Lady Bugs: Benefits and Cannibalism

Lady Bugs Research Paper
The ladybug is probably one of the most widely known insects throughout the United States. But did
you know ladybugs practice cannibalism? Lady bugs seem basic but they are actually very
interesting. There are 5000 different types of ladybugs. Lady bugs are one of the most beneficial
insects. In this essay there are some new things you might learn about lady bugs.
Lady bugs, or as known in the scientific world, coccinellidae, can range from about 2 to 10 mm in
size, depending on species. Their lifespan is about 2–3 years, also depending on species. The bright
red/ orange coloration of lady bugs are one of the most distinctive characteristics of this bug. This
coloration signals to its predators that the bug is poisonous. Which it is. Ladybugs blood has a
chemical that causes its predator to have a foul taste while digesting. Also, while the ladybug is
feeling threatened by a predator it releases blood from its knees. A lady bugs habitat can vary from
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The predators of a ladybug can range from birds to fellow insects to sometimes even young, clueless
children. Insects such as dragonflies, assassin bugs, wasps or ants can consume ladybugs. Other
predators include tree frogs, anoles, parasites, fungi and mites. All of these predators can eat
ladybugs, but often they will eat them very few times because, when eaten, they leave a terrible
taste. This is one way that the ladybug defends himself. While ladybugs have a variety of predators
they also have a list of prey they like to snack on. Ladybugs are can be known as a gardners best
friend because their diet can consist of small plant killers like whiteflies, mites, cabbage moths and
mealybugs, which by themselves can be harmless but in large numbers can destroy a garden. That's
why a ladybug can be considered not only beneficial but essential to have a thriving garden. While
ladybugs can eat garden pests they can be considered omnivorous and eat plants and leaves as
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Mealworm Research Paper
The mealworm is a the larval form of the mealworm beetle. The four stages of insect life start when
the mealworm egg is laid in the soil anywhere from a couple of days to a couple of months. After it
hatches it sheds its exoskeleton, causing them to be a light brown color. The mealworms favorite
meal are grains, like oatmeal and cornmeal. Once they have eaten enough, usually a week or two
later, they develop their hard outer shell. Mealworms are attracted to moist and dark places, like
household food items. Food items like oatmeal and grains are where they can be found. When the
mealworms do not live in civilization, they like to eat fungus, seeds, and plants. They also can live
their whole lives without any water, they mainly get their water ... Show more content on
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Birds enjoy eating the lighter colored mealworms. Because they are cheap and easy to reproduce,
mealworms are a perfect way to feed animals or yourself. The mealworms stay in the egg phase of
life for one to two weeks. Then they stay in the larva stage for one to three months, which is perfect
for feedings. They stay in the pupa stage for ten to twenty days. After the pupa stage, they are adults
and are ready to produce. It is simply, fast, and cheap to raise mealworms. Mealworms are often
used in science, especially in labs or experiments. Some experiments they are involved in are light
versus dark, diet tests, and life cycles. Examining the mealworms life style shows the four stages of
life in a manageable amount of time. Overall, mealworms are valuable in every sense of the way.
They can be used in science, as protein, meal replace, and also as a pest. Another bug used in
science is the roly poly bug. Roly poly bugs are interesting bugs because of their body has its own
set of amor. Whenever the bug suspects prey, it uses its armor to roll into a ball. The armor appears
like a dark and in layers, this allows the perfect ball shape when it tries to protect itself. Roly poly
bugs have a dark brown/ grayish color about them. The darker color of their shell helps protect them
from becoming

Plants And Insects Have A Long History Together
Plants and Insects There is no doubt that plants and insects have a long history together. It is an on–
going relationship that can be beneficial or detrimental to both parties, depending on the situation.
Insects pollinate plants, in return the plants provide food for insects. But the relationship between
the two isn't always so beneficial. Some insects can kill plants by taking away the essential nutrients
away from the plant. There are also insects that are predators. The predator insects help the plants by
getting rid of the insects that are killing the plant. There are some plants that have a natural pesticide
in their chemical make–up and can ward off unwanted bugs. There are other contributing factors to
how much of an impact plants and insect have on each other. For example, there may be a plant in or
near your garden that attracts insects that are harmful and once that insect is there, it will potentially
migrate around to other plants in your garden. When an insect lands on a plant it picks up pollen,
then the insect transfers it to another plant. This process is called pollination and is very important in
the botanical world. Pollination allows plants to fertilize and reproduce. Some insects use the nectar
and pollen of a plant as food. In this situation both plant and insects benefit. Yet, this isn't always the
case. Generally one or the other gets the greater advantage. The biggest issue when it comes to
plants and insects are the insects that

