Developing countries face serious problems on building and using digital libraries (DL) due to low computer and Internet penetration rates, lack of financial resources, etc. Thus, since mobile phones are much more used than computers in these countries, they might be a good alternative for accessing DL. Moreover, in the developed world there has been an exponential growth on the usage of mobile phones for data traffic, establishing a good ground for accessing DL on mobile devices. This paper presents a design proposal for making DSpace-based digital libraries accessible on mobile phones. Since DSpace is a popular free and open source DL system used around the world, making it accessible through mobile devices might contribute for improving the global accessibility of scientific and academic publications.

1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 1 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS)
Volume 6, Issue 2, March–April 2017, pp. 01–07, Article ID: IJLIS_06_02_001
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issues.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=6&IType=2
Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.2651 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 2277-3533 and ISSN Online: 2277-3584
© IAEME Publication
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL LIBRARY
SYSTEM BY USING DSPACE & ANDROID APPS
AT AMU MAIN CAMPUS
Dr. Narayana Swamy R
Associate Professor, Department of ECE, AMIT, Arba Minch University,
Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Ato. Haile Mariam M
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, AMIT, Arba Minch University,
Arba Minch, Ethiopia
ABSTRACT
Developing countries face serious problems on building and using digital libraries
(DL) due to low computer and Internet penetration rates, lack of financial resources,
etc. Thus, since mobile phones are much more used than computers in these countries,
they might be a good alternative for accessing DL. Moreover, in the developed world
there has been an exponential growth on the usage of mobile phones for data traffic,
establishing a good ground for accessing DL on mobile devices. This paper presents a
design proposal for making DSpace-based digital libraries accessible on mobile
phones. Since DSpace is a popular free and open source DL system used around the
world, making it accessible through mobile devices might contribute for improving the
global accessibility of scientific and academic publications.
Key words: Dspace, Android App, Routing
Cite this Article: Dr. Narayana Swamy R and Ato. Haile Mariam M, Implementation
of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at AMU Main Campus.
International Journal of Library & Information Science, 6(2), 2017, pp.01–07.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issues.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=6&IType=2
1. INTRODUCTION
Developing countries face serious problems on building and using digital libraries (DL) due
to low computer and Internet penetration rates, lack of financial resources, etc. Thus, since
mobile phones are much more used than computers in these countries, they might be a good
alternative for accessing DL. Moreover, in the developed world there has been an exponential
growth on the usage of mobile phones for data traffic, establishing a good ground for
accessing DL on mobile devices. This paper presents a design proposal for making DSpace-
based digital libraries accessible on mobile phones. Since DSpace is a popular free and open
source DL system used around the world, making it accessible through mobile devices might

2. Dr. Narayana Swamy R and Ato. Haile Mariam M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com
contribute for improving the global accessibility of scientific and academic publications these
countries are 20,5% and 24,5% respectively, there are about 76 mobile phones for each 100
people. Thus, if digital libraries could be made available on these devices, they would
theoretically reach a broader range of people.
By its turn, in the developed world, where these challenges are not crucial, digital libraries
have promoted a particularly evident transformation on the accessibility of scientific and
academic materials, making resources available in a very quick and reliable manner. In these
countries, according to the same ITU statistics, the percentage of households with Internet and
computer are 71.4% and 74,0% respectively, and there are about 118 mobile phones for each
100 people! Moreover, there is a strong trend towards the usage of mobile devices for Internet
access. In 2009 for the first time, mobile phones were used more for accessing data than for
making calls [4]. Thus, making digital libraries accessible over mobile phones seem also to
bring important added value into the developed countries.
• Before venturing into making a service available on mobile phones it is imperative to have a
clear understanding on the potential users, on which equipments they use, on what their
objectives are, etc.
• On mobile devices, only a subset of the system functionalities should be made available, with
a particular attention to an adequate interaction design. However, the results should always be
the same, no matter if a desktop computer or a mobile device is used.
• A native mobile application is usually recommended when some mobile phone specific
features are required, such as offline access, camera usage, user location, etc.
• A specific web service should be created to provide data to the application instead of bundling
images and metadata with the application.
2. PROBLEM DOMAIN
• Library space.
• Issual of library cards.
• Monitoring of the transaction.
• Lack of books.
• Presence of a librarian.
• Crowdy library.
• Safety and security of the library books.
• Pressure in organizing the books.
• Failure in reaching library updates to the students.
2.1. Proposed System
• Getting offline content into online.
• Providing mobile connection to that online content.
• Uploading pdf files, Notes, images and lecture videos.

3. Implementation of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at
AMU Main Campus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1 System Architecture.
4. DSPACE
The DSpace is a joint project of the MIT Libraries and HP labs. It is a digital asset
management system that allows institutions, such as libraries to collect, archive, index, and
disseminate the scholarly and intellectual efforts of a community. Written with a combination
of technologies by MIT, it is primarily used to capture bibliographic information describing
articles, papers, theses, and dissertations. DSpace is adaptable to different community needs.
Interoperability between systems is built-in and it adheres to international standards for
metadata format. Being an open source technology platform, DSpace can be customized to
extend its capabilities. Some of its characteristics as shown in DSpace documentation are as:
a) It is a service model for open access and/or digital archiving for perennial access.
b) Provides a platform to frame an Institutional Repository and the collections are searchable
and retrievable by the Web.
c) Helps to make available institution-based scholarly material in digital formats. The
collections will be open and interoperable.
The organization of data modal in DSpace is intended to mirror the structure of the
organization using the DSpace. Each DSpace site is divided into communities, which can be
further divided into sub-communities reflecting the typical university structure of college,
department, research centre, or laboratory. Communities contain collections, which are
groupings of related content. A collection may appear in more than one community. Each
collection is composed of items, which are the basic archival elements of the archive. Each
item is owned by one collection. Additionally, an item may appear in additional collections;
however every item has one and only one owning collection. Items are further subdivided into
named bundles of bitstreams. Bitstreams are, as the name suggests, streams of bits, usually
ordinary computer files. Bitstreams that are somehow closely related (for example HTML
files and images that compose a single HTML document) are organized into bundles.
.

4. Dr. Narayana Swamy R and Ato. Haile Mariam M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 4 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 DSpace Digital repository Modal.
5. ANDROID APP
The core idea of this mobile application for DSpace-based digital libraries is bringing the
most important users functionalities of these libraries into a mobile phone, enabling offline
reading, and bringing additional functionalities, according to the user needs and requirements.
Since android is the most popular smartphone among the person as defined in the previous
section, this mobile application is developed specifically for this type of devices. However,
considering that in 2011 the Android powered mobile phones had a 244% annual growth and
represented 48.8% of smartphone shipments3, developing an application for android powered
mobile phones seem to be a must. Therefore, an Android version of mDSpace should also be
developed in the ambit of this project. Thus, taking into consideration the created personas, a
set of functionalities was defined for the system.
Figure 3 Concept Map For mDSpace

5. Implementation of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp
Figure 3 shows a concept map for the proposed mobile application, according to the
requirements of the primary personas (red and green) as well as of the secondary personas
(blue and brown). Therefore, the system should allow users to:
• Search for resources in one DSpace
(federate search). This federate search on DSpace
accomplished using either DSpace REST API or Perl DEiXToBot scripts, on the server side.
• Download materials for offline reading. While reading offline, users should be able to
highlight texts and take notes. This functionality requires the mobile device to have a local
database of downloaded resources, including the corresponding metadata.
• Manage the reading list of downloaded materials, including rating, flagging and deleting.
• Send reading suggestions to other users as well as receiving automatic reading suggestions
provided by the back-end service, according to the user profile and the usag
available materials.
6. ROUTING
• Routing = building maps and giving directions
• Find path forward packet, forward packet, forward packet, forward packet...find alternate path
forward packet, forward packet, forward packet, forward
• Here it will give access to the only particular site that is DSpace of the campus site.
7. RESULTS
Implementation of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at
AMU Main Campus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 5 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 shows a concept map for the proposed mobile application, according to the
requirements of the primary personas (red and green) as well as of the secondary personas
(blue and brown). Therefore, the system should allow users to:
ces in one DSpace-based DL as well as in several libraries at the same time
(federate search). This federate search on DSpace-based digital libraries should be
accomplished using either DSpace REST API or Perl DEiXToBot scripts, on the server side.
load materials for offline reading. While reading offline, users should be able to
highlight texts and take notes. This functionality requires the mobile device to have a local
database of downloaded resources, including the corresponding metadata.
ge the reading list of downloaded materials, including rating, flagging and deleting.
Send reading suggestions to other users as well as receiving automatic reading suggestions
end service, according to the user profile and the usag
Routing = building maps and giving directions
Find path forward packet, forward packet, forward packet, forward packet...find alternate path
forward packet, forward packet, forward packet, forward packe repeat until powered off
Here it will give access to the only particular site that is DSpace of the campus site.
Figure 4 Routing
Figure 5 Before customization
Implementation of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at
editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 shows a concept map for the proposed mobile application, according to the
requirements of the primary personas (red and green) as well as of the secondary personas
based DL as well as in several libraries at the same time
based digital libraries should be
accomplished using either DSpace REST API or Perl DEiXToBot scripts, on the server side.
load materials for offline reading. While reading offline, users should be able to
highlight texts and take notes. This functionality requires the mobile device to have a local
database of downloaded resources, including the corresponding metadata.
ge the reading list of downloaded materials, including rating, flagging and deleting.
Send reading suggestions to other users as well as receiving automatic reading suggestions
end service, according to the user profile and the usage statistics of
Find path forward packet, forward packet, forward packet, forward packet...find alternate path
repeat until powered off
Here it will give access to the only particular site that is DSpace of the campus site.

6. Dr. Narayana Swamy R and Ato. Haile Mariam M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 6 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 6 The basic custom page
8. CONCLUSIONS
The Digital Library Management softwares (DLMS) present an easy to use, customizable
architecture to create online digital libraries. With these institutions/organizations can
disseminate their research work, manuscripts, or any other digital media for preservations and
world over dissemination of digital items. The software’s discussed above present different
services and architectures. It is difficult to propose one specific DLMS system as the most
suitable for all cases. The study can be used as a reference guide by any organization or
institute to decide which one will be ideal for creating and showcasing their digital collection.
The choice usually depends on type/format of material, distribution of material, software
platform and time frame etc for setting up a Digital Library. This paper has proposed a design
for an alternative mechanism of accessing DSpace-based digital libraries through mobile
devices, using both, mobile Web and native application. This mechanism should bring an
important contribution to bringing library materials to the developing countries, which face on
one hand, tremendous problems on accessing printed publications, and on the other, several
challenges on accessing the existing digital libraries. Given the low computer penetration
rates and high mobile phone penetration rates in these countries, accessing digital libraries
through mobile devices is a real alternative. Such access mechanism is also important for the
developed world, where there has been a strong trend towards using mobile devices for
accessing resources on the go. The next stages of this ongoing project include an evaluation
on the level of acceptance and usage of this alternative access mechanism, in developing
countries context. Thus, a better understanding should be achieved on the aspects that should
be taken into consideration when making a DL accessible on mobile devices, as well as how
they are perceived and accepted by users.
REFERENCES
[1] Ngimwa, P. 2006. An African experience in providing a digital library service: the African
Virtual University example. Paper presented at the 4th Pan Commonwealth Forum on
open learning.
[2] Witten, I. H. 2006. Digital libraries for the developing world. Interactions, 13, 4, 20-21.
[3] Rosa, I. B. and Lamas, D. 2007. Digital libraries for developing countries. Proceedings of
the IADIS International Conference on e-Society (Lisbon, Portugal, July 3-6, 2007), 502-
504.

7. Implementation of Digital Library System By Using Dspace & Android Apps at
AMU Main Campus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/index.asp 7 editor@iaeme.com
[4] Høivik, J. 2010. Mobile Digital Library in the National Library of Norway. Proceedings
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