Horizontal IntegrationThe activities which are complementary to pr.pdf
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Horizontal Integration The activities which are complementary to present activity are developed in Horizontal integration. Or simply it is the strategy to increase your market share by taking over a similar company. Example: - You Tube, which was taken over my Google primarily because it had a strong and loyal user base. Vertical Integration The activities which are concerned with the inputs into the company’s current business is developed in Backward Integration while the one that are concerned with the company’s output are developed in Forward Integration. And this Backward and Forward integration into adjacent activities in the value network are called Vertical Integration. Or simply in order to increase that company’s in the marketplace several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity. The process of achieving this several steps is known as Vertical Integration. Example: - Oracles bought Sun Microsystems and are now the best engineered systems (integrated hardware-and-software devices). Outsourcing When a third party performs a portion of a Company’s activities it is known as Outsourcing. It is important as it focuses on lowering costs and improving the efficient allocation of resources within a company. Some common outsourcing activities include: human resource management, facilities management, supply chain management, accounting, customer support and service, marketing, computer aided design, research, design, content writing, engineering, diagnostic services, and legal documentation. Co-operative relationship It is a win-win situation, in a Co-operative Relation a joint action or effort is required to enable people to work and operate together so that everybody will benefit. Example: - Baxter provides employment for the Mayo region in Castlebar, Co. Mayo. Solution Horizontal Integration The activities which are complementary to present activity are developed in Horizontal integration. Or simply it is the strategy to increase your market share by taking over a similar company. Example: - You Tube, which was taken over my Google primarily because it had a strong and loyal user base. Vertical Integration The activities which are concerned with the inputs into the company’s current business is developed in Backward Integration while the one that are concerned with the company’s output are developed in Forward Integration. And this Backward and Forward integration into adjacent activities in the value network are called Vertical Integration. Or simply in order to increase that company’s in the marketplace several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity. The process of achieving this several steps is known as Vertical Integration. Example: - Oracles bought Sun Microsystems and are now the best engineered systems (integrated hardware-and-software devices). Outsourcing When a third party performs a p.
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Erp and value chain management presentation priyansh kesarwani
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CHAPTER 3Assessing the Internal Environment of the FirmCopyr
CHAPTER 3
Assessing the Internal Environment of the Firm
Copyright Anatoli Styf/Shutterstock
1
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have a good understanding of:
3-1 The primary and support activities of a firm’s value chain.
3-2 How value-chain analysis can help managers create value by investigating relationships among activities within the firm and between the firm and its customers and suppliers.
3-3 The resource-based view of the firm and the different types of tangible and intangible resources, as well as organizational capabilities.
3-4 The four criteria that a firm’s resources must possess to maintain a sustainable advantage and how value created can be appropriated by employees and managers.
3-5 The usefulness of financial ratio analysis, its inherent limitations, and how to make meaningful comparisons of performance across firms.
3-6 The value of the “balanced scorecard” in recognizing how the interests of a variety of stakeholders can be interrelated.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
2
The Importance of the Internal Environment
Consider. . .
Which activities must a firm effectively manage and integrate in order to attain competitive advantages in the marketplace?
Which resources and capabilities must a firm create and nurture in order to sustain a competitive advantage?
©McGraw-Hill Education.
What if two firms compete in the same industry and both have many strengths in a variety of functional areas: marketing, operations, logistics, etc.? However, one of these firms outperforms the other by a wide margin over a long period of time. How can this be? The value-creating activities that the firm manages well, and the bundles of resources and capabilities that the firm has created and nurtured over time are crucial to answering these questions.
3
Value-Chain Analysis
Value-chain analysis looks at the sequential process of value-creating activities.
Value is the amount buyers are willing to pay for what a firm provides.
How is value created within the organization?
How is value created for other organizations in the overall supply chain or distribution channel?
The value received must exceed the costs of production.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
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Q4 How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structure? 79
GearUp has chosen a low-cost strategy focused w i t h i n the sport ing goods
category, further focused w i t h i n the segment of buyers w h o are interested in special,
short-term sales. As the vignette at the start of this chapter indicates, i t needs to do
everything i t can to keep costs dovm.
How Does Competitive Strategy
Determine Value Chain Structure?
Organizations analyze the structure of their industry, and, using that analysis, they
formulate a competitive strategy. They then need to organize and structure the organ-
izat ion to i m p l e m e n t that strategy. If, for example, the competit ive strategy is to
be cost leader, like GearUp, then business activities need to be developed to provide
essential functions at the lowest possible cost.
A business that selects a dijferentiation strategy would not necessarily structure itself
around least-cost activities. Instead, such a business might choose to develop more costly
processes, but it would do so only if those processes provided benefits that outweighed
their costs. Porter defined value as the amount of money that a customer is wil l ing to
pay for a resource, product, or service. The difference between the value that an activity
generates and the cost of the activity is called the margin. A business w i t h a differentiation
strategy w i l l add cost to an activity only as long as the activity has a positive margin.
A value chain is a network of value-creating activities. That generic chain consists
of five primary activities and four support activities.
To understand the essence of the value chain, consider a small manufacturer—say, a
bicycle maker (see Figure 3-6). First, the manufacturer acquires raw materials using
the inbound logistics activity. This activity concerns the receiving and handling of raw
materials and other inputs. The accumulal ion of those materials adds value in the
sense that even a pile of unassembled parts is w o r t h something to some customer.
A collection of the parts needed to bui ld a bicycle is w o r t h more than an empty space
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Bicycle Maker's Value Chain
Margin =
V a l u e - C o s t
Margin = ,
+ Value - C o s t y *
Margin =
Value - Cost
Margin =
Value - Cost
Margin =
V a l u e - C o s t
Manage Supplier
Relationships
(Procurement)
Investigate
New Designs
(Technology)
Hire & Support
Employees
(Human Resources)
/ T o t a l
/ Margin,
I Primary
X A c t l v i t i e s
Acquire
Bicycle
Parts
Produce Ship , K Market & , >v Service
Acquire
Bicycle
Parts Bicycle Bicycles ' 1> Sell Bicycles Customers
Manage Company
Resources
(Firm Infrastructure)
( Margin = ,̂ . ( Margin = \ / Margin = \ ( Margin = ^ Value-Cost / ^ ^ V a l u e - Costy' ^ VValue-CosW ^ VValue-Costy (Total Margin, Support Activities
Primary
Activity
S ...
