General Introduction and question answers of Phylum Protozoa. Hope this ppt helps to prepare for competitive exams

1. PHYLUM PROTOZOA
Q&A

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

3. Protozoa
Protozoa are one-celled animals found worldwide in most habitats. most species are free living, but all higher animals are
infected with one or more species of protozoa. infections range from asymptomatic to life threatening, depending on the
species and strain of the parasite and the resistance of the host.
Structure
Protozoa are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex
metabolic activities. Some protozoa have structures for propulsion or other types of movement.
Classification
On the basis of light and electron microscopic morphology, the protozoa are currently classified into six phyla. Most
species causing human disease are members of the phyla Sacromastigophora and Apicomplexa.

4. Life Cycle Stages
The stages of parasitic protozoa that actively feed and multiply are frequently called trophozoites; in some protozoa, other
terms are used for these stages. Cysts are stages with a protective membrane or thickened wall. Protozoan cysts that must
survive outside the host usually have more resistant walls than cysts that form in tissues.
Reproduction
Binary fission, the most common form of reproduction, is asexual; multiple asexual division occurs in some forms. Both
sexual and asexual reproduction occur in the Apicomplexa.
Nutrition
All parasitic protozoa require preformed organic substances that is, nutrition is holozoic as in higher animals.

5. Questions and Answers

6. The shivering, a characteristic symptom of malaria, occurs when - merozoites are liberated from RBC with toxin.
The trophozoite of Plasmodium lives in- erythrocytes of man
A food vacuole develops in Paramecium at the distal end of- oesophagus
In a Paramecium, the trichocysts are used for- defence
The disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is- chaga's disease
The infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica is- mature cyst
Sporogony of malaria parasite occurs in- stomach wall of mosquito
Entamoeba differs from Amoeba in not having- contractile vascule
Mild tertian malaria is caused by-Plasmodium vivax
Under unfavourable conditions, the Amoeba reproduces by- encystment

7. The number of daughter paramecia produced following conjugation is- 8 from two conjugants
Amoeba secretes digestive enzymes to hydrolyse-starch, sugar and proteins
Ingestion of some water with food in Amoeba takes place by the process of- phagocytosis
The path followed by a food vacuole in Paramecium is referred to as- cyclosis
Sleeping sickness in man is caused by Trypanosoma by the bite of the infective- both male and female Tsetse flies
The catabolic wastes in Amoeba consist of- Water, CO2, minerals and urea
In the life cycle of Plasmodium, man is the- primary host
Locomotory organelles in the parasitic protozoa of class sporozoa are- absent
In Paramecium, proteins are digested- during the acid phase of the food vacuole and during the alkaline phase
of the food vacuole
The schizogony cycle of Plasmodium takes place in- liver and RBC of man

8. The schizogony cycle of Plasmodium takes place in- liver and RBC of man
The Trx/panosoma causes sleeping sickness in man. It finally involves- cerebro-spinal fluid
Incubation period of Plasmodium vivax is about- 10-12 days
The micronucleus in Paramecium is concerried with- all the functions of the body
Amoebiasis is caused by- Entamoeba histolytica
Mapacrine and Paludrine drugs are used for- malaria
Nuclear dimorphism is observed in- Paramecium
Trypanosoma gambiense inhabits the human body in the- blood and cerebrospinal fluid
Malaria is a disease transmitted by the bite of- female Anopheles
Benign tertian malaria is caused by- P. vivax
The pseudopodia are formed in Amoeba- by sol-gel transformation of cytoplasm

9. In an electric field, the Paramecium moves- towards the negative pole
The oriental sores in human skin are caused by- Leishmania tropica
Trypanosoma shows the phenomenon of- polymorphism
Down stroke and recovery stroke are characteristic of- movement of cilia
The first generation in the asexual phase of Plasmodium in RBCs of man is known as- merozoites
Highly polyploid meganucleus is present in – ciliates
The life cycle of Plasmodium in human blood is called- schizogony
Nitrogenous wastes in Amoeba are expelled through- plasmalemma
The erthrocytic phase of the life cycle of Plasmodium passes in- parenchymatous cells of liver of man
Which organelles are associated with defence in Protozoans- Trichocysts

