Biostratigraphy

1. Hema Srivastava
JRF/2013DR0109/AGL/ISM
Supervisors
Dr. A. K. BHAUMIK & Prof. S. Mohanty
Department of Applied Geology
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

2. Foraminifera
Foraminifera are eukaryotic unicellular organisms with the
general characteristics of protista.
Kingdom:- Protista
Subkingdom:- Protozoa
Phylum:- Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum:- Sarcodina
Superclass:- Rhizopoda
Class:- Granuloreticulosea
Order:- Foraminiferida
Till date approximately 5000 species of
benthic and about 100 species of planktic
foraminifera were identified.
(Armstrong and Brasier, 2004)

3. Objectives:
 Paleodepositional conditions of the basin.
 Biostratigraphic study of the basin.
 Hydrocarbon potentiality of the marine sediments.
 Time of breakup of continents and formation of the
rift basin along with mechanism of breakup of
continents.

4. Geological Map of Kutch and locations of the studied
sites in western part of Kutch district, Gujarat, India

5. Locations
 Jhumara Dome (44 samples): Jurassic
 Habo Dome (21 samples): Jurassic
 Dhonsa (9 Samples) – Cretaceous
 Bhaukha (4 Samples) - Cretaceous
 Viri (26 samples): Cretaceous – Palaeocene
 Kotla Chakar (5 samples) : Cretaceous – Palaeocene
 Mata-No-Madh (4 Samples) - Cretaceous – Palaeocene
 Core from Mata-No-Madh (94 samples) – Paleocene-Miocene
 Naredi (5Samples) – Lower Eocene
 Near Naliya (5 Samples) - Eocene
 Lakhpat (10 Samples) – Eocene
 Rakhdi (10 samples) – Eocene
 Khari river (4 Samples) – Miocene

6. Materials and Methodology:
Sample soaking
Sample washing
Microscopic observation of washed sample
> 63 µm
>125 µm

7.  The Viri village and its adjacent areas in Bhuj District
have outcrops of seven (VII) phases of lava
flows(Ghevariya, 1988; Courtillot et al., 2000)

8. Results and Discussion
Viri Intertrappeans
 Total 26 samples were microscopically analyzed to document foraminiferal
abundance
 Among of these, only 13 samples from location numbers L-3, L-4 and L-5
are productive in terms of foraminiferal abundance
 The most abundant genera are Ammonia (A. beccarii, A. tepida, Ammonia
sp.), Elphidium (E. advena, E. incertuam, E. okhotica, Elphidium sp.),
Nonion (N. asterizans, N. costiferum, N. depressulum, N. havensis, N.
transversum, Nonion sp.) and Quinqueloculina (Q. lamarckiana, Q.
seminulum, Q. venusta) along with species Pseudogloborotalia ranikotensis

9. Location map of sampling sites near Viri
village, Anjar.

10. Schematic representation of sampling
sections at L-3, L-4 and L-5 in which
foraminifera are documented

11. Composite plot of foraminiferal abundance
in L-3 to L-5

12. Black shale study
 So far 8, 4, 3 and 18 black shale samples were used for
Rock-Eval Pyrolysis analysis from Dhonsa, Baukha,
NNSR and core respectively
 The pyrolysis of all the 33 samples were done in Rock-
Eval 6 (Turbo Version) hosted in NGRI, Hyderabad
 A small part of 12 selected samples from all the locations
were used for SEM study.

13. • SEM study of 12 selected samples show dominance of clay mineral
chlorite in all the studied area. However, presence of smectite from
NNSR and halloysite from Baukha is also recorded along with
chlorite. Black Shale samples from NNSR and core are also contain
numerous well-developed pyrite crystal

14.  SEM study of 12 selected samples show dominance of
clay mineral chlorite in all the studied area. However,
presence of smectite from NNSR and halloysite from
Baukha is also recorded along with chlorite
 Black Shale samples from NNSR and core are also
contain numerous well-developed pyrite crystal
 Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis were done on all samples
collected from each location to understand TOC
concentration, hydrocarbon generation potentiality and
thermal maturity of these black shales

16. Jumara Dome
 Total 44 samples collected from the 6 locations of Jumara
Dome were microscopically analyzed to document for
foraminiferal abundance
 Among All the samples of Jumara location 5 is barren in
terms of foraminiferal abundance.
 The most abundant genera are Robulus( R. gibbus, R.
reniformis, R. limbosus), Nonionella(N. tumida, N.
labradorica), Saracenaria(S. latifrons, S. altifrons) along
with species Verneuilinoides tryphera, Nonion scaphum,
Spirillina polygyrata, Awhea sirata, Howehinia bradyana,
Dentalina subemaciate.

17. Habo Dome
 Total 21 samples collected from the 4 locations of Habo Dome
were microscopically analyzed to document for foraminiferal
abundance.
Lakhpat
 Total 10 samples were collected from the 3 locations of
Lakhapat were microscopically analyzed to document for
foraminiferal abundance
 The most abundant species Pyrgo vespertilio, Cibicides
(C. refulgence,C. lobatulus, C. walli), Nonionella tumida,
Robulus gibbus, Triloculina bhallai, Discorbinella
montyreyensis, Quinqueloculina oblonga, Globigerinata
glutinata, Globigerinoides seigliei, Neogloboquadrina
dutertrei, Pseudogloborotalia ranikotensis,
Globigerinoides sp.

18. Rakhdi
 Total 10 samples were collected from one location of fulra
limestone bed. These samples were analyzed to document
for foraminiferal abundance.
 The most abundant foraminiferal assemblages are
Nonionella turgida, Nonion scaphum, Rectoglandulina
torida, Cibicides refulgence, Cibicides lobatulus,
Opperculina gaimardi, Opperculina complanata,
Epistominella smithi, Vulvulineria rugosa, Globigerinata
glutinata, Globigerina bulloides and some are identified
upto genes level Globigerinoides sp., Globigerinella sp.,
and Globigerina sp.

19. Core from Mata-no-Madh Lignite Mine
 The 94 samples were taken from the Mata-No-Madh Lignite
Mine for foraminiferal abundance and geochemical analysis.
 The most abundant species are Ammonia tepida, Ammonia sp,
Astrononion umbilicatulum, Bolivina striatula, Cibicides
proprius, Cibicides sp, Halkyardia minima, Flintina bradyana,
Globulina gibba, Melonis barleenum, Nonion turgida,
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis, Nonion asterizens, Nonion sp,
Orbulinoides beckmanni, Quinqueloculina caltrata,
Rectoglandulina torrida, Robulus sp, Triloculina bhallai,
Uvigeri sp., Vulvulerina rugosa.

20. Composite graph showing abundance of benthic species with
depth

21.  Other locations like Kotla chakar, Naredi and Khari river
samples were microscopically analyzed to document for
foraminiferal abundance
 All the samples are barren in terms of foraminiferal
abundance

25. Work yet to be done
 XRF analysis of 26 samples
 Isotope analysis of 14 samples of limestone
 Foraminiferal isotopic analysis of 70 samples
 Foraminiferal study from 30 samples
 Nannoplankton study of 50 samples

26. Papers already communicated
Srivastava, H., Bhaumik, A. K., and Mohanty, S.,
Deposition of intertrappeans of the Anjar area in a
marine environment: Foraminiferal evidence.
Submitted in current science.
Ajoy K. Bhaumik1*, Hema Srivastava1, Devleena Tiwari2,
S. Mohanty1, M. A. Dayal3 and Amit K. Keshav1.,
Hydrocarbon generation potentiality of carbonaceous
shales in three locations of Kutch district, Gujarat.
Under process.

27. THANK YOU