For a first order reactionln(CCo) = -ktwhere C os the ethanol .pdf

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For a first order reaction: ln(C/Co) = -kt where C os the ethanol concentration at time t, Co is initial concentration and k is rate constant. ln(5.0/15.0) = -k x 2.5 x 104 Rate constant k = 4.4 x 10-5 s-1 Solution For a first order reaction: ln(C/Co) = -kt where C os the ethanol concentration at time t, Co is initial concentration and k is rate constant. ln(5.0/15.0) = -k x 2.5 x 104 Rate constant k = 4.4 x 10-5 s-1.

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he coordination compounds , metal complexes or simply complexes are compounds which contain an ion or a central atom, usually a metal, surrounded by a collection of ions or molecules. The chance discovery dell\'esamminocobalto (III) chloride, CoCl 3 6 NH 3 , due to Tassaert in 1798 marks the beginning of the chemistry of the complexes. Many of the jobs immediately after they were made ??with ammonia and complex that resulted were called metallammine. Subsequently it was found that other amines and other anions such as CN - , NO 2 - , NCS - , Cl - can form complexes with metals. Many compounds were prepared with these anions and, at first, were called by the name of the chemical that prepared them first. Subsequently, because of the fact that many of these complexes was colored, was used a scheme of nomenclature based on the color. Our current knowledge about the nature of the metal complexes are due to Werner , in 1893 at the age of 26 years suggested that even today is called coordination theory of Werner. His most important are three postulates: Most of the elements have two types of meaning: a) primary valence and b) secondary valence. In modern terminology a) corresponds to the oxidation state and b) the coordination number Each element tends to satisfy the valence both primary and secondary The secondary valence is directed towards fixed positions of the space Consider the complex cloroamminocobalto (III). According to the theory of Werner the first member of the series has the formula Co [(NH 3 ) 6 ] Cl 3 and is represented as shown in the figure: (i upload for u on this address: Structures http://i45.tinypic.com/2l2654.gif http://i50.tinypic.com/jaykgy.jpg) The primary valence or oxidation state of the cobalt (III) is 3. The three ions Cl - primary saturate the valence of cobalt chloride ions and then the three primary saturate the valence of cobalt negative ions that neutralize the positive charge of the metal ion affect the primary value. Solution he coordination compounds , metal complexes or simply complexes are compounds which contain an ion or a central atom, usually a metal, surrounded by a collection of ions or molecules. The chance discovery dell\'esamminocobalto (III) chloride, CoCl 3 6 NH 3 , due to Tassaert in 1798 marks the beginning of the chemistry of the complexes. Many of the jobs immediately after they were made ??with ammonia and complex that resulted were called metallammine. Subsequently it was found that other amines and other anions such as CN - , NO 2 - , NCS - , Cl - can form complexes with metals. Many compounds were prepared with these anions and, at first, were called by the name of the chemical that prepared them first. Subsequently, because of the fact that many of these complexes was colored, was used a scheme of nomenclature based on the color. Our current knowledge about the nature of the metal complexes are due to Werner , in 1893 at the age of 26 years suggested that even today is called coordination .

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Polymers are made by joining small molecules into large ones.But most of these monomer molecules are perfectly stable as they are, so they have devised two general methods to make them react with each other, building up the backbone chain as the reaction proceeds. This method (also known as step-growth) requires that the monomers possess two or more kinds of functional groups that are able to react with each other in such a way that parts of these groups combine to form a small molecule (often H2O) which is eliminated from the two pieces. 2 Additional Polymerisation: Polymer play a major role in various industry sector and which are used in plastic bags ,water pipes outer layer of electric wires clothing and,woven fabric and also other materials. PLASTIC BAGS: WATER PIPES OUTER LAYER OF ELECTRIC WIRES: Outer layer of insulator is also called as electric insulator. It is the most commonly used thermoplastic insulator for cables. It is cheap, durable and widely available. However, the chlorine in PVC (a halogen) causes the production of thick, toxic, black smoke when burnt and can be a health hazard in areas where low smoke and toxicity are required Normal operating temperatures are typically between 75C and 105C (depending on PVC type). CLOTHING: Solution Polymers are made by joining small molecules into large ones.But most of these monomer molecules are perfectly stable as they are, so they have devised two general methods to make them react with each other, building up the backbone chain as the reaction proceeds. This method (also known as step-growth) requires that the monomers possess two or more kinds of functional groups that are able to react with each other in such a way that parts of these groups combine to form a small molecule (often H2O) which is eliminated from the two pieces. 2 Additional Polymerisation: Polymer play a major role in various industry sector and which are used in plastic bags ,water pipes outer layer of electric wires clothing and,woven fabric and also other materials. PLASTIC BAGS: WATER PIPES OUTER LAYER OF ELECTRIC WIRES: Outer layer of insulator is also called as electric insulator. It is the most commonly used thermoplastic insulator for cables. It is cheap, durable and widely available. However, the chlorine in PVC (a halogen) causes the production of thick, toxic, black smoke when burnt and can be a health hazard in areas where low smoke and toxicity are required Normal operating temperatures are typically between 75C and 105C (depending on PVC type). CLOTHING:.

