GEOTHERMAL PRESENTATION

2. •GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS HEAT THAT IS GENERATED WITHIN THE
EARTH. (GEO MEANS “EARTH,” AND THERMAL MEANS “HEAT” IN
GREEK.) IT IS A RENEWABLE RESOURCE THAT CAN BE
HARVESTED FOR HUMAN USE. ABOUT 2,900 KILOMETERS (1,800
MILES) BELOW THE EARTH’S CRUST, OR SURFACE, IS THE
HOTTEST PART OF OUR PLANET: THE CORE. A SMALL PORTION OF
THE CORE’S HEAT COMES FROM THE FRICTION AND
GRAVITATIONAL PULL FORMED

3. WHEN EARTH WAS CREATED MORE THAN 4 BILLION YEARS AGO. HOWEVER, THE
VAST MAJORITY OF EARTH’S HEAT IS CONSTANTLY GENERATED BY THE DECAY OF
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES, SUCH AS POTASSIUM-40 AND THORIUM-232.
•RADIOACTIVE DECAY IS A CONTINUAL PROCESS IN THE CORE. TEMPERATURES THERE
RISE TO MORE THAN 5,000° CELSIUS (ABOUT 9,000° FAHRENHEIT). HEAT FROM THE CORE
IS CONSTANTLY RADIATING OUTWARD AND WARMING ROCKS, WATER, GAS, AND OTHER
GEOLOGICAL MATERIAL.
•EARTH’S TEMPERATURE RISES WITH DEPTH FROM THE SURFACE TO THE CORE. THIS
GRADUAL CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE IS KNOWN AS THE GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT.

4. •MAGMA HEATS NEARBY ROCKS AND UNDERGROUND
AQUIFERS. HOT WATER CAN BE RELEASED
THROUGH GEYSERS, HOT SPRINGS, STEAM VENTS,
UNDERWATER HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, AND MUD
POTS.
•THESE ARE ALL SOURCES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.
THEIR HEAT CAN BE CAPTURED AND USED
DIRECTLY FOR HEAT, OR THEIR STEAM CAN BE USED
TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
CAN BE USED TO HEAT STRUCTURES SUCH AS
BUILDINGS, PARKING LOTS, AND SIDEWALKS.

5. •PEOPLE CAN CAPTURE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY THROUGH:
•GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS, WHICH USE HEAT FROM DEEP INSIDE
THE EARTH TO GENERATE STEAM TO MAKE ELECTRICITY.
•GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS, WHICH TAP INTO HEAT CLOSE TO THE
EARTH'S SURFACE TO HEAT WATER OR PROVIDE HEAT FOR
BUILDINGS.
Geothermal Power Plants
At a geothermal power plant, wells are drilled 1or 2 miles deep
into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface. You're
most likely to find one of these power plants in an area that has
a lot of hot springs, geysers, or volcanic activity, because these
are places where the Earth is particularly hot just below the
surface

6. •GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
NOT ALL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY COMES FROM POWER PLANTS.
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS CAN DO ALL SORTS OF THINGS-FROM
HEATING AND COOLING HOMES TO WARMING SWIMMING POOLS.
THESE SYSTEMS TRANSFER HEAT BY PUMPING WATER OR A
REFRIGERANT (A SPECIAL TYPE OF FLUID) THROUGH PIPES JUST
BELOW THE EARTH'S SURFACE, WHERE THE TEMPERATURE IS A
CONSTANT 50 TO 60°F.DURING THE WINTER, THE WATER OR
REFRIGERANT ABSORBS WARMTH FROM THE EARTH, AND THE
PUMP BRINGS THIS HEAT TO THE BUILDING ABOVE. IN THE
SUMMER, SOME HEAT PUMPS CAN RUN IN REVERSE AND HELP
COOL BUILDINGS.

7. MAIN COMPONENTS OF GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT
• 1. HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES: IT IS A SOURCE WHICH HAS BOTH HEAT AND
WATER. IN THE EARTH CRUST WE HAVE BOTH WATER AND HEAT (MAGMA).
• 2. DRY OR HOT WATER WELLS: THESE ARE THE WELLS THROUGH WHICH THE
DRY STEAM AND HOT WATER FROM THE EARTH IS TAKEN OUT. IF DRY STEAM IS
TAKEN OUT THAN IT IS CALLED AS DRY STEAM WELL AND IF HOT WATER IS
TAKEN OUT THROUGH IT THAN IT IS CALLED AS HOT WATER WELL.
• 3. STEAM SEPARATOR: IT IS A SEPARATING DEVICE WHICH IS USED TO SEPARATE
STEAM FROM HOT WATER.
• 4. TURBINE: IT IS A ROTATING DEVICE THAT CONVERTS THE KINETIC ENERGY OF
THE FAST-MOVING STEAM INTO ROTATIONAL ENERGY (I.E. MECHANICAL
ENERGY).