Essay about The History of Volkswagen
The History of Volkswagen
In 1937, the German government founded Volkswagen to mass produce a low priced "peoples car."
A Nazi organization called the German Labor Front operated the company originally. They brought
in Ferdinand Porsche to design the car. He used elements from his type 32 prototype NSU that he
designed in 1934. Such elements were an air cooled horizontally opposed four cylinder rear
mounted engine and torsion bar suspension. Production was supposed to start at the Kdf–Stadt
factory in September 1939, but this turned out to be the same month that world war two was
declared and the car was put off. As the war raged on, the factory was used to produce military
vehicles. By 1943 the factory had 12,000 prisoners of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While domestic cars grew fins and got larger and larger, the beetle was also improved, but you
would not know it by looking at it. In 1953 the beetle had its first major physical change when the
famous split rear window was replaced by an oval window which increased view by twenty five
percent. This was the first big change in twenty years. However, this window was replaced in 1958
by an even larger one. These were not the only changes. In 1955 the wing like turn signals were
replaced with lights on the top of the front fenders. In the same year the designers also gave the bug
a new dashboard. In 1966 safety became an issue, and Volkswagen installed a safety steering
column and dual circuit brakes.
Volkswagen's success reached its peak in the US in 1970 when total sales reached 569,696, which
blew away all the other imports. However, by 1975 the sales of the beetle dropped to 90,000, and by
1977 it had dropped another 70,000 to 20,000 which brought the end of the beetle in the US in 1979
with the convertible model. The slump of sales in the seventies was temporary because Volkswagen
released the Dasher

Mealworm Research Paper
The Effect of Surfaces on Mealworm Locomotion
Aim: To determine the effect that a surface has on the speed and difficulty of mealworm travel.
Introduction:
The mealworm is the larva of the mealworm beetle which is a specie of darkling beetle
(Animals.mom.me, 2016). The darkling beetle has a metamorphic life cycle that begins with an egg
hatching into a small mealworm over a four week period (Sandhyarani, 2016). The second life stage
of a darkling beetle is the larva stage where the egg will hatch into a small brown mealworm that
eats and grows for about eight to ten weeks till its next stage as a darkling beetle pupa (Sandhyarani,
2016). The larva stage of a darkling beetle is the stage in which the mealworms will be investigated.
The mealworm will then enter the pupa stage during one of its shell sheds causing the mealworm to
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The adult darkling beetle lives from one to three months (Mealwormcare.org, 2016). The mealworm
has a hard body that is designed to burrow, eat, and store fat (Ipm.iastate.edu, 2016). There are three
significant body sections which are the thorax, head, and abdomen (Animals.mom.me, 2016). The
head of the mealworm has a mouth antennae and eyes. The eyes are under developed due to its
burrowing habits (Wikipedia, 2016). The thorax contains three sections that has two short legs with
claws on the end. The mealworm has poor walking abilities but is equipped with claws that allow
swift burrowing, (Enchantedlearning.com, 2016).The abdomen has nine segments held together by a
spine. The abdomen holds a majority of fat that is stored for the mealworms transformation to an
adult (Wikipedia, 2016). The mealworms

A Major Measure Of Biological Fitness
A major measure of biological fitness in a population is the fecundity, or reproductive success rate,
of female organisms (Berger et al, 2008). For insects in particular many factors influence the
number of eggs produced during the lifetime of a female. One key factor in insect reproduction is
the ambient environmental temperature. Insects are ectothermic and therefore rely on their
environment to provide the heat needed to carry out normal reproductive functions. Ambient heat
dependence for insects has been thought to have a greater effect on fertility success than other
contributing factors such as increased female body size. Studies by Berger and others have shown
that the European speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, can only reproduce in the temperature
range of 8°C and 14 °C even when controlling for larger female body sizes. The findings of the
study suggest that temperature can limit insect reproduction in two specific ways. First, the
development of the egg may be inhibited by temperature ranges that are outside the preferred range
of the insect. Second, the female's range of time she is able to lay eggs is reduced when the
temperature of the immediate environment is not conducive to the survival of her offspring (Berger
et al, 2008). Thus, temperature is a paramount factor when considering the success rate of many
insect species.
Other studies have shown the importance of temperature on reproductive success of certain insects
and the implications that