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HeadPhone.java All the outputs were same because the variabl.pdf
// HeadPhone.java
/* All the outputs were same because the variables declared and defined in HeadPhone class
were static,
they will be updated only once during the program execution.
removing the static keyword from the variables which will be updated during the program
execution will
give the desired results
*/
public class HeadPhone {
private static final int LOW = 1;
private static final int MEDIUM = 2;
private static final int HIGH = 3;
private int volume = 0;
private boolean pluggedIn = false;
private String none = null;
private String manufacturer = none;
private String headPhoneColor = none;
private String volPos = none;
private String switchPos= none;
private String onOrOff= none;
// Default Headphone Constructor
public HeadPhone() {
volume = MEDIUM;
pluggedIn = false;
manufacturer = \"Sony\";
headPhoneColor = \"Gold\";
}
// Headphone Constructor
public HeadPhone (int volume2, boolean pluggedIn2, String manufacturer2, String
headPhoneColor2) {
volume = volume2;
pluggedIn = pluggedIn2;
manufacturer = manufacturer2;
headPhoneColor = headPhoneColor2;
}
// Setter Methods
// setVolume
public void setVolume(int volume2) {
volume = volume2;
}
// setPluggedIn
public void setPluggedIn(boolean pluggedIn2) {
pluggedIn = pluggedIn2;
}
// setManufacturer
public void setManufacturer(String manufacturer2) {
manufacturer = manufacturer2;
}
// setColor
public void setColor(String headPhoneColor2) {
headPhoneColor = headPhoneColor2;
}
// Getter Methods
// getVolume
public int getVolume() {
if(volume == 3) {
volPos = \"HIGH\";
}
else if (volume == 2) {
volPos = \"MEDIUM\";
}
else if(volume == 1) {
volPos = \"LOW\";
}
else {
System.out.println(\"Your entry is invalid, please try again.\");
}
return volume;
}
//getPluggedIn
public boolean getPluggedIn() {
if(pluggedIn == false) {
onOrOff = \"Off\";
}
else {
onOrOff = \"On\";
}
return pluggedIn;
}
//getManufacturer
public String getManufacturer() {
return manufacturer;
}
//getColor
public String getColor() {
return headPhoneColor;
}
// changeVolume method
public void changeVolume(int volume2) {
setVolume(volume2);
}
// toString method
public String toString() {
String str = \"toString() results: (volume=\" + volume + \", pluggedIn=\" + pluggedIn + \",
Manufacturer=\" + manufacturer + \", HeadPhone Color=\" + headPhoneColor +\")\";
return str;
}
}
// TestHeadPhone.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestHeadPhone {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int row = 4;
HeadPhone [] hfArray = new HeadPhone[row];
HeadPhone hpObj1 = new HeadPhone();
hfArray[0] = hpObj1;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i=1; i<4; i++) {
HeadPhone hpObj2 = new HeadPhone();
System.out.println(\"Please enter the data for new headphones:\");
System.out.println(\"Would you like to turn the headphones on? (Type \'true\' for on, Type
\'false\' for off: \");
hpObj2.setPluggedIn(input.nextBoolean());
System.out.println(\"Please the the volume (Options are by integer (1 = Low, 2 = Medium, 3 =
High): \");
hpObj2.setV.
Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n.pdf
// Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n
#include
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r);
// The main function that prints all combinations of size r
// in arr[] of size n. This function mainly uses combinationUtil()
void printCombination(int arr[], int n, int r)
{
// A temporary array to store all combination one by one
int data[r];
// Print all combination using temprary array \'data[]\'
combinationUtil(arr, data, 0, n-1, 0, r);
}
/* arr[] ---> Input Array
data[] ---> Temporary array to store current combination
start & end ---> Staring and Ending indexes in arr[]
index ---> Current index in data[]
r ---> Size of a combination to be printed */
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r)
{
// Current combination is ready to be printed, print it
if (index == r)
{
if (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3]==24)
{
for (int j=0; j= r-index\" makes sure that including one element
// at index will make a combination with remaining elements
// at remaining positions
for (int i=start; i<=end && end-i+1 >= r-index; i++)
{
data[index] = arr[i];
combinationUtil(arr, data, i+1, end, index+1, r);
}
}
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
int r = 4;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printCombination(arr, n, r);
}
Solution
// Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n
#include
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r);
// The main function that prints all combinations of size r
// in arr[] of size n. This function mainly uses combinationUtil()
void printCombination(int arr[], int n, int r)
{
// A temporary array to store all combination one by one
int data[r];
// Print all combination using temprary array \'data[]\'
combinationUtil(arr, data, 0, n-1, 0, r);
}
/* arr[] ---> Input Array
data[] ---> Temporary array to store current combination
start & end ---> Staring and Ending indexes in arr[]
index ---> Current index in data[]
r ---> Size of a combination to be printed */
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r)
{
// Current combination is ready to be printed, print it
if (index == r)
{
if (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3]==24)
{
for (int j=0; j= r-index\" makes sure that including one element
// at index will make a combination with remaining elements
// at remaining positions
for (int i=start; i<=end && end-i+1 >= r-index; i++)
{
data[index] = arr[i];
combinationUtil(arr, data, i+1, end, index+1, r);
}
}
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
int r = 4;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printCombination(arr, n, r);
}.
More Related Content
Similar to Horizontal IntegrationThe activities which are complementary to pr.pdf
Advantages Of Benchmarking
Benchmarking is a powerful management tool that helps organizations overcome resistance to change. It does this by demonstrating improved methods used by other companies to solve problems. Benchmarking opens organizations to new ideas and tools to improve effectiveness. There are various benchmarking methodologies that typically involve identifying problem areas, finding other industries with similar processes, identifying leading organizations, surveying measures and practices, and implementing new practices. While benchmarking has costs such as travel, time, and databases, it often pays for itself by finding ways to improve performance.
CHAPTER 3Assessing the Internal Environment of the FirmCopyr
CHAPTER 3
Assessing the Internal Environment of the Firm
Copyright Anatoli Styf/Shutterstock
1
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have a good understanding of:
3-1 The primary and support activities of a firm’s value chain.
3-2 How value-chain analysis can help managers create value by investigating relationships among activities within the firm and between the firm and its customers and suppliers.
