Parthenon Vs Pantheon Research Paper

Parthenon Vs Pantheon Research Paper
The Parthenon and the Pantheon are both examples of classical architecture. They share many common architectural features due to the proximity of
their builders. Their differences stem largely from the cultural differences of the Greeks and Romans. Those cultural differences extend even to the
present day as both sites are currently in use in different capacities.
The Parthenon is located in Athens, Greece and was completed in 432BC. It was championed by Perikles, a local politician. It was built as a temple for
the goddess Athena, the goddess of wisdom, courage, justice, law, and mathematics. Additionally, she was seen as the patron goddess of Athens
(Athena, nd). The Parthenon was built at the height of Athenian power, and served the additional function of a show of strength and wealth (Parthenon,
nd). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a rectangular structure surrounded by columns. The columns are characteristic of the Doric order with very simple decorations and a short stature.
A statue of Athena served as one of the main decorations. The Parthenon's architect made use of the Greek knowledge of mathematics, especially
geometry, to produce striking visual effects. The proportions of the Parthenon are said to approximate the golden ratio, yet another example of the
Greek use of mathematics in design. To date, much of the Parthenon has been restored. It is currently a protected historical monument, and a major
tourist attraction (Parthenon, nd).
The Pantheon is located in Rome, Italy, and was completed in 126 AD. Like the Parthenon, it was built for a religious purpose. However, where the
Parthenon was designed to honor one goddess, the Pantheon was designed to honor multiple gods. It was originally championed by Marcus Agrippa,
and was his private sanctuary. This original structure was severely damaged in a fire in 80AD. The temple in its present form was rebuilt by the
emperor Hadrian (Pantheon,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Construction Of The Parthenon In Athens, Greece
The Parthenon is located in Athens,Greece. It was constructed approximately in 447 BC and completed around 432 BC as a temple dedicated to the
Goddess Athena., which the original one was destroyed in Persian Invasion of 480 BC. The Parthenon was used primarily as a treasury. In the sixth
century AD, it was converted into a Christian church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. During the Ottoman conquest it became a Mosque which was
around 1460's. The Parthenon was partially destroyed in 1687.
The architects were Iktinos and Kallikrates with a mention of Vitruv and dedicated to the GoddessAthena Pallas or Parthenos (virgin). It's main function
was to house the statues of Athena which were made of gold and ivory by Phedias. The inner chamber was unusually large so it could house the
oversized statue of Athena. The greater width and length of the Parthenon features double decked columns instead of walls. The back room sheltered
Athena's treasure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the temples of Greece were designed to be seen from the outside. When one moves toward the east and then looking at the exterior of the temple
visitors would be mesmerized by the beauty of the Parthenon. It was a scene that Athenians could relate to, thus making the transition between the
earth and the divine one. It is certain that the master architech's came up with the design of the Parthenon to be thought of as a theatrical event. They
wanted man to be in awe. Reading about all the purposes of each decision that was made in the building made realize the creativity of the Greek
culture.Knowing that every column was placed with purpose to draw your eye in a certain line, the direction it set was intentional so as to allow the
sun to shine through the temple to make one believe they were beholding the awesome power of their

The Changes In Temple Architecture In The Hellenistic Period
Temple architecture in the archaic period slowly but steadily changed over time, there was a change in the materials used and their ground plan,
elevation, and decoration. As the changes in temple architecture were the considered the past features while adding new detail that expanded the
abilities of style. Two main systems of design were the Doric and Ionic orders. They both had the same basic principles for foundation and ground
plan. They were both rectangular in shape, consisted of a levelling course, three steps on top of the levelling course, and the stylobate on top of the
steps marking the floor of the temple. The temple consisted on cult rooms surrounded by the colonnade. There were a few differences in column forms
and entablature.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Spartan life was very strict in may aspects. Also, their government was essentially an oligarchy, with a council of a smaller body to make important
decisions. Athens, with major developments in architecture and art, showed much contrast to Sparta. The city was dominated by two hills, Pnyx and
the Acropolis. Pnyx is where meetings where held and the Acropolis was turning to a religious sanctuary. The city's civic center, the Agora, took on
the secular role during the early Archaic period. The land had precise borders marked by boundary stones. Athens was well known for its pottery and
sculpture. The figural painted pots and carved sculpture gave us a multitude of pictures of ancient Greek people and animals, real, legendary, and
divine, and the world, natural and built, within which they lived, and of their actions and behavior. Historical pottery found in the city are attic
black–figure and red–figure pottery. Their sculptures portrayed men and their naked body and females clothed to show their pureness. All in all, these
Greek cities added essential aspects to Greek

Looking At The Pantheon
In opening, I believe the first item of significance with both building is there location, both were placed at the highest point in their respective cities.
Obviously, these sites were chosen for a reason. My intention is to share my thoughts on why.
First let's examine the Parthenon in Greece which was built as a tribute to the goddess Athena, and inside was placed almost 39–foot–tall statue of
Athena. The other purpose of the Parthenon was the replacement of two smaller temples. It also said the building housed a treasury room. I have
very little doubt the building was first and foremost designed as tribute to not only Athena, in looking at the intricate design located on the building,
it was built as a symbol to many Greek gods and displayed the power and importance of each to Greek society. The prestige of having such a building
built at the highest point in the city just emits power. I can only imagine what it must have felt like see this from a far.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Even today it is used as a house of worship by the Roman Catholic Church.
It does seem the romans may have borrowed a little bit of Greek Architecture when designing this building judging by the front entrance. Once inside it
is all roman, with the large rotunda and statues built into the walls. Much like the Parthenon the Pantheon was also built on what was at the time was
the highest point in the city, my guess is this was more to please the gods then the people. While the romans did amass great wealth, they seemed at
that time to be more centered on their culture and

