just by writing of it. (Britannica; The Garland Society;
World Biography) Garland's early life was what first exposed him to the setting of many of his
books; he was born in West Salem, Wisconsin on September 14, 1860. (The Garland Society;
Britannica) His family continually moved farther west, despite being poor prairie farmers.
(Britannica; The Garland Society) After he graduated high school, he visited New ... Show more
(The Garland Society; World Biography) He eventually saved up enough money to attend Moses
True Brown's Boston School of Oratory, although he almost quit not long after due to money.
(World Biography) Brown, not wanting Garland to quit, gave him a job at the college lecturing.
(World Biography) He then developed his idea of veritism and started working on Main Travelled
Roads, his first book. (The Garland Society; World Biography) His other early works were
published in Transcript, Harper's Weekly. (World Biography) In order to show the hardships faced in
the West, he wrote simply and directly, creating realistic stories. (World Biography; Britannica) He
eventually took part in the Klondike gold rush, where he made records of the people of the West and
the Native Americans, both of which were used later in his works. (The Garland Society) As a result
of the gold rush and records, he wrote The Trail of the Gold Seekers, his last non–fiction book. (The
Garland Society) He eventually abandoned his first genre for autobiographies and stopped writing
so directly and plainly around 1902, marking the beginning of his career

Luther Burbank Research Paper
Luther Burbank was a horticulturist. A horticulturist is someone who uses scientific knowledge to
cultivate and propagate plants, and then uses that knowledge to provide technical information to
fruit–, vegetable–, and flower–growers as well as farmers. Luther Burbank was born March 7, 1849
in Lancaster, Massachusetts. After his father's death, Burbank moved with his family to a small farm
in Groton. At the age of twenty–one he purchased seventeen acres of land near Lunenburg and
began a 55–year plant–breeding career. Inspired by Charles Darwin's Variation of Animals and
Plants Under Domestication, Burbank determined that better plants could be developed through
natural selection and new varieties created through crossbreeding, or hybridization. ... Show more
A naturalist is a person who studies or is an expert in natural history, especially a zoologist or
botanist. John Muir was born April 21, 1838, in Dunbar, Scotland. When he was a young child he
enjoyed learning and creating inventions and after showing his inventions at the state Fair, Muir
attended the University of Wisconsin during the early 1860s. John left school in 1863 and he took up
studying botany and exploring the natural world by foot while taking on jobs to support himself. he
was blinded for a time when he was in involved in an accident while he was working at a factory in
1870. Upon regaining his sight, he fully embraced his devotion to nature and walked from Indiana to
Florida, creating detailed sketches of the terrain. Muir became known for his articles that praised the
natural world, speaking in poetic, spiritual terms about his affection for the ecology and humanity's
earth connection, garnering a large and varied readership. He also published a grouping of essays
pushing for the establishment of Yosemite National Park, which was created in 1890. Muir became a
major figure in the creation of parks for the Grand Canyon and Sequoia regions as well. He was the
author of several books as well, including The Mountains of California (1894), Our National Parks
(1901), Stickeen: The Story of a Dog (1909) and My First Summer in the Sierra (1911). John Muir
taught us to be creative and about nature and how important it

How Did The Wave Of Immigration And Italian Immigration
99 percent of today's United States population is comprised of immigrants and the descendants of
immigrants. Immigration has been shaping the United States ever since the first immigrants arrived
400 years ago in the 1600s; however, it became very prevalent during the time of 1880 to 1899, as
the first major wave of immigration fled to America. Millions of immigrants fled from all over the
world seeking economic opportunity, specifically large masses from Italy and China. The Italians
helped to build up large, successful cities like Chicago and New York while the Chinese worked to
develop the western cities in California; however, the Chinese contributions were not appreciated so
many laws and policies from the United States Congress were put in place to regulate their
immigration but Italians were welcomed into the United States with the newly opened Ellis Island.
In the late 19th century, the Chinese and Italian Immigration contributed to many of the economic,
cultural, and political processes that serve as the fundamentals to the United States today.
Between 1880 and 1899, the United States experienced both a major wave of diverse immigration
and a halt. This was a time of rapid industrialization and urbanization which attracted many
immigrants. The mass production and introduction of factories in the cities required many unskilled
workers which were perfect for immigrants. The jobs from industrialization could provide the
immigrants with the better economic opportunity