3-3 The resource-based view of the firm and the different types of tangible and intangible resources, as well as organizational capabilities.
3-4 The four criteria that a firm’s resources must possess to maintain a sustainable advantage and how value created can be appropriated by employees and managers.
3-5 The usefulness of financial ratio analysis, its inherent limitations, and how to make meaningful comparisons of performance across firms.
3-6 The value of the “balanced scorecard” in recognizing how the interests of a variety of stakeholders can be interrelated.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
2
The Importance of the Internal Environment
Consider. . .
Which activities must a firm effectively manage and integrate in order to attain competitive advantages in the marketplace?
Which resources and capabilities must a firm create and nurture in order to sustain a competitive advantage?
©McGraw-Hill Education.
What if two firms compete in the same industry and both have many strengths in a variety of functional areas: marketing, operations, logistics, etc.? However, one of these firms outperforms the other by a wide margin over a long period of time. How can this be? The value-creating activities that the firm manages well, and the bundles of resources and capabilities that the firm has created and nurtured over time are crucial to answering these questions.
3
Value-Chain Analysis
Value-chain analysis looks at the sequential process of value-creating activities.
Value is the amount buyers are willing to pay for what a firm provides.
How is value created within the organization?
How is value created for other organizations in the overall supply chain or distribution channel?
The value received must exceed the costs of production.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
SWOT is a good starting point, but it doesn’t give enough guidance regarding the specific action steps needed to enact strategic change. For instance, a firm may have a capability that is a strength, but that, by itself, cannot create or sustain competitive advantage. It’s too easy to become preoccupied with a single dimension or element of what is, essentially, a moving target…MORE analysis may be necessary, which is where the value chain comes in. Value-chain analysis = a strategic analysis of an organization that uses value-creating activities. Value is the amount that buyers are willing to pay for what a firm provides them and is measured by total revenue, a reflection of the price a firm’s product commands, and the quantity it can sell. A firm is profitabl ...
How enterprise agility brings the real change
Enterprise agility involves adopting agile methodologies across entire organizations rather than just development teams. This allows companies to lower costs, improve customer satisfaction, and increase employee engagement. Some benefits of enterprise agility transformations include improved financial performance for around 65% of companies. Achieving enterprise agility requires adopting agile processes, business models, products/services, operating models, and commerce through techniques like process mining, platform-based models, modular design, and AI-driven pricing. Businesses can bring change through enterprise agility by adopting an agile mindset, hybrid frameworks, cross-functional teams, incorporating agility top-down and bottom-up, shifting testing left, and including agility in metrics and budgets.
Techniques for org appraisal
The document discusses various techniques for analyzing an organization's performance, including value chain analysis, quantitative analysis using financial ratios and non-financial metrics, comparative analysis against historical performance, industry norms, and benchmarks, and comprehensive analysis using tools like key factor rating, organizational capability profiling, and the balanced scorecard. Value chain analysis segments a company's activities into primary and support activities to understand where value is created. The balanced scorecard integrates financial and non-financial metrics across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth.
Assessment Of An Enterprise-Level Business System
This document analyzes the business processes at Platinum Concepts Pty Ltd and identifies areas for improvement. Currently, the company lacks automation and most work is done manually using paper-based systems. This leads to inefficiencies such as lost data, delays in fulfilling orders, and a lack of communication between departments. Implementing a business process management system through an ERP would address these issues by streamlining operations, facilitating information sharing, and supporting better strategic planning. Doing so could optimize workflows, enhance customer service, and help the company compete more effectively.
AuroIN - Enterprise mobility strategy | PPT
Enterprise mobility has redefined the use of personal devices in the workplace, but also how companies manage and protect network and data. Indeed, these new practices do not only imply a simple access to the information but also their transfer and use from a Smartphone or a tablet, as well as from a traditional computer. The growing use of tablets, Smartphones, and mobile applications has transformed the way organizations across all sectors exchange information and interact with their employees, partners, customers, and citizens. This new era has only just begun. Mobile technology is evolving rapidly: the challenge is not only to adopt it, but also to adapt to its rapid changes.
Q4 How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structu.docx
Q4 How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structure? 79
GearUp has chosen a low-cost strategy focused w i t h i n the sport ing goods
category, further focused w i t h i n the segment of buyers w h o are interested in special,
short-term sales. As the vignette at the start of this chapter indicates, i t needs to do
everything i t can to keep costs dovm.
How Does Competitive Strategy
Determine Value Chain Structure?
Organizations analyze the structure of their industry, and, using that analysis, they
formulate a competitive strategy. They then need to organize and structure the organ-
izat ion to i m p l e m e n t that strategy. If, for example, the competit ive strategy is to
be cost leader, like GearUp, then business activities need to be developed to provide
essential functions at the lowest possible cost.
A business that selects a dijferentiation strategy would not necessarily structure itself
around least-cost activities. Instead, such a business might choose to develop more costly
processes, but it would do so only if those processes provided benefits that outweighed
their costs. Porter defined value as the amount of money that a customer is wil l ing to
pay for a resource, product, or service. The difference between the value that an activity
generates and the cost of the activity is called the margin. A business w i t h a differentiation
strategy w i l l add cost to an activity only as long as the activity has a positive margin.
A value chain is a network of value-creating activities. That generic chain consists
of five primary activities and four support activities.
To understand the essence of the value chain, consider a small manufacturer—say, a
bicycle maker (see Figure 3-6). First, the manufacturer acquires raw materials using
the inbound logistics activity. This activity concerns the receiving and handling of raw
materials and other inputs. The accumulal ion of those materials adds value in the
sense that even a pile of unassembled parts is w o r t h something to some customer.
A collection of the parts needed to bui ld a bicycle is w o r t h more than an empty space
o n a shelf. The value is not only the parts themselves, but also the t ime required to
Bicycle Maker's Value Chain
Margin =
V a l u e - C o s t
Margin = ,
+ Value - C o s t y *
Margin =
Value - Cost
Margin =
Value - Cost
Margin =
V a l u e - C o s t
Manage Supplier
Relationships
(Procurement)
Investigate
New Designs
(Technology)
Hire & Support
Employees
(Human Resources)
/ T o t a l
/ Margin,
I Primary
X A c t l v i t i e s
Acquire
Bicycle
Parts
Produce Ship , K Market & , >v Service
Acquire
Bicycle
Parts Bicycle Bicycles ' 1> Sell Bicycles Customers
Manage Company
Resources
(Firm Infrastructure)
( Margin = ,̂ . ( Margin = \ / Margin = \ ( Margin = ^ Value-Cost / ^ ^ V a l u e - Costy' ^ VValue-CosW ^ VValue-Costy (Total Margin, Support Activities
Primary
Activity
S ...