Doric Temple Research Paper
Using suitable examples, briefly describe the form and origins of the Doric Temple, and discuss the level of refinement achieved by the Parthenon
At the start of the Archaic period Greek civilisations began to outgrow the capabilities of the lands they owned. This led to them setting out in search
for new land and territories to inhabit. These new territories expanded around Sicily, Southern Italy, North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean and
were set out in a grid like plan that the Greeks were known for developing. These new colonies were usually laid out in a rectangular form with a
defensive wall surrounding the perimeter. There would be a centralised point in which everything was built around. This point tended to be a temple or
market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These optical refinements are seen as just another major architectural innovation achieved by the Parthenon. The columns have an inward tilt to create
the illusion of perspective in the elevations. Every vertical member of the temple is inclined. The impression of horizontal perspective on the facades is
created by the contraction of the columns at the corners, this is repeated in the metopes next to the corner triglyphs. The column shafts are given the
illusion of being straight with barely visible swelling. The horizontal members of the Parthenon all display the same level of convexity, this includes the
architrave, the frieze and the cornice, as well as the stylobate. All of these precise adjustments made to the structure make the Parthenon appear sharper
and emphasise right angles.
As said by John Julius Norwhich;
"The Parthenon...enjoys the reputation of being the most perfect Doric temple ever built. Even in antiquity, its architectural refinements were legendary."
With a Doric/Ionic hybrid the Parthenon manages surpass all other Doric temples. Doric temples are renowned for being simplistic and rather basic.
The Parthenon is anything but simple. The level of technical detailing is huge. The high level of craft and sculptor taken from Ionic temples and
implemented into a Doric design reflects the wisdom and power in which Athena stands for, yet incorporates

Importance Of The Colosseum
The functions religious or otherwise, of the colosseum were irrelevant to the ultimate design of the architecture.
"Once the colosseum had been built it seems to have become the model for many, if not most, of those that followed" (Hopkins and Beard 2005, 24).
The Colosseum stands proudly upon the villainous Emperor Nero's once grand Valley of the Golden House, projecting the munificence of Imperial
Roman Architecture of the Flavian period. Its ultimate design could be said to be formed through purpose or function. However, this does not do
justice to the importance of architecture within Roman society (Thornton and Thornton in Lyes 1999, 2). The functions whether it be religious or
otherwise, of the Colosseum were irrelevant to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diameter of the entire Colosseum was thus reduced and convention disregarded to take into consideration this architectural feature. Looking in
detail at the classical orders themselves which made up the levels of the faГ§ade and the 80 grand entrances of the Colosseum it would appear to not be
revolutionary. However, if you engage with the architecture closer it reveals further Roman architectural ingenuity and the importance of the structures
appearance.
Traditionally Roman buildings saw the use of the classical Greek Doric order on ground levels (without bases) with the more decorative orders of
Ionic and Corinthian stacked above this (Lyes 1999, 6). However, in the Colosseum these orders were stacked and used in a way which had no
previous precedent in Roman architecture (Lyes 1999, 6). The design sees the orders dramatically reduced, which has the columns that are engaged
within the structure constructed with bases, and the column shaft themselves missing the usual entasis of classic Greek orders, this all leads to a
much–simplified capital. Between each stacked order there is a triple facia architrave, a relatively plain designed freeze and cornice (Lyes 1999, 6).
The use of the classical orders in this manner within the design of the Colosseum, without precedent, was in fact not structural but a faГ§ade or veneer.
This allowed the

Architecture Of The Colosseum
"Once the Colosseum had been built, it seems to have become the model for many, if not most, of those that followed" (Hopkins and Beard 2005, 24).
The Colosseum stands proudly upon the villainous Emperor Nero's once grand Valley of the Golden House, projecting the munificence of Imperial
Roman Architecture. Its ultimate design could be said to be formed through purpose or function. However, this does not do justice to the importance of
architecture within Roman society (Thornton and Thornton in Lyes 1999, 2). The functions, whether it be religious or otherwise, of the Colosseum were
irrelevant to the ultimate design of the architecture, as the architectural features contained within the Colosseum's ultimate design created an "instant
archetype, a marker of 'Romanness' across the empire" (Hopkins and Beard 2005, 25). The clever use of the classical orders and faГ§ades, and
adaptation of existing Roman architecture of the period allowed the Colosseum to become a model for many subsequent Roman amphitheatres, whilst
showing the ingenuity of Roman architecture of the period.
The architectural vocabulary of the Colosseum saw the clever use of existing Roman design practices to create a final structure which became a
precedent for all Amphitheatres which followed. Thus, highlighting the overriding importance of the aesthetics the ultimate design displayed. The
importance of the appearance in the final design's architecture begins with the conventions which were used for

Greek Architecture Dbq
Just before you go to sleep, you image yourself taking a ride to the White House. You then notice it's beautiful columns. As you look through columns,
this type of architecture is ancient Greek. There are other place to find these Greek columns. Besides architecture, other developments from ancient
civilizations have an impact on our world today, such as roads and Gregorian calendar. An example of how the ancient Roman civilization that has an
effect in our world today is architecture. The Greek builders made three stone columns that were used in the Lincoln memorial, Jefferson Memorial, and
the Supreme Court (Doc. 1). The three type of stone columns that were used on these buildings are doric, ionic, and corinthian (Doc.1). These Greek
columns