Frederick Funston and Empire Essay
Frederick Funston and Empire
In San Francisco between 12th and 14th Avenue is Funston Street. By the Presidio, the former US
Army base, is an old set of military structures collectively called Fort Funston. To most people these
are just names to identify various locations in the city. But behind the name is a person who is a
historical figure that is significant, not just for San Francisco, but for the United States of America
and the Republic of the Philippines. Frederick Funston was to many a hero of his times but to others
he was also a symbol of his times and not a good one.
1898 saw the United States change from a nation taming a wild frontier to a nation building an
empire. The Spanish–American war ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In May Admiral Dewey and his task force sailed into Manila Bay and destroyed the Spanish naval
force based there. On the way to Manila Dewey picks up exiled Philippine leader Emilio Aguinaldo.
With the help of local Philippine insurgents the Philippine capital, Manila, falls to Admiral Dewey.
War ends on August 12th with signing of peace treaty.
With the end of the war many people thought that the Philippines would be given its independence,
such as Cuba. But in December 12, 1898 President McKinley released the "Benevolent Assimilation
Proclamation". Part of it stated: With the signature of the treaty of peace between the United States
and Spain by their respective plenipotentiaries at Paris on the 10th instant, and as a result of the
victories of American arms, the future control, disposition, and government of the Philippine Islands
are ceded to the United States. In the fulfillment of the rights of sovereignty thus acquired and the
responsible obligations of government thus assumed, the actual occupation and administration of the
entire group of the Philippine Islands becomes immediately necessary, and the military government
heretofore maintained by the united states in the city, harbor, and bay of Manila is to be extended
with all possible dispatch to the whole of the ceded territory. Armed conflict broke out among the
US troops and

How Did Al Capone Changed In The 1920's
Al Capone in The Roaring Twenties
This isn't going to be about Al Capone's whole life, just his involvement in the 1920's. Al Capone
wasn't the only American gangster at this time but, as his involvement in the American law was
bigger his name grew more immense than anyone probably thought it would. Al Capone was a
significant figure in American history believe it or not, we just don't talk about gangster that often.
First, I will tell you a little about Al Capone's early years and then the definition of a gangster and
how it has evolved to today. Al Capone was born "Alphonse Capone" Al for short. Al was born in
Brooklyn, New York in 1899. His involvement as a gangster didn't start until the late teens and
twenties. The real definition of a gangster is a member of a gang of violent criminals. This means Al
has a negative impact on society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this time President Woodrow Wilson passed a law in 1917 that stated no purchasing or
production of alcohol, this was the 18th amendment. Now there were bootleggers involved and
illegal gangsters. This was the gateway for Al Capone to get involved. Al's mission was to take
down Johnny Torrio, another illegal gangster during prohibition and grow his business. Spartacus
Educational states Al had taken over 161 illegal drink establishments. You might ask, How did Al
gain these bars, saloons, and taverns? The answer is he killed them. Al Capone had over
$60,000,000.00 to his name mostly from illegal alcohol