Is the cloud right for your business?
We have developed a four-part framework to help companies determine organizational areas that could be best served by the cloud. By aligning technology with business strategy and understanding how the organization must adapt, companies can optimize the impact of their cloud investments.
Data Science And Analytics Outsourcing – Vendors, Models, Steps by Ravi Kalak...
- Data-driven business processes are becoming essential for companies as data generation and analytics capabilities grow increasingly important.
- Many companies are looking to outsource their analytics and data science functions to meet demand for faster innovation while overcoming fragmented in-house solutions.
- There are various models for outsourcing analytics, including project-based work, staff augmentation, and creating centers of excellence either onshore, offshore, or in a hybrid model. Key decisions include what capabilities to outsource and who will manage the outsourcing process.
Beanchmarketing
Benchmarking is the process of identifying and measuring best practices to evaluate an organization's performance and identify areas for improvement. It involves examining both internal business units and external competitors or leaders in other industries. The goal is to understand where an organization excels and where others perform similar functions better in order to implement changes that close performance gaps. There are different types of benchmarking that focus on strategies, processes, functions or specific business units depending on the goals. An effective benchmarking process involves understanding current performance, analyzing others, comparing performance, and implementing steps to improve.
What is operations management software?
Operations management software helps to make sure that all business operations, whether for services or products, are effective and efficient.
#mrpeasy #manufacturingsoftware #manufacturing #mrpsoftware #operationmanagement #mrpsystem #erpsystem #productionplanning #workflowmanagement
Business intelligence implementation case study
This document presents a case study of a retail company's implementation of a business intelligence project. It discusses how the company developed an effective business intelligence strategy that aligned intelligence outcomes with its information needs. The strategy used guiding principles and drew data from the company's ERP system. The case study provides insights for both researchers and practitioners on important factors for achieving effective business intelligence implementation.
Get Your Data Under Control in 5 Steps
This document discusses five steps for organizations to get their data under control: 1) implement a data governance structure, 2) refine software acquisition processes, 3) understand the full data lifecycle, 4) implement robust data management tools, and 5) initiate a data cleanup project. Taking these steps can help organizations achieve business outcomes like having a single version of the truth for analyzing data and improving data-driven processes.
Why Bullseye?
BullseyeEvaluation is a cloud-based performance management tool that integrates performance metrics and operational dashboards. It facilitates frequent communication around goals and KPIs to improve engagement, reduce turnover, strengthen management, and increase efficiency. The tool connects employee activities to corporate objectives through a dashboard interface. Organizations use BullseyeEvaluation to implement a performance culture and drive strategy execution through aligning goals.
Information System Management
The document discusses value chain analysis and information systems planning. It provides details on:
- The value chain concept developed by Michael Porter which views a firm as a series of activities that add value. It identifies six primary business functions in a value chain.
- Importance of value chain analysis including unlocking process gridlock, competitive advantage, and efficiency.
- Primary and support processes in a value chain including inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, procurement, technology development, and human resource management.
- Techniques for information systems planning including deriving the IS plan from the organizational plan, using a strategic grid, and strategy set transformation. Critical success factors and determining information requirements
Is the cloud right for your business?
By aligning technology with business strategy and understanding how the organization must adapt, companies can optimize the impact of their cloud investments. Companies can use four criteria to determine where the cloud can deliver the most value.
Learn more from our Cloud resource center - http://gt-us.co/1BQYYqp
Strategic management by akz
This document discusses integration and intensive strategies that companies undertake to expand their market reach, product lines, and competitive position. Intensive strategies require significant effort and allow companies to enter new markets, develop new products, and improve capabilities. They enhance efficiency and effectiveness of existing and new products by adding value and increasing sales and revenues. Examples of intensive strategies include increased advertising, hiring more salespeople, and extensive publicity efforts. Integration strategies allow companies to gain control over distributors, suppliers, and competitors to increase market share and diversify while reducing costs. Types of integration strategies include vertical, forward, backward, and horizontal integration between companies.
I4MS Talk "Industry 4.0 & the integrated environment" presentation
This document discusses horizontal and vertical integration in Industry 4.0. Horizontal integration refers to the exchange of data across all objects, departments, and companies within a network. Vertical integration ties together all logical layers within an organization from production to other business units. The benefits of integration include improved visibility, flexibility, productivity, and automation. Integration can occur both within a company and across the supply chain. Cloud-based integration using service-oriented platforms allows data to flow freely between all levels and business units.
Unit 5 E-BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES
The document discusses factors that affect business competitiveness and productivity. It states that competitiveness is a multidimensional concept that involves generating competitive advantages through assets, capabilities, processes, knowledge and implementing strategies to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Productivity refers to how well a business converts inputs like labor, materials and capital into outputs like goods and services. Some ways to improve productivity mentioned include using technology to improve operations, reviewing processes, and implementing continuous improvement approaches. The key operations performance objectives for businesses are listed as low cost, high quality, speed, dependability and flexibility.
The Data-To-Business bridge model for business development organizations
This is a methodology to extract, justify, apply and track actionable insights from a structured dataset and a cross-departments exchange. Please find its summarized mechanism below.
A simple “coordination & action” concept based on four pillars, their related key actions and two strong principles that feed your organization everyday: Growing Cells & “comestible” Fuel. Human Beings interacting and learning collaboratively & Structured data understandable and exploitable by them.
Thanks to both and the D2B bridge, your organization will be able to identify and implement actionable insights that will positively impact your overall business growth and organizational processes. Moreover, your organization will build by itself a learning machine that each individual will beneficiate from. Actions run by someone’s God Feeling appear now as obsolete. For sure, Alone, we go faster. But together, we go farer.
Similar to Horizontal IntegrationThe activities which are complementary to pr.pdf (20)
CHAPTER 3Assessing the Internal Environment of the FirmCopyr
CHAPTER 3Assessing the Internal Environment of the FirmCopyr
Q4 How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structu.docx
Q4 How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structu.docx
Data Science And Analytics Outsourcing – Vendors, Models, Steps by Ravi Kalak...