Unit 2 Compare And Contrast Parthenon With Pantheon
Written Assignment Unit 2
Compare and Contrast Parthenon with Pantheon
University of the People
The House of the Virgin, [1] versus a temple for Every Divinity, [2] built using two completely different construction techniques, both are equal in
magnificence. Let's start by exploring how both temples where constructed. We will begin with the Parthenon, if only because it was built five hundred
fifty seven years prior to the Pantheon.
The Parthenon is dedicated to Athena, the goddess of wisdom and military victory. [3] Built as a post and lintel temple, the Parthenon is by no means
the largest temple built in ancient Greece, nor the most elaborate. It has however survived mostly intact through nearly twenty five centuries, including
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both cultures had military conquests, and control over vast areas of what is now Southern Europe, North Africa, the Mediterranean, Aegean and central
Asia. Both cultures worshiped a diverse group of gods and deities, at least until monotheism took root and both cultures built large scale public works
for the betterment of society.
Word count 500
1.Parthenon. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2015, from http://www.ancient.eu/parthenon/
2.(n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2015, from http://www.turismoroma.it/cosa–fare/pantheon?lang=en
3.Athena, goddess of wisdom. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2015, from http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Herakles/athena.html
4.(n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2015, from

Parthenon And Pantheon Analysis
When the Romans invaded Greece, they returned with an admiration of their art, culture, and architecture. When you look at the Greek Parthenon and
the Roman Pantheon, it is evident that the Romans took a lot of ideas from Greek designers. However, they also added their innovations and designs.
Though the Parthenon is now a ruin, it was built in part due to Pericles within the years 447 and 432 BCE (2012) and was used as a temple to honor the
goddess, Athena. Immediately, the similarities you can notice is the columns that surround the temple. While the Parthenon has Doric columns, the
Pantheon is held up by the more ornate, Corinthian columns. Additionally, on the outside, you can see relief carvings on the pediments, whereas the
Pantheon only has a more practical phrase in Latin, "Built by Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, consul for the third time." (2014, para. 3) However, the
most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The building that is still now a Catholic Chruch in Rome (n.d) was built during Hadrian's reign in 125 CE. One large difference between the two
structures is that the Pantheon has a large rotunda. On the outside, there isn't much to distinguish the temple from others, however, inside the rotunda,
it is an amazing work of architecture and art. Almost everything was covered in bronze, from the double doors to the ceiling panels. Even the dome
itself is an incredible work of art. Like the Parthenon, it is believed the Pantheon was used as a temple. Though as Cartwright explains, it might have
another use, "... the Pantheon may have been designed as a place where the emperor could make public appearances in a setting which reminded
onlookers of his divine status, equal with the other gods of the Roman pantheon and his deified emperor predecessors." (2013, para. 2) The grand
interior also supports this theory. It seems like a place made for royalty more than common

Ancient Greek Culture Vs Corinthian Culture
Two ancient contributions that influence our culture today are the architecture of ancient Greece and the Gregorian Calendar. First of all, Greek
builders built a structure called a column. It helped support buildings so that they were less likely to collapse.The Doric order is the oldest and most
simple order. The columns have no base and the columns have a very simple capital. In other words, Doric buildings were the least decorated.
Archaeologists believe that Doric architectural buildings, which were built in stone, evolved from wooden buildings that were very similar. The Ionic
order is more decorative than the Doric. The columns are taller and thinner, and the capitals at the top of the columns are decorated. The Corinthian
order is a

Ancient Greek Culture: The Parthenon In Athens
Ancient Greek and Roman culture left numerous magnificent monuments that attest to the architectural skill of these two civilizations. These
monuments remain standing until today which is a good evidence on their knowledge of how to choose building materials, make building formulas,
how to design, and other secrets of how to build strong buildings that last for centuries.
One of the greatest Greek monuments is the Parthenon in Athens, built for Goddess Athena. The prominent Athenian politician, Perikles supported its
construction. The work on this building began when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power in 447 BC and continued until 432. The
Parthenon, then, represented the blossoming of Athenian imperial power (web.archive.org,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Basically, it is built in the Doric order; it has a rectangular floor plan and a single row of pillars on all sides. The elements from Ionic order are a
continuous sculpted frieze and four Ionic columns to support the roof of the opisthodomos. There are an additional six columns in front of each
entrance. The naos is the larger of the two interior rooms contains the cult statue. The opisthodomos is the smaller room and was functioned as a
treasury (web.archive.org, n.d.). The Parthenon's frieze and metope have rich decoration which agrees with the function of the temple as a treasury
(Wikipedia, n.d.).
Now let's explore the most influential building of ancient Rome; the Pantheon. The Pantheon is a Roman temple built by the emperor Hadrian and
dedicated to all the gods of Rome (Rome.info, n.d.). It has a circular shape in addition to a porch that leads to the entrance. It is known as the portico
and has large Corinthian columns made of granite. A concrete dome tops the circular part which called the rotunda. There is an opening in the center of
the dome that reveals the ski to the eye. The Pantheon has been turned into a church dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs since the 7th century
(Wikipedia,

A Comparison Of The Acropolis And Chartres Cathedral
The Acropolis and Chartres Cathedral are two building with immense historical and cultural value that are admired to this day. In Arts and Ideas,
Marien Warner and William Fleming discuss about the physical features and purposes of these iconic structures and the ingenuity implemented in them.
They were not only build as religious or cultural centers, but also to prove that they are capable of producing works that are different and revolutionary
with regards of their esthetics and architecture.
Although Chartres and the Acropolis are very different from a visual standpoint, they were both used for religious and cultural purposes. TheChartres
Cathedral was visited by thousands because of its shrine and celebrations dedicated to the Virgin Mary that were "unique to the Cathedral of
Chartres" (Marien and Fleming 193). Being "the geographical center of the medieval town", the cathedral was used for town meetings and social
gatherings where theatrical and musical performances were housed. Also, it was a representation of the town as an indication is the "size and height
of its cathedral" (Marien 193). The Acropolis was, like Chartres, was used for a variety of reasons like "their religious, cultural, and civic
ceremonies" (Acropolis 26). In the agora people were selling and buying goods, having discussions, and conducting city affairs. In addition one could
have even heard Socrates "arguing with the Sophists" (Acropolis 26). In the Theater of Dionysus (dedicated to the god of