Ladybug Short Story
Our Lady's Bugs You probably wouldn't believe me if I told you so, but I'll take the risk of sounding
insane. I believe ladybugs are my connection to faith. Based on that sentence alone I might've
laughed and scoffed at myself too. Another self righteous bible thumper coming along, trying to
convince the world of ridiculous proclamations. But as long as I believe it, that's all that really
matters. I'd never given the insect a second thought, it was like any other gross, crawling thing I saw
in the grass, but suddenly, they began to stand out in numbers. My grandmother grew sick from
cancer in the late months of the 2016 year, a daunting struggle for both my mom and I. The
realization that she would be gone at anytime was an uneasy feeling, like ... Show more content on
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Around the news of her downfall, I began to find one or two ladybugs in my room. This is common,
as they're are attracted to homes during the winter, so I would scoop them up and put them in my
backyard and continue on. Weeks progressed and I was in another state, holding my grandma's hand
by her bedside. She had wanted the women in the family to split up her jewelry to remember her by,
and inevitably I was given a gaudy blue and gold ring with a ladybug on top. I smiled, remembering
the many trips I took to my backyard a few weeks prior, and took it graciously. On February 7th, my
grandma passed away in her sleep. My family and I grew distraught as we had been prepared, but
didn't know how to fully cope with the news when it became a reality. I was ill with grievance, but
in my distress, the ladybugs came. Whenever I felt lost in my emotions, I could count of the
sightings of a ladybug nearby in the grass. When the funeral arrived, I felt completely helpless.
Sitting in the pews of the church where I used to stand next to her made it all the more heart
wrenching. As I listened to family and neighbors recall their fondest moments, I looked towards the
pew in front of me. There, before my eyes, was

Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak : Underlying Cause
Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: Underlying Cause
The Dendroctonus ponderosae (Mountain Pine Beetle) is estimated to have killed 46 million acres of
trees from 2000 to 2012 – an area nearly the size of the state of Colorado, as stated in an article
released by the Union of Concerned Scientists. In response to this epidemic, the U.S. Forest Service
estimates that "as many as 100,000 beetle–killed trees fall to the ground every day in Southern
Wyoming and Northern Colorado alone". The results of the early 2000's outbreak clearly reflect the
devastation, but the reasons behind the infestation are not as defined. It 's commonly believed that
the cause of the Mountain Pine Beetle outbreak was warmer temperatures that decreased winter
larvae ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies published by the Colorado State Forest Service show temperatures anywhere from –13 to –
31 degrees Fahrenheit can cause mortality in mid–winter but different factors may influence their
potential of freezing ("Frequently Asked Questions"). During the last decade, Colorado has not had
sufficiently cold temperatures to cause a large mortality rate ("Frequently Asked Questions"). This
increase in temperature explains how the initial population growth began, but it lacks evidence of
how the next adult generation continued the growth pattern with no apparent competition for
resources. Due to the lack of evidence, another variable may have also affected the population
growth.
Higher temperatures not only decreased winter severities, but produced drought conditions
throughout Colorado in the late 1990s, eventually becoming severe by 2000 ("Frequently Asked
Questions"). This lack of moisture in the soil and in Colorado's precious pine forests put the trees
under extreme stress, forcing them to compete for water. The stress of this competition for moisture
makes it increasingly difficult for trees to fend off the Mountain Pine Beetle during an attack,
making them a vulnerable target (Funk and Saunders). Pine trees are unable to fight off infesting
Mountain Pine Beetles until they have burrowed into the living cells of the phloem. According to
Hillary Rosner of National Geographic, once the beetle has reached the phloem, the tree