Data Science And Analytics Outsourcing – Vendors, Models, Steps by Ravi Kalak...
I4MS Talk "Industry 4.0 & the integrated environment" presentation
I4MS Talk "Industry 4.0 & the integrated environment" presentation
The Data-To-Business bridge model for business development organizations
The Data-To-Business bridge model for business development organizations
More from info518726
HeadPhone.java All the outputs were same because the variabl.pdf
// HeadPhone.java
/* All the outputs were same because the variables declared and defined in HeadPhone class
were static,
they will be updated only once during the program execution.
removing the static keyword from the variables which will be updated during the program
execution will
give the desired results
*/
public class HeadPhone {
private static final int LOW = 1;
private static final int MEDIUM = 2;
private static final int HIGH = 3;
private int volume = 0;
private boolean pluggedIn = false;
private String none = null;
private String manufacturer = none;
private String headPhoneColor = none;
private String volPos = none;
private String switchPos= none;
private String onOrOff= none;
// Default Headphone Constructor
public HeadPhone() {
volume = MEDIUM;
pluggedIn = false;
manufacturer = \"Sony\";
headPhoneColor = \"Gold\";
}
// Headphone Constructor
public HeadPhone (int volume2, boolean pluggedIn2, String manufacturer2, String
headPhoneColor2) {
volume = volume2;
pluggedIn = pluggedIn2;
manufacturer = manufacturer2;
headPhoneColor = headPhoneColor2;
}
// Setter Methods
// setVolume
public void setVolume(int volume2) {
volume = volume2;
}
// setPluggedIn
public void setPluggedIn(boolean pluggedIn2) {
pluggedIn = pluggedIn2;
}
// setManufacturer
public void setManufacturer(String manufacturer2) {
manufacturer = manufacturer2;
}
// setColor
public void setColor(String headPhoneColor2) {
headPhoneColor = headPhoneColor2;
}
// Getter Methods
// getVolume
public int getVolume() {
if(volume == 3) {
volPos = \"HIGH\";
}
else if (volume == 2) {
volPos = \"MEDIUM\";
}
else if(volume == 1) {
volPos = \"LOW\";
}
else {
System.out.println(\"Your entry is invalid, please try again.\");
}
return volume;
}
//getPluggedIn
public boolean getPluggedIn() {
if(pluggedIn == false) {
onOrOff = \"Off\";
}
else {
onOrOff = \"On\";
}
return pluggedIn;
}
//getManufacturer
public String getManufacturer() {
return manufacturer;
}
//getColor
public String getColor() {
return headPhoneColor;
}
// changeVolume method
public void changeVolume(int volume2) {
setVolume(volume2);
}
// toString method
public String toString() {
String str = \"toString() results: (volume=\" + volume + \", pluggedIn=\" + pluggedIn + \",
Manufacturer=\" + manufacturer + \", HeadPhone Color=\" + headPhoneColor +\")\";
return str;
}
}
// TestHeadPhone.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestHeadPhone {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int row = 4;
HeadPhone [] hfArray = new HeadPhone[row];
HeadPhone hpObj1 = new HeadPhone();
hfArray[0] = hpObj1;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i=1; i<4; i++) {
HeadPhone hpObj2 = new HeadPhone();
System.out.println(\"Please enter the data for new headphones:\");
System.out.println(\"Would you like to turn the headphones on? (Type \'true\' for on, Type
\'false\' for off: \");
hpObj2.setPluggedIn(input.nextBoolean());
System.out.println(\"Please the the volume (Options are by integer (1 = Low, 2 = Medium, 3 =
High): \");
hpObj2.setV.
Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n.pdf
// Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n
#include
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r);
// The main function that prints all combinations of size r
// in arr[] of size n. This function mainly uses combinationUtil()
void printCombination(int arr[], int n, int r)
{
// A temporary array to store all combination one by one
int data[r];
// Print all combination using temprary array \'data[]\'
combinationUtil(arr, data, 0, n-1, 0, r);
}
/* arr[] ---> Input Array
data[] ---> Temporary array to store current combination
start & end ---> Staring and Ending indexes in arr[]
index ---> Current index in data[]
r ---> Size of a combination to be printed */
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r)
{
// Current combination is ready to be printed, print it
if (index == r)
{
if (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3]==24)
{
for (int j=0; j= r-index\" makes sure that including one element
// at index will make a combination with remaining elements
// at remaining positions
for (int i=start; i<=end && end-i+1 >= r-index; i++)
{
data[index] = arr[i];
combinationUtil(arr, data, i+1, end, index+1, r);
}
}
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
int r = 4;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printCombination(arr, n, r);
}
Solution
// Program to print all combination of size r in an array of size n
#include
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r);
// The main function that prints all combinations of size r
// in arr[] of size n. This function mainly uses combinationUtil()
void printCombination(int arr[], int n, int r)
{
// A temporary array to store all combination one by one
int data[r];
// Print all combination using temprary array \'data[]\'
combinationUtil(arr, data, 0, n-1, 0, r);
}
/* arr[] ---> Input Array
data[] ---> Temporary array to store current combination
start & end ---> Staring and Ending indexes in arr[]
index ---> Current index in data[]
r ---> Size of a combination to be printed */
void combinationUtil(int arr[], int data[], int start, int end,
int index, int r)
{
// Current combination is ready to be printed, print it
if (index == r)
{
if (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3]==24)
{
for (int j=0; j= r-index\" makes sure that including one element
// at index will make a combination with remaining elements
// at remaining positions
for (int i=start; i<=end && end-i+1 >= r-index; i++)
{
data[index] = arr[i];
combinationUtil(arr, data, i+1, end, index+1, r);
}
}
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
int r = 4;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printCombination(arr, n, r);
}.
Methanol is soluble in water. methanol is a one carbon organic alco.pdf
Methanol is soluble in water. methanol is a one carbon organic alcohol. The -OH group forms
favorable hydrogen bonds with water, and the hydrophobic portion is small enough that it can
readily dissolve.
Solution
Methanol is soluble in water. methanol is a one carbon organic alcohol. The -OH group forms
favorable hydrogen bonds with water, and the hydrophobic portion is small enough that it can
readily dissolve..