8. •5. GENERATOR:
IT IS COUPLED TO THE TURBINE SHAFT AND CONVERTS
MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE TURBINE INTO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY.
•6. STEAM CONDENSER:
IT CONDENSES THE EXHAUST STEAM FROM THE TURBINE AND
CHANGES IT TO WATER.
•7. INJECTION WELL:
IT IS THE WELL THAT IS DRILLED IN THE EARTH TO INJECT THE
CONDENSED WATER AGAIN INTO THE EARTH’S CRUST.

9. HOW IT AFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
•THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
DEPEND ON HOW GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS USED OR HOW IT
IS CONVERTED TO USEFUL ENERGY. DIRECT USE
APPLICATIONS AND GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS HAVE
ALMOST NO NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT. IN
FACT, THEY CAN HAVE A POSITIVE EFFECT BY REDUCING THE
USE OF ENERGY SOURCES THAT MAY HAVE NEGATIVE
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT.

11. EXAMPLES
•1. GEOTHERMAL HEATED HOMES
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FINDS ITS PRIME APPLICATION IN HEATING
HOMES. AN IDEAL GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP IS CONNECTED TO A
LARGE SYSTEM OF COILS THAT EXTRACTS THE HEAT FROM THE
GROUND. THIS HEAT IS THEN CIRCULATED INSIDE THE HOME WITH
THE HELP OF TRADITIONAL DUCTS. THIS SYSTEM IS ESTABLISHED
IN SUCH A WAY THAT THIS PROCESS CAN BE MODIFIED ACCORDING
TO THE SEASONS. DURING SUMMERS, THIS LARGE SYSTEM OF COILS
IS FILLED WITH WATER AND AN ANTIFREEZE SOLUTION. THE HEAT
PRESENT INSIDE A HOUSE IS TRANSFERRED TO THE EARTH,
THEREBY COOLING DOWN THE ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE HOUSE.

12. •2. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
THERMAL ENERGY PRESENT BENEATH THE EARTH’S SURFACE CAN BE
USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. GEOTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS MAKE
USE OF STEAM FROM THE EARTH TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
THIS STEAM IS USED TO ROTATE THE TURBINES AT A HIGH SPEED. SETTING
THESE TURBINES IN MOTION, I.E. AFTER CAUSING THE TURBINES TO
DEVELOP MECHANICAL ENERGY, THE MECHANICAL ENERGY IS FED TO
THE ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM. THE ELECTRICITY GENERATING
SYSTEM MAINLY COMPRISES A GENERATOR, WHICH CONVERTS
MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY WITH THE HELP OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. THIS PROCESS IS VERY RELIABLE AND
ECO-FRIENDLY AS IT DOES NOT RELEASE ANY TOXIC OR CARBON-RICH
GASES INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. ALSO, IT DOES NOT LEAVE ANY RESIDUE
BEHIND. THEREFORE, THERE EXISTS NO LAND POLLUTION, WHICH
FURTHER AVOIDS WASTE MANAGEMENT. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS
ADVANTAGEOUS AS IT PROVIDES CONSISTENCY, STABILITY, AND
RENEWABILITY.

13. •3. HOT SPRINGS
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF NATURAL HOT SPRINGS PRESENT
ON THE EARTH. HOT SPRINGS ARE FORMED WHEN THE WATER
PRESENT UNDERGROUND COMES IN CONTACT WITH A HOT
ROCK. THE WATER GETS HEATED UP AND GEOLOGICAL HEAT
EMERGES OUT. THESE SPRINGS SERVE TO BE PLACES OF
GREAT INTEREST TO THE TOURISTS. THEREFORE,
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CAN BE USED TO GENERATE
ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND TO GENERATE EMPLOYMENT FOR
THE YOUTH. HOT SPRINGS ARE ONE OF THE MOST EASILY
ACCESSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.
PEOPLE OFTEN TAKE A BATH IN HOT SPRINGS AS
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES. THE ONLY INCONVENIENCE IS
THE PUNGENT SMELL OF SULFUR PRESENT IN OR NEAR AN
OPEN HOT SPRING.

14. •4. GREEN HOUSES
IF A LAKE IS PRESENT NEAR A GREENHOUSE, IT IS OF MOST
IMPORTANT USE. A HEATING COIL NETWORK IS ESTABLISHED
UNDER THE LAKE, AND THE WATER IS ADDED WITH THE ANTI-
FREEZING SOLUTION. THE STEAM OR THE GAS GENERATED
DUE TO THIS INTERNAL HEAT IS THEN FED TO THE
GREENHOUSES. THIS HEAT PRODUCED BY THE EARTH IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF TEMPERATURE
INSIDE THE GREENHOUSE. THE MAIN REQUIREMENTS OF A
GREENHOUSE ARE PROPER HEAT AND TEMPERATURE, BOTH
OF WHICH ARE EASILY SUPPLIED BY EMPLOYING
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.