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What is Operational Excellence?Achieving Operational Excellence requires the successful implementation of a integrated Business Execution System that effectively and seamlessly integrates the following four building blocks: 1)Strategy Deployment2)Performance Management3)Process Excellence and4)High Performance Work Teams.Strategy or Policy Deployment is the process that aligns and links business strategy and execution. Strategy Deployment Performance Management High Performance Work Teams Process Excellence Operational Excellence Business Execution System Strategy Deployment Process Tools: 1)The Hoshin X-Matrix is a tool that visualizes an organization’sstrategic objectives,strategic initiatives,key performance indicators,key projects &action items, andhuman resources requirements in one simple matrix. 2)The Hoshin X-Matrixenables an organization to easily review the alignment of its strategic objectives, strategicinitiatives, key performance indicators, key action items and human resources. Supply chain management:If you manage a small firm that makes a few products or sells a few services, chances are you will have a small number of suppliers. Supply chain: 1)A firm\'s supply chain is a network of organization and business processes for procuring raw materials, transforming these materials into intermediate and finished products, and distributing the finished products to customers.2)Supply chain software is classified as either software to help businesses plan their supply chains (supply chain planning) or software to help them execute the supply chain steps. 3)it manage the flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses to ensure that products are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner. Customer Relationship Management Systems 1) You were probably heard phrases such as the customer is always right or the customer comes first. Today these words ring more true than ever. 2)Because competitive advantage based on an innovative new product or service is often very short lived, companies are realizing that their only enduring competitive strength may be their relationships with their customers. 3) Some say that the basis of competition has switched from who sells the most products and services to whom own the customer, and that customer relationships represent a firm\'s most valuable asset. 4) Customer relationship management systems typically provide software and online tools for sales, customer service, and marketing. 5)Partner relationship management (PRM) uses many of the same data, tools, and systems as customer relationship management to enhance collaboration between a company and its selling partners. Enterprise Application: 1)Enterprise application require not only deep seated technological changes but also fundamental changes in the way the business operates. 2)Companies must make sweeping changes to their business processes to work with the software. 3)Companies adopting enterprise applications can .

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the name arsenic acid, like phosphoric acid (H3PO4), does notconvey the structure, but does fit into a general patternwhereby the ending ‘ic’ denotes a higher or the highest possible oxidation state (compare nitric acid, sulfuricacid). HClO: Hypochlorous Acid Solution the name arsenic acid, like phosphoric acid (H3PO4), does notconvey the structure, but does fit into a general patternwhereby the ending ‘ic’ denotes a higher or the highest possible oxidation state (compare nitric acid, sulfuricacid). HClO: Hypochlorous Acid.

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Sucrose is a molecular compound and does not ionize in solution. KCl is a soluble ionic compound and fully ionizes in solution: KCl(aq) => K+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Sucrose and KCl do not interact in solution. Mass balance equation: [KCl] = [K+] Charge balance equation: [K+] = [Cl-] Solution Sucrose is a molecular compound and does not ionize in solution. KCl is a soluble ionic compound and fully ionizes in solution: KCl(aq) => K+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Sucrose and KCl do not interact in solution. Mass balance equation: [KCl] = [K+] Charge balance equation: [K+] = [Cl-].

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because Electron Affinity is the amount of energy needed to add an electron to an atom or molecule.. Thus Decreasing its Stabillity and Whenever We have Decrease in Stability We Have A Negative Energy Released thus energy required and hence negative electron affinity..The Electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion. X + e- ? X- (note: the correct equation in words is X + electron -> X + energy) This property is measured for atoms and molecules in the gaseous state only, since in the solid or liquid states their energy levels would be changed by contact with other atoms or molecules. A list of the electron affinities was used by Robert S. Mulliken to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms, equal to the average of the electron affinity and ionization potential.Other theoretical concepts that use electron affinity include electronic chemical potential and chemical hardness. Another example, a molecule or atom that has a more positive value of electron affinity than another is often called an electron acceptor and the less positive an electron donor. Together they may undergo charge- transfer reactions. In solids, the electron affinity is the energy difference between the vacuum energy and the conduction band minimum. To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. For any reaction that releases energy, the change in energy, ?E, has a negative value and the reaction is called an exothermic process. Electron capture for almost all non-noble gas atoms involves the release of energy and thus are exothermic. The positive values that are listed in tables of Eea are amounts or magnitudes. It is the word, released within the definition energy released that supplies the negative sign. Confusion arises in mistaking Eea for a change in energy, ?E, in which case the positive values listed in tables would be for an endo- not exothermic process. The relation between the two is, Eea = - ?E(attach). However, if the value assigned to Eea is negative, the negative sign implies a reversal of direction, and energy is required to attach an electron. In this case, the electron capture is an endothermic process and the relationship, Eea = - ?E(attach) is still valid. Negative values typically arise for the capture of a second electron, but also for the nitrogen atom. The usual expression for calculating Eea when an electron is attached is Eea = (Einitial - Efinal)attach = - ?E(attach) This expression does follow the convention ?X = X(final) - X(initial) since - ?E = - (E(final) - E(initial)) = E(initial) - E(final). Equivalently, electron affinity can also be defined as the amount of energy required to detach an electron from a singly charged negative ion,i.e. the energy change for the process X- ? X + e- If the same table is employed for the forward and reverse reactions, without switching signs, care must be take.

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