Solubility in water happens when something is pol.pdf
Solubility in water happens when something is polar or charged. Charged is much
easier to understand--it\'s when there\'s an actual positive or negative charge on any given
molecule. Polarity is just like charge, but instead of the electrons being specifically on a given
atom and not on another (like in Na+ and Cl-), they\'re shared in a way such that they spend
more time on one atom vs another (like CH3OH--the electrons spend more time on the O than
they do on either the C or the Hs). How do you know which atoms like to hold onto electrons
more than other atoms? Electronegativity differences. Certain atoms like F, N, and O are really
electronegative, which means they like to hold onto electrons more than other atoms, like, say, C
and H. So, if F were bound to C, the electrons would be on the F more often than the C. On the
other hand, if you have to atoms, like C and H, which have very similar electronegativity values,
they will share the electrons more readily, and the electrons don\'t stay on one or the other atoms
more often. Such molecules are called non-polar, and are, in fact, not soluble in water. Instead,
they\'re fat-soluble, because fat is just a whole bunch of C-H bonds next to each other. So,
looking at the structures of those given vitamins, vitamin A consists mostly of a bunch of C-H
bonds; it\'s likely fat soluble. Vitamin B6 has a bunch of C-O-H bonds and an N, too. It\'s much
more polar, and likely water soluble. Vitamin C has tons of oxygens and is definitely water
soluble. Vitamin E is mostly C-H bonds and not too many O-H or O-C bonds, so it\'s likely fat
soluble. Hope that helps! :)
Solution
Solubility in water happens when something is polar or charged. Charged is much
easier to understand--it\'s when there\'s an actual positive or negative charge on any given
molecule. Polarity is just like charge, but instead of the electrons being specifically on a given
atom and not on another (like in Na+ and Cl-), they\'re shared in a way such that they spend
more time on one atom vs another (like CH3OH--the electrons spend more time on the O than
they do on either the C or the Hs). How do you know which atoms like to hold onto electrons
more than other atoms? Electronegativity differences. Certain atoms like F, N, and O are really
electronegative, which means they like to hold onto electrons more than other atoms, like, say, C
and H. So, if F were bound to C, the electrons would be on the F more often than the C. On the
other hand, if you have to atoms, like C and H, which have very similar electronegativity values,
they will share the electrons more readily, and the electrons don\'t stay on one or the other atoms
more often. Such molecules are called non-polar, and are, in fact, not soluble in water. Instead,
they\'re fat-soluble, because fat is just a whole bunch of C-H bonds next to each other. So,
looking at the structures of those given vitamins, vitamin A consists mostly of a bunch of C-H
bonds; it\'s likely fat soluble. Vi.
moles = 0.144 .pdf
The document provides the value of moles as 0.144. No other information or context is given about what this value represents.
It is used to remove water from the organic layer.pdf
It is used to remove water from the organic layer. During the experiment some
water gets into the organic layer because of the partial miscibility of the organic products in
water. Saturated sodium chloride will pull the water from the organic layer following simple
solute rules. Sat. NaCl wants to become more dilute and salts have a higher affinity for water
than for organic solvents. Therefore removing the bulk of the water in the organic layer.
Solution
It is used to remove water from the organic layer. During the experiment some
water gets into the organic layer because of the partial miscibility of the organic products in
water. Saturated sodium chloride will pull the water from the organic layer following simple
solute rules. Sat. NaCl wants to become more dilute and salts have a higher affinity for water
than for organic solvents. Therefore removing the bulk of the water in the organic layer..
nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus .pdf
nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus , so nitrogen tends to attracts
more of the electron cloud towards itself. hence nitrogen phosphorous bond in not fully covalent.
hence there is no equal sharing of electrons
Solution
nitrogen is more electronegative than phosphorus , so nitrogen tends to attracts
more of the electron cloud towards itself. hence nitrogen phosphorous bond in not fully covalent.
hence there is no equal sharing of electrons.
ionic equation is 2 Cu+2(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) + 4 K+(aq.pdf
ionic equation is 2 Cu+2(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) + 4 K+(aq)+ 4I-(aq) --> 2 CuI(s) + I2(aq) +
4 K+(aq)+ 4Cl-(aq)
Solution
ionic equation is 2 Cu+2(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) + 4 K+(aq)+ 4I-(aq) --> 2 CuI(s) + I2(aq) +
4 K+(aq)+ 4Cl-(aq).
hydration of alkene. .pdf
The document discusses hydration of alkene. Alkene undergoes addition reaction with water to form an alcohol. Water adds across the carbon-carbon double bond in alkene resulting in a saturated alcohol product.
H2O + NO + NO2 -- 2HNO2 Three molecules collide.pdf
H2O + NO + NO2 --> 2HNO2 Three molecules collide at an instant is rare, thus it
is not an elementary reaction that can occur at a significant rate.
Solution
H2O + NO + NO2 --> 2HNO2 Three molecules collide at an instant is rare, thus it
is not an elementary reaction that can occur at a significant rate..
he coordination compounds , metal complexes or si.pdf
he coordination compounds , metal complexes or simply complexes are compounds
which contain an ion or a central atom, usually a metal, surrounded by a collection of ions or
molecules. The chance discovery dell\'esamminocobalto (III) chloride, CoCl 3 6 NH 3 , due to
Tassaert in 1798 marks the beginning of the chemistry of the complexes. Many of the jobs
immediately after they were made ??with ammonia and complex that resulted were called
metallammine. Subsequently it was found that other amines and other anions such as CN - , NO
2 - , NCS - , Cl - can form complexes with metals. Many compounds were prepared with these
anions and, at first, were called by the name of the chemical that prepared them first.
Subsequently, because of the fact that many of these complexes was colored, was used a scheme
of nomenclature based on the color. Our current knowledge about the nature of the metal
complexes are due to Werner , in 1893 at the age of 26 years suggested that even today is called
coordination theory of Werner. His most important are three postulates: Most of the elements
have two types of meaning: a) primary valence and b) secondary valence. In modern terminology
a) corresponds to the oxidation state and b) the coordination number Each element tends to
satisfy the valence both primary and secondary The secondary valence is directed towards fixed
positions of the space Consider the complex cloroamminocobalto (III). According to the theory
of Werner the first member of the series has the formula Co [(NH 3 ) 6 ] Cl 3 and is represented
as shown in the figure: (i upload for u on this address: Structures
http://i45.tinypic.com/2l2654.gif http://i50.tinypic.com/jaykgy.jpg) The primary valence or
oxidation state of the cobalt (III) is 3. The three ions Cl - primary saturate the valence of cobalt
chloride ions and then the three primary saturate the valence of cobalt negative ions that
neutralize the positive charge of the metal ion affect the primary value.