16. HEAT PUMPS

17. ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

18. •ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN BOTH CASES,
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
DEVICES ARE CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK AND
SMART METER DEVICES MONITOR THE AMOUNTS OF
ELECTRICAL ENERGY THE PROSUMERS PRODUCE
AND CONSUME WHILE CROSS-CHECKING FOR THE
BEHAVIOR OF OTHER PROSUMERS OPERATING
WITHIN THE SAME GRID(ZHOU ET AL., 2016).

19. DIRECT USES

20. EXAMPLES OF DIRECT USES
•BALNEOLOGY
•AGRICULTURE
•AQUACULTURE
•SPACE HEATING
•SPACE COOLING

21. NOW LET’S MOVE TO APPLICATION
OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE
AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY.

22. IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS OF
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.
• SPACE HEATING AND COOLING

24. • OVERVIEW. SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING TECHNOLOGIES COLLECT
THE THERMAL ENERGY
FROM THE SUN AND USE THIS HEAT TO PROVIDE HOT WATER, SPACE
HEATING, COOLING
AND POOL HEATING FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS. THESE
TECHNOLOGIES DISPLACE THE NEED TO USE ELECTRICITY OR NATURAL
GAS.

25. •INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT. INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
HEAT IS DEFINED AS THERMAL ENERGY USED
DIRECTLY IN THE PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF
MATERIALS USED TO PRODUCE MANUFACTURED
GOODS. IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, THE
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 30 TO 65
PERCENT OF TOTAL NATIONAL ENERGY
CONSUMPTION.

27. PROS: BELOW ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ITS VARIOUS
APPLICATIONS.
• ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY THAN CONVENTIONAL FUEL SOURCE SUCH AS
FOSSIL FUELS.
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS RENEWABLE, THEY CAN LAST DECADES.
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS WIDELY USED.
• IT IS SUSTAINABLE, STABLE AND A RELIABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY.
• THE ENERGY CAN BE USED FOR HEATING AND COOLING IN DIRECT USAGE.
• NO FUEL IS REQUIRED.
• THE ENERGY GENERATION PROCESS HAS BEEN IMPROVED BY NEW
TECHNOLOGIES, MAKING IT A RAPID EVOLUTION.
• ITS POWER OUTPUT IS EASY TO PREDICT.

28. • LOCATION IS RESTRICTED, THAT IS, GEOTHERMAL PLANTS MUST BE
BUILT IN PLACES WHERE ENERGY IS ACCESSIBLE.
• ENVIRONMENTAL SIDE EFFECTS DUE TO THE DIGGING AS SOME GASES
STORED UNDER THE EARTH ARE RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
• GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CAN TRIGGER EARTHQUAKES DUE TO THE
ALTERATION IN THE EARTH'S STRUCTURE AS A RESULT OF DIGGING.
• HIGH MANUFACTURING COST OF GEOTHERMAL PLANTS. HIGH
SUSTAINABILITY OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FLUID IS REQUIRED TO BE
PUMPED BACK INTO THE UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS FASTER.
CONS: DESPITE THE GOOD PROS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY,
SOME LIMITATIONS STILL OCCUR. BELOW ARE THE CONS OF
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN ITS VARIOUS APPLICATIONS

30. QUIZ
1. THIS IS HEAT THAT IS GENERATED WITHIN THE EARTH?
a. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
b. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
c. TURBINE
2. IT IS COUPLED TO THE TURBINE SHAFT AND CONVERTS MECHANICAL
ENERGY OF THE TURBINE INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
a. STEAM
b. INJECTION WELL
c. GENERATOR

31. • 3. IT IS ROTATING DEVICE THAT CONVERTS THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE FAST MOVING
STEAM INTO ROTATIONAL ENERGY.
a. TURBINE
b. INJECTION WELL
c. STEAM SEPARATOR
4. IT IS A SEPARATING DEVICE WHICH IS USED TO SEPARATE STEAM FROM HOT WATER.
a. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
b. GENERATOR
c. STEAM SEPARATOR
5. IT IS THE WELL THAT IS DRILLED IN THE EARTH TO INJECT THE CONDENSED WATER
AGAIN INTO THE EARTH CRUST.
a. INJECTION WELL
b. TURBINE
c. RADIO ACTIVE DECAY

32. •6-7 GIVE 2 EXAMPLE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
8. IT MEANS HEAT IN GREEK
a.GEO
b.THERMAL
c. TURBINE
9. IT MEANS EARTH IN GREEK
a.STEAM
b.THERMAL
c. GEO
10. GIVE 1 (ONE) ADVANTAGE OF GEOTHERMAL

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