Electirc Car
Timeline: History of the Electric Car
1832–1839
Scottish inventor Robert Anderson invents the first crude electric carriage powered by non–
rechargeable primary cells.
1835
American Thomas Davenport is credited with building the first practicalelectric vehicle –– a small
locomotive.
1859
French physicist Gaston Planté invents the rechargeable lead–acid storage battery. In 1881, his
countryman Camille Faure will improve the storage battery's ability to supply current and invent the
basic lead–acid battery used in automobiles.
1891
William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa builds the first successful electric automobile in the United
States.
Thomas Edison and an electric car. Courtesy of the Smithsonian
1893
A handful of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1990
California passes its Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate, which requires two percent of the
state's vehicles to have no emissions by 1998 and 10 percent by 2003. The law is repeatedly
weakened over the next decade to reduce the number of pure ZEVs it requires.
1997
Toyota unveils the Prius –– the world's first commercially mass–produced and marketed hybrid car
–– in Japan. Nearly 18,000 units are sold during the first production year.
1997 – 2000
A few thousand all–electric cars (such as Honda's EV Plus, G.M.'s EV1, Ford's Ranger pickup EV,
Nissan's Altra EV, Chevy's S–10 EV, and Toyota's RAV4 EV) are produced by big car
manufacturers, but most of them are available for lease only. All of the major automakers' advanced
all–electric production programs will be discontinued by the early 2000s.

2002
G.M. and DaimlerChrysler sue the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to repeal the ZEV
mandate first passed in 1990. The Bush Administration joins that suit.
Crushed EV1 electric cars
2003
G.M. announces that it will not renew leases on its EV1 cars saying it can no longer supply parts to
repair the vehicles and that it plans to reclaim the cars by the end of 2004.
2005
On February 16, electric vehicle enthusiasts begin a "Don't Crush" vigil to stop G.M. from
demolishing 78 impounded EV1s in Burbank, California. The vigil ends twenty–eight days later
when G.M. removes the cars from the facility. In the film "Who Killed the Electric Car" G.M.

Sprint Company History
Sprint is one of the many corporations that has enabled the emergence and evolution of
technological innovation. We all know it as a major "global communications company that serves 23
million customers in over 70 countries" ("History of Sprint Corporation"), and it consists of a vast
array of products and services to offer the world. It is a major wireless provider in the
telecommunications industry. What individuals in society are not quite familiar with is Sprint's
humble beginnings. History It all started from the Southern Pacific Communications Corporation,
which was a division of the Southern Pacific Railroad ("Sprint Corporation – Company Profile,
Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Sprint Corporation"). ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was at its lowest on November 2nd 2016, reaching $5.95. Its highest was on January 26, 2017,
hitting $9.43 ("Sprint Corp"). Over the course of the year, the trend has remained relatively neutral.
In 2005, Sprint Corporation merged with Nextel Communications, and that's how the Sprint Nextel
Corporation company was created ("Corporate Office Data"). Currently, there are talks about a
potential merger between Sprint and T–Mobile, bringing Sprint up to the # 3 carrier and creating
billions of dollars in the process (Faber, "T–Mobile and Sprint Are in Active Talks about a
Merger."). There is discussion that this merger can be a serious competitor for AT&T (Lovelace Jr.,
"Sprint CEO: We'll Be a 'Formidable Competitor' to AT&T If Government Allows T–Mobile Deal.")
. Several details still need to be figured out like the "exchange ratio for the all–stock deal"(Gerard,
"T–Mobile Finalizing Merger Deal With Sprint: Report"). Other terms of discussion include the
location of the merger's headquarters and the appointments to the executive management team. The
final decision as to whether both companies will agree with the deal depends on whether or not the
Department of Justice will reject