The Acropolis: The City Of Athens
The word Acropolis comes from two Greek words meaning "edge" (acro) and "city" (–opolis). An acropolis is a complex built in a high area, usually
on a hill. It is generally found in an extremely rocky region, just above Athens. The Acropolis is set 490 feet in the sky above the city of Athens and
is approximately 7 acres. It's most important buildings were constructed during the years of 495 BCE and 429 BCE. This was during the reign of
Pericles. The Acropolis was originally meant to protect Athens from attacks. It served as a fortress. There are other acropolis', however, the one in
Athens is the most famous.In an effort to construct these buildings, Pericles hired skilled architects to build the acropolis. He had hundreds of people

Roman Pantheon Research Paper
Ancient Architectural Prodigies of the Greeks and Romans Initial observations of the Roman Pantheon from the front appear to be similar to the ruins
of the Greek Parthenon, but really both structures are somewhat unique in their composition, purpose, design, and fate. Constructed over half of a
millennium after the Parthenon was built, the Pantheon, built in 27 B.C., exhibits some of the architectural styles and characteristics of its predecessor.
However, the Romans refined Greek building techniques, thereby developing a unique and more advanced architectural style. Although their names
resemble each other, the Pantheon and the Parthenon possess contrasting translations of their names. The Parthenon was built as a temple for
worshipping a single deity, Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom. Parthenos is a Greek word that means virgin and the Greeks considered Athena to
be a "virgin goddess" (Beard 44). On the contrary, the Pantheon was initially used as a temple for worshipping multiple Roman deities. Pantheon is
translated from the Greek word pan, meaning all, and theon, which means building of the gods (Tuck 219). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Forty–six columns encompassed the outer edge of the building, with fifteen on each side and eight on each end, counting the corners with the ends.
Internally, thirty–four additional columns were utilized for ornamentation and support. In contrast, the Pantheon's most distinguishing feature is its
colossal rotunda, 141 feet in diameter, resting on a gigantic concrete drum, which together could contain a sphere of the same diameter (Tuck 219,221).
Adjoined to the rotunda, at the entrance, an intermediate block and a porch with a high pediment serves to hide prospective glimpses of it from the
front (Tuck

The Established Rules For The Doric And Corinthian Orders...
In Book 4, Vitruvius writes on the established rules for the Doric and Corinthian orders, and explains the differences and peculiarities.
Chapter I: The Origins of the Three Orders, and the Proportions of the Corinthian Capital
In chapter 1, Vitruvius writes of the proportions of the Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian columns and the similarities and differences. The three architectural
order by its capital are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Corinthian columns, apart from in their capitals that has the same proportions as in the Ionic order,
but the height of the capitals taller than the Ionic capitals that give it a slimmer appearance. In Corinthian style two thirds are added capitals, that gives
a slender appearance to the length of the columns. Corinthian columns are composed either of the Doric proportions or uses the Ionic, and the
Corinthian order does not have any peculiar arrangement for its cornices or other ornaments. The Corinthian order may be arranged with a frieze
decorated with sculptures that is accompanied with dentils and coronae. The Corinthian order may include mutules in the coronae and guttae with the
architraves as the triglyph system of the Doric style or as the Ionic style.
Doric was the first to have rules for their symmetry to tolerate large sums of weight, and also to a satisfactory appearance of beauty. They measured a
man 's foot and compared this with his height, finding that the foot was one sixth of the height, and they applied the same principle

Crotone Research Paper
Crotone – The tiny spot on Italian Map Crotone is one of the cities as well as a commune in the Calabria region. The Province of Crotone is a
comparatively young city bordering the southwest part Calabria. Eastwards, the Province of Crotone overlooks the Ionian Sea. The most famous
aspect of the city is the color of the Ionian See that it overlooks. The color of the water changes and that is the uniqueness of the place. It fades out
from light blue to an emerald green, thereby embellishing the coast in an out of this world way, so much so that it is regarded as a protected place
from the year 1991. The sea area comprises of Capo Rizzuto, which is the most extensive sea area in entire Italy, with a total sea area of 15,000
hectares. There are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The island is the birthplace of Ugurk–Ali, the famous commander of the imperial fleet of Constantinople. The Provincial territory is home to a wide
variety of places with geological as well as naturalistic interest. They include the Montagnella Park that is home to the Giglietto Valley as well as
the summit of the Pizzuta Mountain. The other memorable place of tourist interest is the Sila National Park. The National Park is home to some
dense forests and woods, which are inestimable natural heritage for the entire community as well as for entire Italy. Then there is the village of
Palumbo, which is considered as one of the most prosperous places in terms and arts, culture and folklore. The village of Palumbo is home to some
marvelous landscapes, from the Lake Ampollino to the endless forest regions that are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna and wildlife. Another
village, Principe, which is situated at an altitude of 4,853 ft, is immersed in thick woods beech and black pine and is also enriched by amazing

Roman Art Research Paper
Roman Art Introduction: Ancient Romans copied Greek art but also had many unique art of their own. Art in Ancient Rome was either architecture,
sculptures, or paintings. The Roman Artists admired and studied Greek statues, buildings, and ideas. They coped Greek in many ways. However, they
alternated Greek's ideas to suit their own needs. Body: Architecture – The Romans adored Greek architecture. The Romans used Greek–style porches
and colonnades. Colonnades were rows of columns. In addition to porches and columns, Roman artists added their own features, such as arches and
domes. Roman builders were the first to make arches. Arches supported bridges and buildings as well as curved ceilings called vaults. Romans were
also the first to invent

