Constructed media

1. Constructed media
12/09/2018

2. disc
• https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2015/06/16
/trump_mexico_not_sending_us_their_best_criminal
s_drug_dealers_and_rapists_are_crossing_border.ht
ml
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0
qKgS2O1QUQ from 4:00 to 5:48
Comparative analysis of a media text
Discuss how Mexicans are represented by President Trump and Obhama

3. Defining Constructed media.
Task 1. highlight aspects of page 3 and 4 which you believe are
important in understanding what constructed media is.
• Media are not windows on reality or mirrors of society. They are
carefully constructed products. From newspapers to nature shows,
media producers actively select and construct particular images of
the world.
• A media literate person is aware that many decisions go into every
media product, and that even the most realistic images represent
someone's interpretation of reality.
• Moreover a truly media literate person can produce media as well,
thereby offering their own construction of reality.

4. Task 1. highlight aspects of page 3 and 4 which you believe are
important in understanding what constructed media is.
• When we say that all media messages are constructed, we mean
that all media messages have been assembled by someone. That
“someone” could be a single person, or it could be a large
organization. The messages and values embedded in this particular
piece of media are those of the people who created it.
• In photographs, the photographer's own vision of what she wants
to show within the frame demonstrates her own values and beliefs.
A newspaper writer’s articles may be based on his own beliefs, or
based on the beliefs and ideologies of his publishers, or perhaps
even the beliefs of the companies who advertise in that particular
newspaper.

5. Constructed Media
• In photographs, the photographer's
own vision of what she wants to
show within the frame demonstrates
her own values and beliefs. A
newspaper writer’s articles may be
based on his own beliefs, or based on
the beliefs and ideologies of his
publishers, or perhaps even the
beliefs of the companies who
advertise in that particular
newspaper.

6. Constructed Media
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvXJOnoFgqc
Task 2: copy the link and screen shot onto blogger.
Discuss how Channel 4 News have reported Serena Williams confrontation with
the match official.

7. Constructed Media
Task 2: copy the link and screen shot onto blogger.
Discuss how The cartoon producer defends his cartoon, to what extent do you
believe the image is offensive/culturally insensitive.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3xkt5Nquyg

8. Constructed media
• Task 3: discuss how Gender is represented in the Lynx
advertisement.
What stereotypes does this advert play on
How might the advert be considered offensive

9. Use of text and images
Anchorage. Anchorage is when a piece of media uses another piece of media
to reduce the amount of connotations in the first, therefore allowing the
audience to interpret it much more easily. For instance, in a newspaper,
pictures are accompanied by a caption that allows us to understand what the
picture is showing us.

10. Constructed media
• Since all media messages are constructed using the creator’s own ideologies and
values, media messages from different creators will have different ideas imbedded
in them. The ideas embedded in each piece of media come from the creators’ own
experiences, and since everyone’s experiences are different, we can expect that
each media message should be different as well.
• The reason this is important is because not all media messages will have messages
you agree with, since your experiences and ideologies will be different from those
of the message’s creators. While you may experience a certain media message in
one way, there are others who will most certainly experience it in a completely
different way. For example, while you may find a particular media message
amusing, there may be others who find it offensive.
• The media message's construction isn't only based on the creator’s own ideas and
ideologies, but also on a pre-defined set of rules for that particular type of media.
– A photographer uses camera angles, lighting, and lens length to get his/her ideas across
– radio producers use voices, sound effects, and music to get their ideas across. Each type of
media must adhere to its own set of rules in order to construct the intended message.

11. Constructed Media
The Only way is Essex.
Tom Makes An Awkward Scene When Ricky Kisses Cara - The Only Way Is Essex

12. Constructed Media
Record the following terminologies into blogger
Mise en scene
Camera work
Editing
Sound

13. Constructed Media
Task four
• Copy the link to the video and the screen shot onto blogger
Discuss what a structured reality show /scripted reality show is in your
opinion.
Identify aspects of the show which show the Broadcaster’s constructed
representation of Essex and Essex Young people.
Identify whether these are stereotypes of Essex
Find a definition for Stereotype and Caricature.

14. Constructed Media

15. Constructed Media

16. Constructed Media
Task five
• Copy news front covers onto blogger underneath the title “Constructed
media (print)”
Select one of the front covers and discuss the Newspapers representation of
the party leaders (Theresa May, Nicola Sturgeon, Jeremy Corbyn.
• Analyse the media message (meaning) of the Main head line (Text).
• Analyse the media message (meaning) the image.
• To help expand your analysis attempt to answer the following questions
on how the individuals are represented
• pto

17. Constructed Media
Task five (https://www.slideshare.net/andywallis/representation-theory-15568052)
Key Questions about Specific Representations
• Whose representation is it?
• Whose interests does it reflect? How do you know?
• At whom is this representation targeted? How do you know?
• What does the representation mean to you?
• What does the representation mean to others?
• How do you account for the differences?
• With what alternative representations could it be compared?
• How does it differ?

18. Constructed Media
Halls Theory of encoding and decodinghttps://www.slideshare.net/alexeglen/stuart-halls-reception-theory
The theory states that media texts are encoded by the producer meaning that whoever
produces the text fills the product with values and messages. The text is then decoded by
the audience.
Different spectators will decode the text in different ways, not always in the way the
producer intended. A text can be received in one of three ways;
• Dominant or Preferred Reading
– This is when the text is read in the way the producer intended the text to be read.
– The audience agree with the messages and ideology that the producer has placed behind the text.
• Negotiated Reading
– This is a compromise between the dominant reading and the oppositional reading of the text.
– The audience accepts the views of the producer but also has their own input and understanding of the text.
• Oppositional Reading
– The audience rejects the producers preferred reading and creates their own reading of the text, usually this
is the opposite of what the producer intended.
– The reader rejects the meaning completely as they do not agree with the message that is being presented
to the audience.

19. Constructed Media
1920’s advert
Task:6 under the title Hall’s reception theory (encoding and
decoding)
Identify the:
• Preferred
• Negotiated
• Oppositional readings of the advert

20. Constructed Media
NHS advert on smoking
Task:7 under the title Hall’s reception theory (encoding and decoding)
• Identify the preferred
• Negotiated
• Oppositional readings of the NHS adverts
• In what way might societies opinions on smoking have changed from the 1920’s to the
contemporary era?
• Why?

21. Constructed Media
FACEBOOK AND CONSTRUCTED
MEDIA.
Task 9: Visit the Facebook page of
Lauren Goodger.
Create screenshots
• Discuss why you believe that
aspects of the website are
constructed
• By whom
• For what purpose?
• Media language:

22. Constructed Media

23. Constructed Media

24. • PODCAST
• ALL MEDIA IS CONSTRUCTED
• https://vimeo.com/74738904