History of Film
Plays and dances had elements common to films– scripts, sets, lighting, costumes, production,
direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, and scores. They preceded film by thousands of years.
Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as mise en scène. Moving
visual images and sounds were not recorded for replaying as in film.
The camera obscura was pioneered by Alhazen in his Book of Optics (1021),[2][3][4] and was later
perfected near the year 1600 by Giambattista della Porta. Light is inverted through a small hole or
lens from outside, and projected onto a surface or screen, creating a projected moving image,
indistinguishable from a projected high quality film to an audience, but it is not preserved in a ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[7]
After this date, the Edison company developed its own form of projector, as did various other
inventors. Some of these used different film widths and projection speeds, but after a few years the
35–mm wide Edison film, and the 16–frames–per–second projection speed of the Lumière
Cinématographe became standard. The other important American competitor was the American
Mutoscope & Biograph Company, which used a new camera designed by Dickson after he left the
Edison company. [8]
At the Chicago 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition, Muybridge gave a series of lectures on the
Science of Animal Locomotion in the Zoopraxographical Hall, built specially for that purpose in the
"Midway Plaisance" arm of the exposition. He used his zoopraxiscope to show his moving pictures
to a paying public, making the Hall the very first commercial movie theater.[5]
William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the
invention of a practicable form of a celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a
method of photographing and projecting moving images.[citation needed] Celluloid blocks were
thinly sliced, then removed with heated pressure plates. After this, they were coated with a
photosensitive gelatin emulsion.[citation needed] In 1893 at the Chicago World 's Fair, Thomas
Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation; the Kinetograph
–

The Is The Missing Link !
I am a 45–year–old female from New Orléans. I now live in California. I have been involved in the
spiritual realm since I can remember. I am a full–blown indigo (meaning I have all characteristics.I
read palms,I can do love spells and money spells. I also get a visit from time to time from spirits.
See some of my photos. I write for many meta sites and psychic media outlets.I am a Sumerian
history buff. I think that the human race is the missing link! My ability is in dream Interpretation. I
would love to get to know you here is a little about my dream interpretation skills. I am including
the who, where,how and why.Dream meanings are as personal as our personalities and give valuable
glimpses into our inner lives. Most often, dreams are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Freud often clashed with those supporters who criticized his theories, the most famous of
whom was Carl Jung. Part of the disagreement between them was due to Jung 's interest in and
commitment to spirituality and occultism, which Freud saw as unscientific. Freud 's medical
reputation became somewhat tarnished. After the "Cocaine Episode", Freud ceased to publicly
recommend use of the drug, but continued to take it himself occasionally for depression, migraine
and nasal inflammation during the early 1890s, before giving it up in 1896. As a medical researcher,
Freud was an early user and proponent of cocaine as a stimulant as well as analgesic. He believed
that cocaine was a cure for many mental and physical problems, and in his 1884 paper "On Coca" he
extolled its virtues.It has been suggested that much of Freud 's early psychoanalytical theory was a
by–product of his cocaine use. This is the reason I am a follower of Jung. I also have a commitment
to spirituality. I feel Freud has points but a lot are repetitive. I like what Domhoff said in his spot on
statement he made according to Domhoff: " 'Meaning ' has to do with coherence and with systematic
relations to other variables, and in that regard dreams do have meaning. Furthermore, they are very
"revealing" of what is on our minds. We have shown that 75 to

Mesozoic Vertebrates
Mesozoic vertebrates of Texas have received less attention than Paleozoic. In the early 1900s E. C.
Case collected and reported amphibians and reptiles found in Triassic sediments along the eastern
edge of the High Plains, and Sankar Chatterjee of Texas Tech University has also made important
discoveries there. Notable are skeletons of phytosaurs. These aquatic reptiles, up to thirty feet in
length, had elongated snouts armed with thick, sharply pointed teeth. Their habits were probably
much like those of modern crocodiles. Some lightly armored forms were not unlike crocodiles in
appearance, except for their long, hook–nosed snouts, but some armored types of phytosaurs may
have looked almost like arthropods. Through work centered at the University of Texas at Austin,
parts of the Trans–Pecos region have yielded important fossils of Cretaceous reptiles, among them
enormous crocodiles and the largest known pterosaur. Much of Central Texas probably contains
bones of Cretaceous vertebrates, but the land is so heavily vegetated that discoveries are few.
However, remains of dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, and even primitive mammals have been found and are
preserved at the University of Texas and Southern Methodist University. Fossil vertebrates,
especially mammals, of the middle to late Tertiary and Pleistocene ages abound in Texas. Much of
the fossil history of horses, camels, rhinoceroses, and other kinds of both living and ... Show more
Schultz, West Texas State University, Canyon; Sankar Chatterjee, Texas Tech University, Lubbock;
Walter W. Dalquest, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls; Bob Slaughter and Lewis Jacobs,
Southern Methodist University, Dallas; Arthur H. Harris, University of Texas at El Paso; and Wann
Langston, Jr., John A. Wilson, and Ernest L. Lundelius, Jr., University of Texas at