The Classical Style Of The Ancient Greece And The United...
Neo– Classicism in France and the United States
The classical style of the ancient Athens, derived from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome in the 15th century, has had a universal impact on many
cultures during previous time periods. The classical period reflected traditional forms focused on symmetry and elegance; it flourished during the time
of the Renaissance through artist such as Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo De Vinci. The artists' main goal was to attain the absolute beauty in
their art by showing emotion through detail, almost through perfection. Some examples of well–known classical arts during the Renaissance were
'Belvedere Torso' and the 'Medici Venus'. In the 17th century the classical style was revived, now called the neo
–classical style. It was born in Rome but
its popularity flourished all over Europe. The neo–classical movement clashed with the age of Enlightment and continued through the 19th century. The
neo–classical principles were based around the same characteristics as the classical arts such as: balance, proportion, order, simplicity, clarity, and
reason. It was strongest in architect, sculpture, and decorative arts. The neo– classical style continued to spread throughout the world and became
sought after in the 17th and 18th century in countries such as France and The United States, and it influenced some of the greatest government buildings
in America.
Neoclassicism can be seen as a political movement as well as an artistic and cultural one.

Mythology Retold Through Entertainment Outlets Essay
Mythology Retold Through Entertainment Outlets
The world of Art and Architecture has continually provided the tools to communicate many differing concepts or ideas such as political ideologies like
socialism to simple folk–tales or intricate narratives. The elements of Greek Art and Architecture and its direct connection to mythology is the main
focus of this essay. I will present the comparison of a "new" representation of a Greek Temple used in theset design of, The Clash of the Titans; to the
original where its influence is traced to the classic of all Greek Temples, the Parthenon. By illustrating this comparison of new to original, I hope to
communicate the idea of how contemporary society has attempted to retell mythology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Argos, located upon the eastern coast of Peloponnese ( a region of Macedonia ) is considered the western area of Greece from where the Doric order
originated from. The Doric order is represented through this sensationalized work of film through the columns of the architecture destroyed by one of
nature's elements. It is through this romanticized version of mythology in film, that Greek mythology as well as history has reached a wider audience.
The influence for which the set design of The Clash of the Titans was based upon the High Classical period, where the differing orders were
clearly represented. The original I have chosen is one of the most well known Greek Temples, the Parthenon; it is the most influential of the
architectural monuments as well as one of the most admired. The Parthenon was built as a temple to honor the Goddess of War, Wisdom, City and
Civilization, Athena; she was deemed the protector of Athens, where the temple is located. The construction of this temple at the Acropolis began
around 490 BCE and ended in 438 BCE. The Parthenon itself was a composite of both Doric and Ionic orders as it was located in between the
eastern and western regions of Greece. The Doric order of the Parthenon is what will be stressed for its significance, as it related to the Temple located
in Argos.
The Parthenon as a well known architectural icon has had major influence upon all other reconstruction of Greek

Winged Victory Of Samothrace Essay
The topic I chose is the Winged Victory of Samothrace. The most famous monument of Samothrace– and one of the earliest discoveries– is the great
Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Samothrace. It was discovered in April 1863 by a French expedition led by archaeologist
Charles Champoiseau. The Victory stands about 8 feet tall by herself, but with the ship prow, the statue stands at a little over 18 feet tall. The Winged
Victory of Samothrace is thought to have been created around 200–190 BC. The Victory is made from Parian marble and the ship pedestal is made
from gray Lartos marble. For the ancient Greeks, the goddess Nike represented the personification of victory. In the case of this particular work of art,
there are many

Analysis Of The Temple Of Hera
The Early Classical Greek Temple of Hera II from Paestum, Italy, built circa 460 BCE, has influenced many works, such as the Carolingian Palatine
Chapel built by Odo of Metz in Aachen, Germany from 792–805 BCE under command of the patron, Charlemagne. The Second Temple of Hera is one
of the most studied Greek temples since it is in such good condition and has so much to offer historians. The Palatine Chapel, highly inspired by
ancient Greek architectural design, was closely supervised by Charlemagne as his personal project, and built by Odo of Metz. The Temple ofHera II
and the Palatine Chapel are similar due to the influence ancient Greek works had on later European art, such as the Carolingian period. Art from these
periods influenced the important aspects of art seen today. Religion was a huge motivator for both of these periods, and held deep emotional
connections for many artists. I find this to be somewhat relatable, since I also need emotional attachment as a motivator to complete my artwork
sometimes. These designs resemble those of today in the amount of effort and forethought put into planning and building them, however, the
complexity of these older religious structures lies in the artistic and visual nature of the building, rather than the efficiency–related accomodations one
would observe today. This demonstrates the metamorphosis of human priorities over the centuries. Both of the images to be discussed (Temple of Hera
II and Palatine Chapel) speak to the

The Longworth House Office Building, Thomas Jefferson...
What I would like to point out especially is its capital. The building has capitals with two volutes, which was very common in the Ionic order. Each
column consists of the capital, shaft, and base, which is analogous to the basic form of the Ionic order. "The most important feature of the Ionic order is
the frieze, which is usually carved with relief sculpture arranged in a continuous pattern around the building"(Hemingway, 2003). However, the feature
was not applied to this building. Both in the Doric and the Ionic, the column are fluted but these columns have smooth surfaces. During my research, I
found that many architectures identified as the Ionic order style, actually have smooth surface columns as well (ex. the Longworth House Office
Building, Thomas Jefferson Memorial). Various architectural designs that the Western society has adopted demonstrates how heavily they are
influenced by the Ancient Greek culture and the Roman culture. During those eras, the buildings were intended to communicate its function to the
viewer automatically. Known as architecture parlante (which literally meant "speaking architecture"), its purpose was to explain its identity to the
viewer. The term used for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
shows homage to the Greek style of architecture. Brown's passion for the stately style is well evidenced in many San Francisco landmarks such as
the Opera House, the Veterans Building, Coit Tower, and others (Zelenko, 2012). During the time those buildings were built, the Neoclassical
movement became widely spread and popular especially among those U.S. landmarks referred to as the nation's "Crown Jewel". It makes sense that
Brown chose the neoclassical style, as an expression of loyalty and respect for his own alma mater because the style is comprised of precision and
superiority of workmanship of the Ancient Greek