Solution
he coordination compounds , metal complexes or simply complexes are compounds
which contain an ion or a central atom, usually a metal, surrounded by a collection of ions or
molecules. The chance discovery dell\'esamminocobalto (III) chloride, CoCl 3 6 NH 3 , due to
Tassaert in 1798 marks the beginning of the chemistry of the complexes. Many of the jobs
immediately after they were made ??with ammonia and complex that resulted were called
metallammine. Subsequently it was found that other amines and other anions such as CN - , NO
2 - , NCS - , Cl - can form complexes with metals. Many compounds were prepared with these
anions and, at first, were called by the name of the chemical that prepared them first.
Subsequently, because of the fact that many of these complexes was colored, was used a scheme
of nomenclature based on the color. Our current knowledge about the nature of the metal
complexes are due to Werner , in 1893 at the age of 26 years suggested that even today is called
coordination .
PdCl2 + 2DMSO PdCl22DMSO It forms a complexe..pdf
PdCl2 + 2DMSO ? PdCl2*2DMSO It forms a complexe.
Solution
PdCl2 + 2DMSO ? PdCl2*2DMSO It forms a complexe..
melting point of the mixture decreases when small.pdf
melting point of the mixture decreases when small amount of naphthalene is added
Solution
melting point of the mixture decreases when small amount of naphthalene is added.
Polymers are made by joining small molecules into large ones.But m.pdf
Polymers are made by joining small molecules into large ones.But most of these monomer
molecules are perfectly stable as they are, so they have devised two general methods to make
them react with each other, building up the backbone chain as the reaction proceeds.
This method (also known as step-growth) requires that the monomers possess two or more kinds
of functional groups that are able to react with each other in such a way that parts of these groups
combine to form a small molecule (often H2O) which is eliminated from the two pieces.
2 Additional Polymerisation:
Polymer play a major role in various industry sector and which are used in plastic bags ,water
pipes outer layer of
electric wires clothing and,woven fabric and also other materials.
PLASTIC BAGS:
WATER PIPES
OUTER LAYER OF ELECTRIC WIRES:
Outer layer of insulator is also called as electric insulator.
It is the most commonly used thermoplastic insulator for cables.
It is cheap, durable and widely available.
However, the chlorine in PVC (a halogen) causes the production of thick, toxic, black smoke
when burnt and can be a health hazard in areas where low smoke and toxicity are required
Normal operating temperatures are typically between 75C and 105C (depending on PVC type).
CLOTHING:
Solution
Polymers are made by joining small molecules into large ones.But most of these monomer
molecules are perfectly stable as they are, so they have devised two general methods to make
them react with each other, building up the backbone chain as the reaction proceeds.
This method (also known as step-growth) requires that the monomers possess two or more kinds
of functional groups that are able to react with each other in such a way that parts of these groups
combine to form a small molecule (often H2O) which is eliminated from the two pieces.
2 Additional Polymerisation:
Polymer play a major role in various industry sector and which are used in plastic bags ,water
pipes outer layer of
electric wires clothing and,woven fabric and also other materials.
PLASTIC BAGS:
WATER PIPES
OUTER LAYER OF ELECTRIC WIRES:
Outer layer of insulator is also called as electric insulator.
It is the most commonly used thermoplastic insulator for cables.
It is cheap, durable and widely available.
However, the chlorine in PVC (a halogen) causes the production of thick, toxic, black smoke
when burnt and can be a health hazard in areas where low smoke and toxicity are required
Normal operating temperatures are typically between 75C and 105C (depending on PVC type).
CLOTHING:.
What is Operational ExcellenceAchieving Operational Excellence requ.pdf
What is Operational Excellence?Achieving Operational Excellence requires the successful
implementation of a integrated Business Execution System that effectively and seamlessly
integrates the following four building blocks: 1)Strategy Deployment2)Performance
Management3)Process Excellence and4)High Performance Work Teams.Strategy or Policy
Deployment is the process that aligns and links business strategy and execution. Strategy
Deployment Performance Management High Performance Work Teams Process Excellence
Operational Excellence Business Execution System Strategy Deployment Process
Tools: 1)The Hoshin X-Matrix is a tool that visualizes an organization’sstrategic
objectives,strategic initiatives,key performance indicators,key projects &action items, andhuman
resources requirements in one simple matrix. 2)The Hoshin X-Matrixenables an organization to
easily review the alignment of its strategic objectives, strategicinitiatives, key performance
indicators, key action items and human resources.
Supply chain management:If you manage a small firm that makes a few products or sells a few
services, chances are you will have a small number of suppliers. Supply chain: 1)A firm\'s
supply chain is a network of organization and business processes for procuring raw materials,
transforming these materials into intermediate and finished products, and distributing the
finished products to customers.2)Supply chain software is classified as either software to help
businesses plan their supply chains (supply chain planning) or software to help them execute the
supply chain steps. 3)it manage the flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses
to ensure that products are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner.
Customer Relationship Management Systems 1) You were probably heard phrases such as the
customer is always right or the customer comes first. Today these words ring more true than
ever. 2)Because competitive advantage based on an innovative new product or service is often
very short lived, companies are realizing that their only enduring competitive strength may be
their relationships with their customers. 3) Some say that the basis of competition has switched
from who sells the most products and services to whom own the customer, and that customer
relationships represent a firm\'s most valuable asset. 4) Customer relationship management
systems typically provide software and online tools for sales, customer service, and marketing.
5)Partner relationship management (PRM) uses many of the same data, tools, and systems as
customer relationship management to enhance collaboration between a company and its selling
partners.
Enterprise Application: 1)Enterprise application require not only deep seated technological
changes but also fundamental changes in the way the business operates. 2)Companies must make
sweeping changes to their business processes to work with the software. 3)Companies adopting
enterprise applications can .
the name arsenic acid, like phosphoric acid (H3PO4), does notconvey .pdf
the name arsenic acid, like phosphoric acid (H3PO4), does notconvey the structure, but does fit
into a general patternwhereby the ending ‘ic’ denotes a higher or the
highest possible oxidation state (compare nitric acid, sulfuricacid).