The Cattle Short Story
The beetle is a uniquely bad car. The color of denim and smelling of her grandmother's upstairs
closet, where lies a large stash of moth eaten fur coats. To Catherine's recollection they have never
been worn, and by their current condition she doubts they ever would be. Where most junk vehicles
stop too early, if they could be made to run to begin with, the beetle stubbornly chugs on. When
Catherine takes her foot off the gas, the beetle does not grind to a halt but inches forward with the
quiet, coveted steps of a child up later than they are supposed to be. When she takes the key out
from the ignition the beetle sputters obstinately for a good ten to fifteen minutes thereafter, It will go
on for twenty if she turns it off while geared in reverse. Catherine had taken the beetle to the shop
three times in the last three months. Greg Wickerby, the sole owner and agent of "Agoura Auto
Repair" pressed his greasy, piggish face against the beetle's windows, fixed nothing at all and
charged her an exorbitant fee for his "labors". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She takes her bag, which is the size and weight of an obese housecat and the color of a grape and
launches herself into the overripe sun. The heat rises off Joseph Mabona's house. Its apparation
gives the yellow walls a shimmering look as in the house belonged to a rather negligent fairy.
Catherine gathers her hair up and holds it against the back of her head with one hand while patting
about for a hair tie with the other. She finds none and stubbornly clasps the orange strands to her
scalp to trek across the stone walkway that winds its sprawling way through prick–to–touch
crabgrass that populates his yard. She rings Joseph Mabona's bell and waits. In his inornate kitchen
window, a solar–powered lucky cat waves at Catherine from the sill, she counts its movements to
calm

Outline Of Laurel Wilt Disease
Laurel Wilt Disease is a scourge here in Florida. The disease affects laurel trees all over the
Southeast, with the most notable victim being avocado trees. The beetles also effect sassafras trees,
pond spice trees, and swamp bays. The main cause of this disease is a fungus known as Raffaelea
Lauricola that is transmitted through a beetle called the red bay ambrosia beetle (Persea Borbonia).
Neither of these species are native to the area. It was brought over to the states through wooden
shipping containers that had contained the beetle insect. The insect and disease came from countries
like India, Japan, Myanmar, and Taiwan. The disease works by having the beetle come into the
country, hiding in the wooden crates. Once in America, the beetle enters into the environment and
seeks trees to bore into for food and shelter. The beetles contain spores that containing the fungus
that kills the host tree. The fungus then grows in the sapwood of the tree, restricting the flow of
food, sap, and nutrients around the tree. This results in die back and eventually, a dead tree. The
disease is known to highly effect the avocado industry and the natural forests in Florida. Currently,
61 out of 67 counties in Florida contain reports of Laurel Wilt Disease as of 2015. That is an
enormous 91%.
So what will my organization do to help? My group wishes to mitigate the spread of Laurel wilt
Disease in Florida in order to protect the environment we pride ourselves on as well as the avocado

Gregor In Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis
In Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis Gregor, a young traveling salesman who dutifully leaves the
family apartment early every day for a job he hates so that he can pay off his father's debts. Gregor
is characterized as a bug because for the longest time he has felt nothing but pressure, so much
pressure has been thrown at him that makes it him feel small. This portrays when Gregor changes
into a being that is always alone and helpless, an insect. The first idea that leads to think Gregor is
described as a bug is because Gregor has to step up and take care of his family debt. Gregor, being a
salesman doesn't like his job, yet he continues to do it for the sake of the family. He often complains
"Oh God," what a grueling job I've picked! I've got the torture of ... Show more content on
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Gregor's father is a lazy man who does nothing all day. He lives off the money his son makes for
him because his business has failed which left him exhausted and emotionally broken and because
of that Gregor has to step up and become the breadwinner. Although, Gregor's father is in good
health, he sits around all day reading newspapers in his nightgown while his son labors at a stressful,
dehumanizing job. After Gregor's metamorphosis "With a hostile expression his father clenched his
fist, as if to drive Gregor back into his room" (Kafka 5). Usually when a child wants to help their
parents through financial trouble they would usually get praised for helping, stepping up to the plate.
However, when Gregor stepped up and got a job, despite its beneficial effects the father expresses
considerable hostility toward Gregor. This gave an even more stress and causes Gregor to be
depressed because, know what matter how much effort Gregor put into his job in order to help his
family he would always get nothing but neglect instead of thanks from his father. This characterizes
Gregor as a bug because he feels trapped by his father's failings just like a