Essay about History of the Juvenile Justice System
This paper will discuss the history of the juvenile justice system and how it has come to be what it is
today. When a juvenile offender commits a crime and is sentenced to jail or reform school, the
offender goes to a separate jail or reforming place than an adult. It hasn't always been this way. Until
the early 1800's juveniles were tried just like everyone else. Today, that is not the case. This paper
will explain the reforms that have taken place within the criminal justice system that developed the
juvenile justice system. Before the Progressive Era, children who were over the age of seven were
put in jail with adults. In the early part of the 1800's reformers started to become concerned with the
overcrowded environment in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The child–essentially good, as they saw it was made to feel that he is the object of the state's care
and solicitude, not that he was under arrest or on trial" (In re Gault, 1967).
The rising viewpoint of the child savers was that of parens patriae which said that the state had an
assenting duty to get involved and care for the less fortunate kids. In 1899, the first court devoted to
hearing cases with juvenile delinquents was developed by the Illinois Legislature. The procedures in
the juvenile court were much different from those of the criminal courts. The child would be
accused of a crime they committed, but they were offered help, treatment, and direction (Myers,
2008). Juvenile hearings were held in private and the juvenile's records were kept sealed to avoid the
disgrace of a criminal conviction. Since the juvenile courts rejected punishment, they were allowed
to have jurisdiction on things adult courts did not consider crimes. These offenses could be anything
including truancy, disobedience, bad language, immorality, and vagrancy. Under parens patriae, the
juvenile court was allowed to use wide range discretion to resolve the troubles of juvenile offenders
and rejected the official procedures of the adult

The California Gold Rush: A Brief History Of Alcatraz
Have you ever wondered what the history of alcatraz is? Have you ever thought about the escapers
from alcatraz? Some people think of Alcatraz as it was built to be an attraction. It's real intention
was to be a maximum security prison. The history made this one of the most known places in the
world.
The California Gold Rush, the resulting of San Francisco's blow up in population, so protection of
the bay of San Francisco was needed so the U.S Army built a fortress on top of the island. So In
1853 it was made into a military base. It had Big Guns that were able to move and aim To a specific
spot. In 1861 the Island started to get Civil war prisoners. After that, in 1907 they took the giant
guns off the island. Form 1909 to 1911 the rock was used a disciplinary barracks for the U.S army.
They used it as the disciplinary barracks until 1933, when it was needed of a federal prison and so
Alcatraz the prison was made. Not just the history made it famous but also the escape attempts.
This Maximum security prison actually had some prisoners escape and tried to escape like Clarence
and John anglin and Frank Morris. Clarence and John Anglin and Frank Morris where ... Show more
Al Capone was born in 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. He was also born into an immigrant family
and a poor family. Robert stroud was sent to jail his first time in 1909 after he had killed a bartender
in a brawl. He had almost finished his sentence in jail when he stabbed a guard to death. Which had
sentenced him to be hanged. But a handwritten plea was written by his own mother to President
Woodrow Wilson, after that he was sentenced to life in prison, permanently in solitary. George Kelly
was born on July 18th,1895 to a wealthy family in Memphis, Tennessee. When he left for Oklahoma
from Memphis,Tennessee, he changed his name from George Francis Barnes Jr. to George R. Kelly
to protect his family and to hide from the