Greek Perfection Essay
The Perfection by the Classical Greek People Vs. Today The pursuit of perfection shown by the Classical Greek people years ago, were Architecture.
The Classical Greek people perfection was created from generation to generation. Every structure was skillful put together. "The design of graceful
columned Greek temples has influenced architecture from the Renaissance to modern times. Greek sculpture established an ideal standard for the
human form that served as a model for artists in ages to come." Greeks not only discovered the Architectural skills but also use it to create human like
figures from mud and wood like structures. These structures were created by in the 700 BC which potteries structures. Today, architecture structures
from years

Essay about Techniques Used by Ancient Greek Architects
Greece is a small country on the southern end of Europe's Balkan Peninsula. While a relatively small area of geography, the country was a focal point of
power and influence in the ancient world as well as today. Greek architects were relentless in their quest for perfection, used meticulous attention to
detail and created many innovations. The methods used were tremendously sophisticated and complex even in comparison to modern times. Techniques
used by ancient Greek architects are still used today and are copied around the world. Without exception, the techniques used at that time have been
unequivocally influential throughout the world and formed the foundation for modern architecture today.From 2000–1000 BC was the Bronze Age of...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its citizens who could trace their families back for generations to the foundation of the community. (Darling xxvii) During the Geometric period,
architecture was reintroduced primarily for religious purposes. Before the Geometric period, religious services were held in simple sanctuaries that
were surrounded by a wall. In the center of these sacred places was an altar. However, during the Geometric period, they began to build houses for the
Gods. These early temples were constructed of sun–dried brick, with stone foundations and thatched roofs. The onset of new innovative building
techniques used to build the Temple of Hera a new style started and the Geometric period ended. Instead of a simple long, narrow room with columns
down the center typical of the Geometric period, a more elaborate colonnaded building began to appear. This style of temple became an example for
future religious architecture. The next period of Greek's history is the Orientalizing Period. During this period, trade began to expand, the polis of
Corinth became a commercial center in Europe. During this time, there was much political unrest and tyrants began to emerge. A majority of these
tyrants were from Corinth. These tyrants had a love for the arts and architecture and increased funding for these things. As a result, much
experimentation in different types of architecture occurred. The post– and lintel system was introduced. Because of the increase in trade, ideas for

The Parthenon: Most Beautiful Architectural Structures In...
After reviewing the lectures and smart history materials, I found that the Parthenon was very interesting. I believe that the Parthenon is one of the most
beautiful architectural structures in Greek history. It was built around 447–432 BCE, and is located on the hill of Acropolis. Individuals named, Iktinos
and Kallikrates were the architects of this temple. This structure was actually so important and popular that replicas of this temple were built in other
locations such as Nashville, Tennessee. TheParthenon is made completely out of marble and was built in devotion to a Greek goddess named Athena.
This temple shows the authority, prosperity and culture of the Athenian society (Ancient–Greece).
The Parthenon was attacked and burned by

Greek Architecture Essay
Characteristics of Greek Architecture:–
INTRODUCTION:–
Instead of covering nearly every bit of space with ornament, as the Egyptians did, the Greeks selected only the best places for it, and thus gave it its
proper effect. The decorations, especially the sculptures, were one of the chief features of a Greek temple. Besides their temples the Greeks built many
theaters which may be studied from their ruins, but of their dwelling–houses almost nothing remains to us.
The Greek style is noted for the repose, harmony, and proportion of its effect. These are terms we might use in speaking of a painting, but they relate
to the composition of a building which is, in many respects, similar to the composition of a picture. In selecting his ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The most important of the Ionic temples left to us is the Erechtheum at Athens. It differs from other temples in its irregularity. This makes it doubly
interesting for it shows that although the Greeks nearly always adhered to one simple form, they could dispense with it when they wished. In the
Erechtheum, they wished to provide for several shrines in one building, and under one roof. The irregularity they have made so beautiful and
interesting that it is a wonder they did not repeat the idea many times in other structures. Its two colonnades of different designs, its remarkable north
doorway, and the famous caryatid porch to the south are unsurpassed. Another temple, that of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus, was known as one of the
seven wonders of the ancient world.
THE GREEK CORINTHIAN ORDER:–
This is the most ornate of the classical orders, and the most slender in its proportions. The capital is shaped somewhat like a bell inverted, and is
adorned with rows of acanthus leaves. A great example of the, third, or Corinthian order is the monument of Lysicrates at Athens.
"Straight is the line of duty."
"Curved is the line of beauty"
"Follow the one and it shall be; The other shall always follow thee."
For such reasons, Greek architecture was called "Intellectual".
"Where on the Aegean shore a city stands,
Built nobly, pure the air and light the soil;

Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts and

Comparing The Parthenon Building In Ancient Rome And Greece
Introduction
Any civilization, race or nations is characterized by some specific elements or characteristics. The way houses and buildings are made play also a
crucial role in people lives and the culture of this civilization. In this assignment we are to consider how the style and function (use) of each building in
the ancient Rome and Greece. In addition to this, I will consider the similarities and differences that exist between ancient Greece and Rome. Having a
basic understanding of these two influential cultures is helpful when considering the whole history of Western art.
Body
Let us start with the Parthenon building. It clearly stated that:" the Parthenon is a Doric peripheral temple, which means that it consists of a rectangular

The Parthenon: A Symbol Of Ancient Greek Culture
Ancient Greek civilization provided notable ideas and approaches due to their large emphasis on creativity and individualism. Much of the Greek's
culture is currently shown through various forms including philosophy, sport, democracy and food. In particular, Greek architecture plays an important
role in how structures are built in present day society. One of the most impressive and extraordinary structures built during the Ancient Greek period is
the Parthenon. Built in honor of the Greek goddess Athena, the Parthenon stands as a symbol of Greek architecture and culture. Although the Parthenon
served many functions,"the temple's main function was to shelter the monumental statue of Athena that was made by Pheidias out of gold and ivory"
(The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the Persians had destroyed the original parthenon nearly thirty five years before, the esteemed politician Pericles led the reconstruction project of
the temple. Using the same structure as before, Pericles pieced together the Parthenon using influences of the Doric and Ionic orders. While adding on
columns to lengthen the temple while still maintaining the same nine to four ratio used to measure out the height and width of the steps and
columns(Hurwit 166). The three Temples of this age are put into categories called 'orders', which are based on the structure of the columns and the
floorplan of each level. Use of the Doric order utilized the simple, yet elegant design of the columns which the Parthenon is so famous for. Ionic
influences help bring about intricate design which gives the temple its unique look. The subject of the freezes decorating the building were unusual in
that typically, it was scenes from Greek mythology that were chosen to decorate buildings. In the procession depicted on the freeze, were horsemen,
dignitaries, musicians, chariots, and the Gods with Athena at the center. This design was more often seen in treasury buildings and most likely reflects
the Parthenon's uses as a treasury and a temple of worship. Upon completion, this monolithic temple towered approximately thirty four feet high upon
the Acropolis of Athens inGreece. Although

Characteristics Of Greek Revival Architecture
Greek Revival (1825–1860) Greek Revival architecture was a building style that emerged in Europe and the United States in the late eighteen and
early nineteenth centuries. It took elements of classical Greek architecture and used them in a wide variety of buildings. The style became especially
popular in the United States around 1820.It is an outstanding example of a style that gained esteem by exploring parallels between an earlier culture
and the present day. This style is an international that first seemed in the 1820s and really grew in America throughout the 1830s and '40s. At the time,
the ancient Greece was the source of inspiration for America. (Kennedy, R. 1989). From 1820 until the Civil War, architectural adaptations of the Greek
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was a genuine removal of the previously popular styles that drew motivation from the classical forms of ancient Greece and Rome. Both the
Gothic Revival style and the Greek Revival style looked to be same to each other in the past, and both remained popular throughout the mid–19th
century while there are specifically differences .In addition, the Gothic Revival style in America was advanced by architects Alexander Jackson Davis
and Andrew Jackson Downing, authors of important house plan books, Rural Residences (1837), Cottage Residences (1842), and The Architecture of
Country Houses (1850). (Mathews,

Analysis Of Oath Of The Horatii
Oath of the Horatii is life size oil on canvas painting that is about thirteen feet wide by ten feet tall. The painting was done by Jacques–Louis David,
who was the leading Neoclassical painter in France during the eighteenth century. David rejected the Rococo style that was popular of that time, which
was characterized by fantasy and playfulness. David was interested in painting images with antiquity. TheOath of the Horatii has elements of classical
Greek and Roman art and architecture. Oath of the Horatii was a political painting that David had comprised to stimulate the publics attention (Fred S.
Kleiner 680).
Oath of the Horatii captures a heroic and patriotic moment. Something big is happening in this composition. There are three Horatii brothers taking
an oath, which is being administered by their father. The oath they are taking is to live or die for their country, which happens to be Rome. While
taking this oath, the Horatii brothers are facing their father. They stand in unison with one another. They each have one leg and arm extending out.
The father holds three swords up and out towards the Horatii brothers in the same pose. The Horatii brothers extended arms are saluting towards the
swords. The postures of all four men appear upright and strong. There is no emotion of fear on their faces. The brothers appear athletic and fit. This
can be seen in the muscular details of their legs and arms. They appear bold and ready to sacrifice their lives. The father does not

Greek Culture And The Pantheon
Greek culture for centuries has been characterized by its great potential and emphasis on art, mostly with the work of marble in different appearances
and aspects. Among Greek culture, the sculptures of characters emphasizing the past Greek generations are very common when talking about their
culture. In fact, these sculptures are recognized as transgenerational cultural heritages that give us an outlook of what their lives, customs, and cultures
were in the first centuries. However, there is another aspect highly recognized in Greek culture and it is the Pantheon, a majestic architecture that
conveyed Greek culture in one of the highest classical cultures throughout history. In addition to being seen as a majestic work of art by its imprecise