10. Which day is celebrated as Malaria day- 20th August
When the causes of malaria was not known, it was supposed to be caused by- foul air
Treatment of the infection by malarial parasite in the principal host is studied under- chemo-therapy
Gametocytes of Plasmodium are formed in- RBC of man
Method of food intake in Paramecium is- holozoic
The transmission of Entamoeba histolytica takes place by- female anopheles mosquito
Encystment in Amoeba serves for- perennation, reproduction and dispersal
In Amoeba proteus, the term proteus is after the name of- a god
The giant Amoeba is- Pelomyxa
The cilia in Paramecium are- longer at posterior side

11. In Plasmodium, gametocytes are formed by the trophozoites in the RBS of man. They do not develop fully in RBC
because of- higher temperautre of blood
The sporozoites of Plasmodium first attack- liver cells
All stages in the life cycle of malarial parasite are haploid except- ookinete
Trypanosoma is transmitted by- inoculation
The sexual phase of life cycle of Plasmodium is completed in- stomach of female anopheles
Entamoeba gingivalis is a parasite in the- unhealthy tissue around teeth of man
Process of reconstitution of nuclei in a single paramecium without fusion of gametic nuclei is- endomixis
The intermediate host of malarial parasite is- Female Anopheles
The life-cycle of malarial parasite in liver is called- pre-erythrocytic stage

12. Vector can be defined as- any kind of disease transmitting organism
Asexual reproduction during schizogony of malarial parasite is a kind of- multiple fission
Malarial parasites could best be obtained from a patient- five hours after the temperature reaches normal level.
Schuffner's granules or dots are found in- schizont
Pseudopodia of Amoeba are important for- locomotion and feeding
RBCs are found in the food vacuoles of- Leishmania donovani
Trophozoites of E.histolytica reproduced by- binary fission
The energy for Amoeba for doing work comes from- oxidation of nutrients to form ATP
A digenic protozoan parasite is- Opalina
When kerosene is sprayed on the stagnant water wherein the larvae of Anopheles develop, it- prevents contact of
spiracles with air

13. Inoculation in malaria is out of question because- Plasmodium produces minute bodies
Kala-azar is a disease caused by- Leishmania donovani transmitted by sandfly
Erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium produces- schizonts
The rossette stage in life cycle of Plasmodium is found in- RBC of man
N.M.E.P is the abbreviation of- National Malaria Eradication Programme
Plasmalemma membrane covers the body of-Amoeba proteus
The cysts of E. histolytica develop in an infected individual in the- lumen of intestine
In Amoeba, when transferred from pond water to distilled water, forms- contractile vacuoles at a faster rate
Alternation of generations is otherwise known as- Metagenesis
The ecological niche of Entamoeba histolytica is- arge intestine of man

14. The zoological name of giant amoeba is- Chaos chaos
Quinine, utilised in the treatment of malaria, is extracted from- cinchona
If an Amoeba is placed in salt water, its contractile vacuole will- disappear
Sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax are produced from- merozoites
The disease caused by Entamoeba gingimlis is transmitted by- kissing
The process of reconstitution of macro-nulceus in Paramecium without any change in micro-nucleus is called-
Autogamy
The mode of life of Plasmodium in man and mosquito respectively is- intracellular and intercellular
The only stage of malarial parasite that can survive in the stomach of mosquito is- gametocytes
If a fresh water Amoeba for some reason in unable to form contractile vacuole, it will- burst consequent to osmotic
swelling
A liver biopsy of a patient suffering from amoebic hepatic abscess would demonstrate the presence of- sporozoites

15. Gametocytes of Plasmodium are produced in the- erythrocytes of man from merozoites
Malignant tertian malaria is caused by- P. falciparum
The feeding stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium is- trophozoite
African sleeping sickness or Gambiense fever is caused by- Trypanosma
Schizont stage in the life cycle of malarial parasite occurs in- erythrocytes of man
The digestive enzymes in Paramecium are secreted in- lysosomes and then released into food vacuole
Oocyst of Plasmodium develops from- fertilised macrogamete
An example of dimorphic protozoan is- Polystornella
Type of pseudopodia found in amoeba- lobopodia
The function of neuro-motor system of Paramecium is- co-ordination of ciliary beat

16. Golgi cycle in Plasmodium occurs in man, in- RBC
The trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica reproduces by- binary fission
Trypanosomiasis is a disease, transmitted by vector- Tsetse fly
The cell anus in some protozoans known as- cytoproct