California Gold Rush Research Paper
What risks are worth taking to provide financial wealth for your family? Material wealth is
imperative to people of all nationalities, sometimes this means following profitable opportunities in
pursuit of the "American Dream"which according to James Truslow Adams is "the opportunity to be
richer and fuller for everyone". The California Gold Rush was a monumental event for numerous
reasons including its impact on the environment, natural resources and opportunities. This lead to
Americans traveling west searching for gold and wealth, even if it included risks along with the
excitement.
The California Gold Rush began in 1848 when gold nuggets were discovered and thousands of
immigrants traveled to California from other places in the United States ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First, it educates the public and allows them to understand the overwhelming consequences of gold
mining. For instance, more than 10 million cubic meters of debris caused by mining were poured
into the San Francisco Bay from 1853–1884, which resulted in a significant decrease in the
population of the San Francisco Bay Salmon. In addition to a decrease of fish in the Sacramento
River and San Francisco Bay, hydraulic mining also damaged California's water source with arsenic
and mercury. According to David Beesley, a history professor at Sierra College in Rockland,
"Environmental destruction occurred because there was no policy to do anything else."This explains
why the Goldrush still affects California to this date, 150 years later by requiring clean water and air
policies to be implemented. Finally, looking into the history of the California Gold Rush allows the
realization of the damage that was done and that is being avoided through the involvement of the
government to help protect the

Characteristics Of Modernism
PD4102 History of Design Report
Sam Van Dam
15172058
26th April 2016
Each period style, for instance, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Modernism, Post–modernism has certain
defining characteristics. Describe a period of your choice and define its traits.
Modernism is a period style which has many defining characterisitcs which will be talked about
throughout the course of this essay. The birth of Modernism ran between the 18th and 19th century
around the time of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution caused very quick changes in
technology, manufacturing and transportation as well as other aspects.
These all had a massive affect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of life in Western
Europe, North America and eventually the rest of the world. (MoMa 2011) [Fig 1] The first railroad
train in Temecula, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other arts such as literature and music had massively changed, shaping the music we listen to and
the books we read to this day. The modernist period saw many composers start to experiment with
their music which was a change from the romantic period. The romantic period was very traditional
but in the early 20th century, composers had started to use new melodies and harmonies that were
considered unusual at the time.
One of the most famous musicians to thrive in the modernist period was the American composer
Aaron Copland. Some of his most famous work would be his compositions for the films 'Of Mice
and Men' and 'Our Town'. He very much went with the fast changing times that were happening
around him.
In his growth as a composer Copland mirrored the important trends of his time. After his return from
Paris, he worked with jazz rhythms in Music for the Theater (1925) and the Piano Concerto (1926).
(Britannica 2016)
This is what led Copland to work on project such as film scores as during the early to mid 20th
century, as the art of film had become very

My Cultural Autobiography : My Culture Essay
My Cultural Autobiography
Several years ago I enrolled at California Lutheran University in the Marriage Family Therapy
Master Program. It was during this journey as a new and older student that I was introduced to the
words Cultural Bias and Cultural Proficiency. At the time I was not sure how I was to respond to
questions such as what is your culture, what are your biases and how are you going to integrate
those biases into the therapeutic setting? I now found myself questioning how is it that for all these
years, no one ever told me that I because I was white, female, from middle– class America that I was
not only entitled but privileged. If one does not see color differences, does that make them open–
minded and accepting or does that mean they have color blindness? I never questioned my culture,
my heritage or my underlying entitlement. When asked what my ethnicity is I always respond that I
am Italian/French Catholic. To me "Italian" and "French" are words without meaning, as my
ethnicity does not define who I am. At the age of eleven, my family moved from New York to
California. Recently, I have begun to feel that I lost out knowing my family history and what it
means to belong to a particular ethnic group. I missed being part of my family's gatherings at
holiday's, marriages, births, and deaths. I lost connections and experiences that enrich one's life; the
foundation of whom you are and where you come from. Shared experiences between family
members bind them

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