Guided notes covering material from Topic 2.5 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.

1. IB Biology Chapter 2 Notes: Enzymes (2.5) NAME:
Word Definition
Enzymes Globular proteins that decrease activation energy in reactions
Catalyst Materials that decrease the activation energy of reactions
Active Site The spot on the enzyme that the substrate attaches to
Substrate Another word for reactants that an enzyme helps to go through a reaction
Denaturation When an enzyme changes its shape due to changes in environmental conditions
Lactase An enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
Lactose A disaccharide found in milk
Activation energy The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Kinetic energy The energy of motion
Concentration The relative amount of something in an area or given amount of solvent.

2. 2.5.1 Enzymes have an
active site to which specific
substrates bind.
2.5.2 Enzyme catalysis
involves molecular motion
and the collision of
substrates with the active
site.
2.5.3 Temperature, pH, and
substrate concentration
affect the rate of activity of
enzymes.
2.5.4 Enzymes can be
denatured.
2.5.7 Design of experiments
to test the effect of
temperature, pH, and
substrate concentration on
the activity of enzymes.
Substrate:
Active site:
Enzyme-substrate specificity:
Outline how enzymes catalyze reactions:
Outline each factor affects enzyme function and sketch a graph:
Temperature:
pH:
Substrate concentration:
Describe what happens when an enzyme is denatured:
Experiment on the enzyme, Catalase:
What reaction does Catalase catalyze?
Possible independent variables to test:
Possible dependent variable to measure:

3. 2.5.5 Immobilized enzymes
are widely used in industry.
2.5.6 Methods ofproduction
of lactose-free milk and its
advantages.
What is an ‘immobilized’ enzyme?
What are two ways enzymes can be immobilized?
What are advantages to using immobilized enzymes?
What is lactose?
What reaction is catalyzed by lactase?
Describe how lactose-free milk is produced:
Outline advantages oflactose-free milk: