Social Sciences

What is Social Sciences?
Social sciences concerns itself with the “humanistic” aspect of the world , but
it places its emphasis on the experimentation using scientific method. It
includes of sociology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, economics, etc.
Nature of social sciences :-
1. A unique combination of various disciplines.
2. A study of human relationships.
3. A study of man’s development through ages.
4. A realistic course of study.
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PSYCHOLOGY
 The simplest definition of psychology is that it is the study of the mind and behavior.
It seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior.
 It is basically the scientific study of how we think feel and behave individually and in
groups.
 Psychology is a science and psychologists study human behavior by observing,
measuring and testing, then arriving at conclusions that are rooted using scientific
methodology.
 For example we all want to know why some people become more aggressive in a
situation as compared to others. Why some people become addicts of substance and
alcohol abuse. This is where psychology comes into play.

Types of Psychology
1. Clinical Psychology
2. Counselling Psychology
3. Industrial/Organizational Psychology
4. Developmental Psychology
5. Sports Psychology
6. Health Psychology

Industrial Psychology
The industrial side of industrial and organizational
psychology generally focuses on the individual and his
relationship with the workplace. This might cover such
things as a job analysis, the employee safety, employee
training, the job performance measurement, and
employee hiring systems
Developmental Psychology
It is that field that studies the changes that occur in
human beings over the course of their life.
It basically is concerned with the infants,
adolescence, adult development and entire lifespan.

Role of Psychologists
Sports Psychology
 It is the discipline with the
integration of mental, emotional,
and physical skills leading to optimal
performance.
 It is commonly a science that utilises
strategies to enhance performance
especially in competitive sports
Health Psychology
 Health psychology is the field devoted to
understand the psychological influences
on why people become sick, how they
become sick and how they respond to this.
 They focus on health maintenance,
promotion, prevention, treatment of
illness.

Required Skill Set
 Communication Skills: A great psychologist has excellent written and oral
communication skills and can effectively communicate with diverse groups of
people.
 Compassion: A great psychologist is very compassionate and can empathize with a
patient's pain and other difficulties. They are able to put patients at ease and make
people feel comfortable.
 Emotional Stability: A great psychologist has solid emotional footing and is able to
handle the stress and emotional turmoil working with distressed individuals can
cause.
 Ethics: A great psychologist has a solid ethical code and keeps sessions with
patients confidential. They are also aware that their work can have significant
effects on people, and they keep this in mind when dealing with others.

Required Skill Set
 Interpersonal Skills: A great psychologist has good interpersonal skills and is able
to work well with varying groups of people, including colleagues and patients.
 Open-Mindedness: A great psychologist is open-minded and tolerant of all kinds
of people and situations. They are also open to new research and new ways of
thinking that might challenge their ideals.
 Patience: A great psychologist is very patient, both during long periods of research
and with individual patients. They understand that significant periods of time can
pass before substantial results can be seen.
 Trustworthiness: A great psychologist is very trustworthy and can inspire patients
to confide in them and trust them with their problem

What to Study?
 For B.A (Hons): You require 10+2 or an equivalent examination from a recognised
board.
 For Post graduate courses in Psychology: You require a Bachelors degree in
Psychology.
 For Ph. D/ M. Phil in Psychology: You require a Post Graduate Degree or Diploma
in psychology
Graduate courses Post Graduate Courses
B.A hons Psychology (general) Post graduate in clinical psychology
B.A hons Psychology (applied) Post graduate in counselling psychology
B.Sc in psychology Post graduate in organizational psychology
Post graduate in community psychology

Diploma Careers
 People who don’t want to pursue Mphil Or a PHD degree can pursue
various diplomas after their bachelors or masters degree which take
place for minimum 6months or a year.
 Diplomas in various colleges
 Jamia Milia Islamia (Delhi)
 Delhi university(Delhi)
 Tata institute of sciences (Mumbai)
 IGNOU( Delhi)

Top 10 Colleges
University
Name
Courses Offered Eligibility Criteria Examination
Delhi
University
BA HONS psychology
MA in psychology, Phd
Candidates should have passed 10+2 from
CBSE or any other examination equivalent to
it, with minimum 55% marks in English.
Merit basis Admission test
conducted by the university
in masters.
Banaras
Hindu
University
B.A Psychology, B.A Science
in psychology, M.A
Psychology.
Entrance exam for post
graduate course is
conducted by the university.
Madras
University
M.Sc Human Resource
Development Psychology,
M.Phil Psychology, Post
Graduate Diploma in Learning
Disabilities,
M.Sc- the student must have completed
his/her graduation.
M.Phil- Master’s Degree in psychology.
PG Diploma - A
PhD- Master’s degree in Psychology.
Entrance exam are
conducted for M.Sc, M.Phil
and Phd admissions.
Jamia Milia
Islamia
University
B.A(HONS) Psychology, M.A
applied psychology, Phd in
psychology
M.A- 1. B.A. (Hons.) Examination
in Psychology and Applied Psychology of
D.U & other Universities
Marks Requirements: 55% marks or above
2. B.A. (Pass)/B.A. Programme
Marks Requirements: 55% marks or above
in Psychology and 55% marks in aggregate
Entrance exam for M.A,
PhD admissions conducted
by the university.

Top 10 Colleges
University Name Courses Offered Eligibility Criteria Examination
Christ University B.A Psychology, M.Sc clinical
psychology, M.Sc Human Resource
Development Management
M.Sc- student must have completed B.A
with 55% aggegrate with psychology as,
one of the subject
N.A.
Presidency college,
Chennai
B.Sc Psychology
M.SC Psychology
Candidates should have passed 10+2 from
CBSE or any other examination equivalent
to it
student must have completed B.A with 55%
aggregate with psychology as one of the
subjects
N.A.
Aligarh Muslim
University
BA (H) Psychology
MA Psychology
BA - Candidates should have passed 10+2
from CBSE or any other examination
equivalent to it
MA - the student must have completed
his/her graduation.
Admission test
conducted by
the University
Amity Institute of
Psychology and Allied
Sciences, Noida
B.A.(Hons.)Applied Psychology
PG Diploma in Counselling Psychology
PG Diploma in Criminal psychology
M.A. Psychology Mphil
B.A. - 10+2 (min 50%)
PG Diploma - Graduation (min.50%)
M.A. - Graduation (min.50%)
M. Phil - M.A. Psychology/ M.Sc. Child
Development/ MSW (min 55%)
N.A.
University of Calcutta Post Doctoral/Ph.D./MA/M.Sc
Rehabilitation Psychology
School Counselling
N.A.

Job Prospects
They can work in
 Universities and colleges
 Primary and secondary schools
 Government Agencies
 Private Industry
 Hospitals and clinics
 Social Welfare Organisations
 Research Establishments
 Rehabilitation Centres
 Child/ Youth Guidance Centre

Remuneration
Category Experience Salary INR
Psychiatrists 1-4 years Rs 220,598 – Rs 1,174,457
5-9 years 360,000 – Rs 840,000
Counseling Less than a year Rs 270,000
1-4 years Rs 145,628
5-9 years Rs 300,000
Clinical Psychologists Less than a year Rs 70,750 – Rs 183,126
1-4 years Rs 61,277 – Rs 993,293
5-9 years Rs 72,985 – Rs 2,624,319

Salary By Industry
Category Industries Salary INR
Psychiatrists Psychiatric hospitals Rs.183,295 – Rs. 1,260,669
Psychiatric Services Rs.174,335 – Rs.1,270,738
Medical Rs.181,564 – Rs.1,179,500
Education Rs.185,081 – Rs.1,156,928
Hospitals Rs.83,295 – Rs. 1,260,669
Clinical Psychologists Counseling Rs. 77,516 – Rs. 403,016
Psychiatric Services Rs.88,912 – Rs.747,604
Health care Rs.91,078 – Rs.717,804
Clinical Psychology Rs.91,895 – Rs.737,742
Hospital Rs.90,244 – Rs.681,483

Pros & Cons of being a
Psychologist
PROS
 For starters, you'll acquire a deep knowledge of human nature. Why people act in a certain way,
what do they mean acting like this, what are their real thoughts and intentions. Understanding
the nature of people's behaviour is vital everywhere, no matter what professional field you
choose!
 Those who work in the industrial-organizational sector can make good money. The highest
salary have psychologists in private sector. Yep, it's quite costly to visit a psychologist!
CONS
 Psychologists have highly challenging tasks! They often have to work under stress and great
pressure. And not always they can see the results of their work!
 One more con is a long educational way. You have to study quite a lot to practice independently
as a psychologist! To get a license you must pursue Ph.D. in psychology.

What is Sociology?
 It is the study of people in relation to their fellow
human beings, it deals with topics like culture,
religion , politics, power and conflict.
 It tries to study the behaviour of people at a group
level rather than an a individual level.

Personality Type Needed
 Tough and Competitive
It is a rewarding profession, but it can also be an incredibly stressful one. In order to remain engaged and
effective at work, it’s imperative to take advantage of your personal time by focusing on and tending to
your own needs.
 Cooperative
Just as often as gentle persuasion might solve a problem, active cooperation can provide an alternative
(and sometimes more efficient) route to a mutually satisfying solution. Being able to negotiate,
compromise and work well with others is essential to the coordination of efforts required in social work.
 Organised
They are often required to deal with busy schedules, heavy caseloads and gratuitous paperwork.
Successfully managing and prioritizing the logistical aspects of the job can help you maximize the amount
of time you’ll have on your schedule to provide meaningful services to your clients.
 Good Listener
The ability to listen carefully, ask pertinent questions and retain verbally transmitted information is vital to
the counselling aspect. It’s how we establish trust, open doors and discover valuable details about the
individuals who seek our help in understanding their unique circumstances.

Skills Required In This Field
 You must be someone who is comfortable in reading extensively
about societies around the world and must display a sense of
empathy and curiosity towards them.
 You must be a critical-thinker with the ability to conduct research
effectively.
 You must also have a flair in writing and public speaking for
effectively communicating your research findings with interested
groups.

Job Prospects
 Community development worker
 International aid/development worker
 Social researcher
 Social worker
 Youth worker
 Universities and colleges
 Primary and Secondary schools

How to get into this field?
Name of colleges
 University of Delhi, Delhi - merit basis
 Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi - (examination conducted by the university)
 University of Calcutta, Kolkata - (examination conducted by the university)
 Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi - (examination conducted by the university)
 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
 Jadavpur University, Kolkata - (examination conducted by the university)

Job Roles And Remuneration
JOB ROLES
 Design research projects to test theories about social issues
 Collect data through surveys, observations, interviews, and other sources
 Analyze and draw conclusions from data.
 Prepare reports, articles, or presentations detailing their research findings.
 Collaborate with other sociologists or social scientists
 Consult with and advise clients, policymakers, or other groups on research findings and
sociological issue
REMUNERATION
 Sociologists, depending on the level of qualification in education, are paid keeping in mind
the location and kind of job.
 The salary of a sociologist can be from Rs 6,000 to Rs 10,000 for beginners and will
increase with experience and knowledge.
 Those employed under government sector earn in a range of Rs. 8,000 to Rs.10,000 per
month.
 Higher salaries can be expected from corporate houses.

What Is Social Work?
 Organized work directed toward the betterment of social conditions in the
community
 Seeking to improve the condition of the poor, children i.e the welfare of the
society.
 Aims to help people develop their skills and their ability to use their own
resources and those of the community to resolve problems.
 Social work is concerned with individual and personal problems but also with
broader social issues such as poverty, domestic violence, dowry etc.

Role Of Social Workers
 Social workers provide services as members of a multidisciplinary team or on a
one-to-one basis with the client.
 In general and psychiatric hospitals, social workers are members of the treatment
team. They provide a link between the team and the family as well as with
community resources.
 People who are disadvantaged, they strive to alleviate poverty and to liberate
vulnerable and oppressed people in order to promote social inclusion.
 Counselling (psychotherapy), human services management, social welfare policy
analysis, community organizing, international, social and community
development, advocacy, teaching (in schools of social work), and social research.

Professional Skills
 Helping nature
 You must enjoy interacting with people from various streams of society
 Good communication skills - talk, talk and talk
 Leadership ability
 Ability to adapt to difficult conditions in life
 Extrovert nature
 Dynamic, suave, tactful and diplomatic
 Ability to persuade, and convince people
 Tolerance
 Ability to sympathize and empathize with people

Top Most Colleges
College name Place
Tata institute of sciences Mumbai
Delhi School of Social Work Delhi
College of Social Work, Nirmala Niketan Mumbai
Xavier Institute of Labour Relations Mumbai
Department of social work, Pune university Pune
Dept of Social Work, Jamia Millia Islamia Delhi
School of Social Work, Mangalore University Mangalore
Madras school of work Chennai
Department of social work , Christ college Bangalore
Dept of Social Work, Lucknow University Lucknow

Job Prospects
 Project manager – they are responsible for the planning, management, coordination
and financial control of a project.
 CSR executive – they are interested in helping organizations ensure their practices,
processes, products and procedures are ethical, sustainable and environmentally
friendly.
 Fund raiser – they organize events and campaigns to raise money and other donations
for an organization. They may design promotional materials and increase awareness of
an organization’s work, goals, and financial needs.
 Community mobilizer - arranging needed financial and human resources. Engaging
and prompting people to do things themselves, helping people to plan, take action,
and evaluate the effort.
 Training coordinator – they manage, design, develop, coordinate and conduct large or
small scale training programs for the effectiveness of the organisation.

Remuneration
 The average pay for a Social Worker is Rs 221,202 per year.
 Experience strongly influences salary for this job.
 Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10
years in this career.

Pros & Cons of being a Social
Worker
PROS
 This work is good for those who have a desire to make a positive impact in other
people’s lives.
 If you are interested in social sciences or disciplines such as family studies this
would be a good career.
 This occupation is experiencing excellent job growth, so future prospects should
be very good.
CONS
 You will to need to deal with people who may be under duress. This requires a
nurturing demeanor.
 As many of these jobs are in the public sector, it is possible that one may be paid
quite low for the educational requirements that are needed.
 This type of work usually requires conflict resolution, so the work is probably for
those who don’t get angry or emotional easily.

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