Review worksheet covering IB Biology content in Genes, Chromosomes, and Meiosis (Topics 3.1-3.3)

1. IB Biology: Genetics Review (3.1-3.3) NAME:
1. Define thefollowing vocabulary terms:
Gene
Gene Locus
Allele
Genome
Mutation
2. Outline the difference betweentwoallelesof the same gene.
3. Outline whatwas accomplishedbythe HumanGenome Project.
4. Transcribe and translate the twoversionsof the same sectionof the Hemoglobingene (the leftversionisthe normal
allele,the rightversionismutated allele).Rememberthe antisense strandof the DNA is the one that istranscribed:
mRNA
Amino Acid
5. Distinguishbetweenthe twoDNA strandsabove intermsof:
a. DNA basesequence:
b. Aminoacidsequence inthe resulting polypeptide:
c. State the disease thatiscausedby the mutatedsequence of the Hemoglobingeneshownabove.
6. Compare the followingtypesof base-substitution mutations(aka ‘point’mutations):
Silent mutation Missense mutation Nonsense mutation
Effect on
Polypeptide
Stop codon produced early –
polypeptide shortened
7. Compare the chromosome structure ineukaryotesandinprokaryotes:
8. Outline the structure and functionof plasmids.
9. State the name of the biochemistwhodevelopedthe autoradiographymethodforvisualizingDNA molecules:

2. 10. Define thefollowing vocabulary terms:
Homologous
Chromosomes
Haploid
Diploid
Autosomes
Sex
Chromosomes
11. State the numberof chromosomesinahuman diploidcell: _______ and ina haploidcell:________
12. Identifystructures a.andb. on the drawingof a duplicated chromosomeshowntothe right:
a. ___________________________________
b. ___________________________________
13. Describe howa karyotype isassembled,includingmethodsforobtainingfetal cells:
14. Analyze the karyogram shownto the right:
Sex: _______________
Abnormality:_____________________
15. State the functionof Meiosis.
16. Addchromosomesand annotate the diagrambelow summarizingthe
stepsinmeiosis.Identifythe stage where crossingoveroccursand
where the random alignmentof homologouschromosomes occurs.
17. Compare mitosisandmeiosis inhumancells:
Mitosis Meiosis
Number of
divisions
Number of
daughter cells
Chromosome
number in
daughter cells
Function ofcells
18. Describe whatoccurs in non-disjunctioninmeiosisandwhatthe effectscanbe.