Mealworm Lab Report
In our fourth and final lab for Biology 100, we are dealing with the beetle larva mealworms. This
worm–like animal is, in fact, not a worm; they are larva for the tenebrionid beetle. These larvae are
most commonly used in order to feed household pets. For example: reptiles, fish, and birds.
Tenebrio larvae are also considered pests to the most businesses. This is why they're given a pest's
name "mealworm". Mealworms are known for burrowing themselves in grains or flours and
completely infesting businesses inventory. Tenebrio larvae will eat almost anything; they'll consume
rotten wood, grasses, small plants, other insects, and even feces. Since meals worms are such an
essential food supply to families who own pets, more needs to be understood ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In sum, we had a total of four different variables: pure cornstarch, natural raw wheat germ, extra
virgin olive oil, and peanut oil. Our null hypothesis was that the larvae would have no preference
toward any variable whatsoever. However, our alternate hypothesis was that the mealworms would
prefer the habitat where the wheat and olive oil was present. For experiment 1, where my lab group
and I predicted the mealworms would prefer the natural raw wheat germ rather than the pure
cornstarch. This was determined by the food preferences of the adult version of the larva
(tenebrionid beetle). These beetles love to eat grains and flours, so in turn this led us to our
hypothesis for experiment 1. The mealworms would have a bias towards the wheat grain rather than
the pure cornstarch. For experiment 2, my lab group and I predicted that the mealworms would
prefer the olive oil rather than the peanut oil. This was determined by assumption that the stronger
scent of the olive oil would attract the mealworms towards that specific environment. This would
only be plausible if mealworms used a sense of smell in determining their environmental
preferences. The mealworms would have a bias towards the olive oil rather than the peanut

Why Does Porsche Hedge Its Foreign Exchange Exposure?
Q.1 Why does Porsche hedge its foreign exchange exposure? Does it make sense from the
perspective of shareholders, for Porche to hedge? Does it make sense from management's
perspective? Are there potential differences in interest between management and shareholders
regarding the hedging policy?
Ans.
Assume it is end of November 2007, and Porsche audits its supporting technique for the money
streams it hopes to get from vehicle deals in North America amid the logbook year 2009. Accept that
Porsche engages three situations: The normal volume of North American deals in 2009 is 32,750
vehicles. The low–deals situation is 30% lower than the normal deals volume, and the high–deals
situation is 30% higher than the normal deals volume. Expect, in ... Show more content on
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On offers of about €7.4 billion, Porsche detailed benefits of €5.9 billion, up from €2.1 billion in the
earlier year. Benefits from its VW investment opportunity exchanges represented €3.6 billion of
these benefits. A further €1.2 billion originated from Porsche's offer in VW's benefits, and in this
way "just" about €1.1 billion from its centre business, despite the fact that that still spoke to a
noteworthy master t edge via auto industry guidelines. At the end of the day, Porsche made three–
fold the amount of benefit from exchanges money related subordinates than from its business of
assembling and offering autos.
In addition, the ace t from its centre business was likewise helped by remote trade fences that
Porsche had set up. These supports contributed €250 million to Porsche's primary concern in
2006/07, as the dollar debilitated against the euro.
Porsche's astounding outcomes drew commend, yet additionally feedback from examiners and
reporters. A few writers compared Porsche's CFO, Härter, to a " budgetary virtuoso," or portrayed
him as "a greater amount of an alternatives broker than a CFO," while others cautioned that Porsche
had quite recently been fortunate, and that things may have turned out contrastingly at some other
time. Some even recommended that Porsche was more similar to a fence investments than an auto
organization.

