Prepared by Tabitha Chamboko, Finmark

1. Impact of COVID-19 on the welfare of
rural households in Nigeria (round 2)
Funded by USAID
Prepared by
Tabitha Chamboko, Finmark

2. COVID-19 in Nigeria
▪ First case: February 27, 2020
o September 23, 2020: 57,613 cases, 1100 deaths
o December 31, 2020: 86,576 cases, 1278 deaths
▪ Swift government action:
o Travel ban on 13 countries and ban on mass gatherings March 18.
Travel bans extend to all domestic and international flights in April.
o March 19th federal government orders closure of schools
o Lockdown in Federal Capital Territory, Lagos and Ogun states declared
on 30 March, other states issue lockdown orders throughout April
o Lockdown restrictions began easing in May with second phase
lockdown still ongoing
o Schools reopened partially on 21 September 2020 and fully in mid
October, 2020

3. Phone Survey
▪ First round of phone survey conducted from mid August to mid-
September with 501 households; four more rounds of data collection
foreseen
▪ Second round of phone survey in mid-October, 2020
▪ Focus on behavioral responses to COVID-19, income changes, food
and nutrition security, water security, and mobility

4. Location of
respondents
Kaduna state
and Cross
Rivers

5. COVID-19 and household welfare
▪ There has been a decline in the number of households experiencing a loss
of income due to Covid-19 (80% in Round 1 and 53% in Round 2)
▪ There has been an increase in the use of borrowing for coping with income
losses and the use of savings has remained high, particularly among
women
▪ There has been a decline in the percentage of respondents who have
reported having done work in the last 7 days of Round 2, particularly
among women respondents
▪ Women are now spending more time caring for others than men

6. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Male respondents Female respondents
ShareofHouseholds
Round 1 Round 2
Income loss due to Covid-19 (%)

7. Coping mechanisms to deal with loss of income (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Use savings Sale of assets Borrow money Consumed less Reduced
expenditure
Found alternative
work
Transfers
ShareofHouseholds
Women
Round 1 Round 2
Filter: those who have lost income
0
20
40
60
80
100
Use savings Sale of assets Borrow money Consumed less Reduced
expenditure
Found alternative
work
Transfers
ShareofHouseholds
Men
Round 1 Round 2

8. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Male respondents Female respondents
ShareofHouseholds
Round 1 Round 2
Worked in the last 7 days (%)

9. Time spent caring for others (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
More than before Less than before About the same
ShareofHouseholds
Women
Round 1 Round 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
More than before Less than before About the same
ShareofHouseholds
Men
Round 1 Round 2

10. Food security and dietary diversity
▪ Compared to round one, there has been a slight improvement in
households’ access to food
▪ At the same time, a lower share of women reported having an adequate
diet

11. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Male respondents Female respondents
ShareofHouseholds
Round 1 Round 2
Access to food changed (%)

12. Changes in access to food (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Unable to obtain enough food Getting food from different
sources
Eating different foods Eating less food
ShareofHouseholds
Women
Round 1 Round 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Unable to obtain enough food Getting food from different
sources
Eating different foods Eating less food
ShareofHouseholds
Men
Round 1 Round 2

13. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Women with adequate diet (5 out of 10 food groups consumed)
ShareofHouseholds
Round 1 Round 2
Minimum dietary diversity for women (%)

14. Frequency of not washing hands when necessary (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Never (0 times) Rarely (1 times) Sometimes (2-5 times) Often (6-10 times) Always (>10 times)
ShareofHouseholds
Men
Round 1 Round 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Never (0 times) Rarely (1 times) Sometimes (2-5 times) Often (6-10 times) Always (>10 times)
ShareofHouseholds
Women
Round 1 Round 2

15. Being afraid of spouse or partner (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Often Sometimes Rarely Never
ShareofHouseholds
Men
Round 1 Round 2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Often Sometimes Rarely Never
ShareofHouseholds
Women
Round 1 Round 2

16. Conclusion
▪ Covid-19 is still impacting households, with a higher proportion of females
reported having not worked in the last 7 days of Round 2
▪ At the same time, there has been a considerable drop in the number of
households still experiencing a loss of income due to Covid-19
▪ Compared to round 1, borrowing increased for coping with income loss,
presumably as savings and assets have been depleted; particularly women have
resorted to borrowing
▪ There has been a slight improvement in households’ access to food, but the
share of women unable to get access to enough food increased
▪ Household water insecurity slightly improved in round 2
▪ There was a slight increase in the number of women being afraid of their spouses
and a slight decline in the number of men being afraid of their spouse