HClO: Hypochlorous Acid
Solution
the name arsenic acid, like phosphoric acid (H3PO4), does notconvey the structure, but does fit
into a general patternwhereby the ending ‘ic’ denotes a higher or the
highest possible oxidation state (compare nitric acid, sulfuricacid).
HClO: Hypochlorous Acid.
Sucrose is a molecular compound and does not ionize in solution.KC.pdf
Sucrose is a molecular compound and does not ionize in solution.
KCl is a soluble ionic compound and fully ionizes in solution:
KCl(aq) => K+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Sucrose and KCl do not interact in solution.
Mass balance equation: [KCl] = [K+]
Charge balance equation: [K+] = [Cl-]
Solution
Sucrose is a molecular compound and does not ionize in solution.
KCl is a soluble ionic compound and fully ionizes in solution:
KCl(aq) => K+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Sucrose and KCl do not interact in solution.
Mass balance equation: [KCl] = [K+]
Charge balance equation: [K+] = [Cl-].
C. Increasing the temperature of the system .pdf
Increasing the temperature of the system is proposed as a solution. No other details are provided about the system, the current temperature, the proposed increased temperature, or the expected effects of a higher temperature. The summary is limited due to the brevity of the original document.
because Electron Affinity is the amount of energy.pdf
because Electron Affinity is the amount of energy needed to add an electron to an
atom or molecule.. Thus Decreasing its Stabillity and Whenever We have Decrease in Stability
We Have A Negative Energy Released thus energy required and hence negative electron
affinity..The Electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released
when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion. X + e- ? X-
(note: the correct equation in words is X + electron -> X + energy) This property is measured for
atoms and molecules in the gaseous state only, since in the solid or liquid states their energy
levels would be changed by contact with other atoms or molecules. A list of the electron
affinities was used by Robert S. Mulliken to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms, equal
to the average of the electron affinity and ionization potential.Other theoretical concepts that use
electron affinity include electronic chemical potential and chemical hardness. Another example,
a molecule or atom that has a more positive value of electron affinity than another is often called
an electron acceptor and the less positive an electron donor. Together they may undergo charge-
transfer reactions. In solids, the electron affinity is the energy difference between the vacuum
energy and the conduction band minimum. To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to
keep track of sign. For any reaction that releases energy, the change in energy, ?E, has a negative
value and the reaction is called an exothermic process. Electron capture for almost all non-noble
gas atoms involves the release of energy and thus are exothermic. The positive values that are
listed in tables of Eea are amounts or magnitudes. It is the word, released within the definition
energy released that supplies the negative sign. Confusion arises in mistaking Eea for a change in
energy, ?E, in which case the positive values listed in tables would be for an endo- not exo-
thermic process. The relation between the two is, Eea = - ?E(attach). However, if the value
assigned to Eea is negative, the negative sign implies a reversal of direction, and energy is
required to attach an electron. In this case, the electron capture is an endothermic process and the
relationship, Eea = - ?E(attach) is still valid. Negative values typically arise for the capture of a
second electron, but also for the nitrogen atom. The usual expression for calculating Eea when
an electron is attached is Eea = (Einitial - Efinal)attach = - ?E(attach) This expression does
follow the convention ?X = X(final) - X(initial) since - ?E = - (E(final) - E(initial)) = E(initial) -
E(final). Equivalently, electron affinity can also be defined as the amount of energy required to
detach an electron from a singly charged negative ion,i.e. the energy change for the process X- ?
X + e- If the same table is employed for the forward and reverse reactions, without switching
signs, care must be take.
Ques-1Clostredium botulinum, bacteria that cause food poisoning &.pdf
Ques-1:
Clostredium botulinum, bacteria that cause food poisoning & it is the etiological agent in this
outbreak of food poisoning
Ques-2:
This food intoxication because \"botulinum\" is the toxin generated by these bacteria by
putrefying food material and these bacteria is anaerobic. These toxins are made of exotoxins,
endotoxins (tetanus toxin, botulism toxin & cholera toxin) as these are composed of proteins,
lipoppolysaccharides produced through cell wall to act on the host cell immune system. These
are virulent and cause damage to host cells through inflammatory mediators released via
phagocytosis by immune system. I would declare the situation as a sortumme an outbreak, this is
because acute episodes of \"gastrointestinal illness is mainly due to food borne illness caused by
\"clostridium botulinum\". It has observed clear symptoms of disease characterized by nausea,
headache, blurred vision, bronchoconstriction due to stiffen throat & neck
Fever, headache, nausea, and severe respiratory symptoms followed by blurred vision; this is
because botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that potentially inhibits release of acetylcholine from
nerve endings and leading to drooping eyelid and slurred speech.
Ques-3:
Potato salad was transported in a loose in a pickup truck & it is not covered or packed before
preparing meals therefore anaerobic fermentation of this carbohydrate is the source of
contamination of this bacteria & cause food borne illness
Solution
Ques-1:
Clostredium botulinum, bacteria that cause food poisoning & it is the etiological agent in this
outbreak of food poisoning
Ques-2:
This food intoxication because \"botulinum\" is the toxin generated by these bacteria by
putrefying food material and these bacteria is anaerobic. These toxins are made of exotoxins,
endotoxins (tetanus toxin, botulism toxin & cholera toxin) as these are composed of proteins,
lipoppolysaccharides produced through cell wall to act on the host cell immune system. These
are virulent and cause damage to host cells through inflammatory mediators released via
phagocytosis by immune system. I would declare the situation as a sortumme an outbreak, this is
because acute episodes of \"gastrointestinal illness is mainly due to food borne illness caused by
\"clostridium botulinum\". It has observed clear symptoms of disease characterized by nausea,
headache, blurred vision, bronchoconstriction due to stiffen throat & neck
Fever, headache, nausea, and severe respiratory symptoms followed by blurred vision; this is
because botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that potentially inhibits release of acetylcholine from
nerve endings and leading to drooping eyelid and slurred speech.
Ques-3:
Potato salad was transported in a loose in a pickup truck & it is not covered or packed before
preparing meals therefore anaerobic fermentation of this carbohydrate is the source of
contamination of this bacteria & cause food borne illness.
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