Greek Sanctuary Essay
The Greek sanctuary rose as the model place of worship ever. Dissimilar to the Egyptians, the Greeks put their dividers inside to ensure the cella and
their segments all things considered, where they could express outside space. Maybe interestingly, the overriding concern is for the building seen as a
wonderful question remotely, while in the meantime containing valuable and sacrosanct internal space. Greek designers have been commended for not
pounding the viewer with over monumentality; yet they thought that it was suitable to construct sanctuaries on essentially the same topic running in
size from the little Temple of Nike Apteros (427–424 BC) of around 6 by 9 m (around 20 by 30 ft) on the Athens Acropolis to the huge Temple of Zeus
(500? BC) at Agrigento in Sicily, which secured more than 1 hectare (more than 2 sections of land). The Greeks sometimes masterminded their
landmarks... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sympathy toward the profile of the building in space impelled fashioners toward flawlessness in the enunciation of parts, and these parts got to be
intellectualized as stylobate, base, shaft, capital, architrave, frieze, cornice, and pediment, each speaking to figuratively its basic reason.
Two requests grew pretty much simultaneously. The Doric request prevailed on the territory and in the western settlements. The recognized Doric
perfect work of art is the Parthenon (448–432 BC) delegated the Athens Acropolis (see Parthenon).
The Ionic request began in the urban areas on the islands and shores of Asia Minor, which were more presented to Asian and Egyptian impacts; it
included capitals with winding volutes, a more slim shaft with entirely diverse fluting, and an extensive and curvilinear base. The vast majority of the
early illustrations are gone, however Ionic was utilized inside the Propylaea (started 437 BC) and in the Erechtheum (started 421 BC), both on the
Athens

The Parthenon : A Greek Masterpiece
The Parthenon: A Greek Masterpiece "The most beautiful things in the world are there, Athens...The sumptuous temple of Athena stands out and is
well worth a look. It is called the Parthenon and is on the hill above the theatre. It makes a tremendous impression on visitors." (Heracleides of Crete,
3rd century BC) The Parthenon serves as a refined Greek Doric temple design that took approximately 2 centuries to achieve. This magnificent temple
began undergoing construction in 447 BCE by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates as a way to celebrate their victory against the Persians in war. Phidias
was another contributor to the beauty of the Parthenon and also created the notorious Athena Parthenos statue, which became the centerpiece that the
Parthenon was built around. The architects of the Parthenon wanted to achieve a type of beauty that was erected from proportions that were so precise
they had to use certain mathematical formulas to perfect them. The temple itself is not like the typical ancient Greek buildings that contain the same
sizing when it comes to columns and width. The Parthenon was like nothing the Greeks had ever achieved before and because of this the structure had
a harmonic lifelike appeal. In addition to being an architectural gem, the temple stands in the heart of the Athenian Acropolis and adds to the grand city
of Athens' gusto. The Parthenon is a monumental masterpiece that embodies the culture, religion, and vitality of the Ancient Greek Empire.

Parthenon
.Introduction
There are 3 (three) architectural orders in a classical building of the ancient Greece, they are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. As suggested by Dietsch
and Stern (2002) that Doric is a common style in 7th century B.C; Ionic style is first developed in the Ionian islands around the 6th century B.C or
100 year after Doric style; and then, Corinthian style was originally from the city of Corinth around 5th century B.C., not so popular like Doric.
The Parthenon is a Doric order style of the Temple that built by the Athenian Empire in 447 BC. In terms of political and military viewpoints, the
Parthenon is a symbol of Athenian imperial power. As said by Martin (1999) that the Parthenon served as a champion of military power, indicated...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Pantheon (source: Wikipedia, 2016)
II. Discussion The initial function of both buildings is serving as a temple. Then, the Pantheon is used as the Roman Church, while the Parthenon
function is as a museum now days. Moreover, there is another similarity between the Pantheon and the Parthenon that both Pantheon and Parthenon
have 8 pillars in front of the entrance. These pillars to support a pediment; a triangular element in upper part of front any classical style buildings. The
different between Pantheon and Parthenon are following:
1.The Pantheon was designed to be placed to commemorate every god and goddesses (all the Roman gods and goddesses), whereas the Parthenon was
a temple for the patron of goddess, Athena.
2. In respect to structures, the Parthenon is a rectangular form; Columns are smaller; and columns in Doric order of classical style. Quite a contrast
that the Pantheon is built in a spherical structure, look like circular from above building; columns are much larger, even to any other buildings ever
built in the Greek; and columns are in the Corinthian order of classical style.
3.In term of order of classical style that Doric is not only the oldest, but also very simple form. While the Corinthian order is the newest one with a lot
of fancies in the element and

Characteristics Of Greek Architecture
Greek Architecture:
The Architectures of Greek was produced by the Hellenic group of people who used to speak Greek as a language. Ancient Greek is very well known
for its architecture of temples and also the architecture of open air theatres. Ancient Greek architecture is distinguished from other architectural work in
terms of its structure and decoration. The temples mainly were constructed on high grounds, so that elegance of its proportion can be visible and the
effect of light can be seen from all angles. Greek architecture was all about simplicity and symmetry.
Ancient Greek architecture is divided into three main architectural styles Ionic, Doric and Corinthian.
The domestic buildings in the Greek time period used to have open porches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The temples in those days did not function in the same way as today. Temples then were a storage for the treasures associated with the cult, where the
devotees would leave their offerings such as helmets, weapons and also statues for the god. Public spaces more gracious and dignified and would have
similar architectural properties so that they could relate to each other.
The architecture of ancient Greece is a composition of posts, which are the vertical beams and lentils which are the horizontal beams. Originally, for the
construction of the buildings wooden beams were used, but later they were replaced with stone for stronger structural support. Some of the temples
which are still standing were made with stones.
The entablature is a horizontal structural element which supports the roof and runs around the entire length of the building. In case of Ionic and
Corinthian, the decoration or sculpting runs in a continues manner throughout. But in Doric it is divided into two sections Metopes and Triglyphs.
Triglyphs are the vertical grooves and Metopes are the space between each Triglyphs. In the front and rear of each temple, the entablature supports a
triangular structure known as the Pediment. The pediment is known for the extraordinary decoration on the exterior of the

Parthenon Vs Pantheon Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Jennifer Lyons

More from Jennifer Lyons (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Parthenon Vs Pantheon Research Paper