Ted Kooser 's Poem, Surviving
Omnipresent Death
Ted Kooser's poem, "Surviving", can be interpreted in many different ways. At first the poem seems
to be about a man who is watching a bug being attentive to its surroundings and the bug having the
fear of death. Another way to interpret this poem is that death is unrelenting. Even when the speaker
seems to have ceased the image of death, it finds its way back. This is prevalent because the speaker
starts talking about the fear of death, then altering the tone by describing this bug he witnesses. The
speaker then leaves the reader uncertain at the end of the poem. Ted Kooser reveals the uncertainty
of the bugs' near future in the last line of the poem. A careful analysis of the poem, the poem is truly
about a man in his final stages of life being attentive to death and the beauty of the bug he observes.
The speaker has a fear of death and cannot escape its presence. The author states, "There are days
when the fear of death/ is ubiquitous as light"(Kooser 1–2). This line is a simile that compares the
fear of death to the presence of light. This line has a very negative connotation, because the speaker
is stressing that the only things visible are seen as a way to die. This statement does not t reveal if
the speaker himself has this fear of death. This line does indicate that the speaker thinks about death
a lot, but does not think of death everyday. This means the author may think about death when he
alone or sad. The speaker states that the fear of death

Praise The Humble Beetle Summary
"Like the rest of us, scientists gravitate toward the huggable" (Begley 257) says, Sharon Begley as
she refers to animals in her article "Praise the Humble Dung Beetle." Begley, an accomplished and
award–winning science journalist, informs people on the threat of the plants and animals that are
going extinct. In this article published in Newsweek, she persuades her audience that this threat of
extinction is harming the environment and humankind and that it can be detrimental in many ways.
In "Praise the Humble Dung Beetle," Begley's use of rhetorical appeals, her organization and syntax,
as well as her tone, help inform her audience about the importance of insects in our ecosystem.
With her knowledge of journalism, Begley uses the resource she knows best–logos, which comes in
the form of expert opinion. Begley, being an award–winning science journalist herself, calls on
people well known in their field, including Sacha Spector, "who runs the invertebrate program at the
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History" (Begley
256). Begley uses the expertise of Spector to help form her article to its fullest potential by
incorporating Spector's knowledge as a building block from which to construct her articles claims.
Begley says that "'Plants and invertebrates are the silent majority which feed the entire planet,
stabilize the soil, and make all life possible,' says Kiernan Suckling, cofounder of the Center for
Biological Diversity" (Begley

Ethical Dangers Of Animals
The world is full of many different animals. With so many species, they all play a role in the
ecosystem and serve a purpose. So why is it that most people only love the cute, fuzzy ones? It is
completely understandable for people to dislike unattractive or dangerous animals, but even they are
important. People would love to give money to stop things like seal clubbing, but not to protect
other animals from abuse or even Extinction. All because they don't like the way they look. This
bias for certain animals makes us treat them differently in this can be ethically wrong, or can even
harm the environment.
Animals like the American burying Beetle are in danger of going extinct, but people don't care just
because of the fact that they're bugs. Even though people don't like them they're still important, they
eat dead birds and get their nutrients back into the soil. People would gladly help endangered pandas
and or Tigers, but when it comes to any what Jane Goodall world call "creepy–crawlies", people
don't care. We need more people like Jane Goodall who care for these unloved creatures. She
learned from two friends who were researching the American burying beetle that they were going
extinct, And she watched as Lou Perotti and Jack Mulvena helped to bring these efficient recyclers
back to viability.
Not only does this bias towards certain animals have the potential to harm the environment, it can
also result in cruel actions taken against animals that people don't like, or

Essay on Insects in Popular Culture
Table of Contents Film: The Wasp Women– 25 points Film: The Black Scorpion– 25 points Poetry:
Haikus– 6 points Poetry: Short Poem– 5 points Insects in Popular Culture – 10 points Original
Comic– 30 points References Honor Pledge The Wasp Woman, 1959 The Wasp Women tells the
story of Janice Starlin, owner and CEO of a cosmetics company. To bolster her declining sales she
enlists the help of recently fired beekeeper Dr. Zinthrop. Zinthrop was fired for experimenting with
wasps, specifically enzyme extracts from the royal jelly of a queen wasp. Starlin funds his research
it the hopes of creating a formula to slow the aging process, with the condition of Starlin being the
human trial. The serums are not working fast ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also do not suck the blood of the person they bite. Considering the above, The Wasp Woman,
albeit entertaining is not the most accurate depiction of wasps.
The Black Scorpion, 1957 The Black Scorpion takes place in Mexico, after an earthquake has
caused a formation of a new volcano. Two geologist, Hank Scott and Arturo Ramos are there to
investigate and study it. As they are driving through, they end up in San Lorenzo where the village
priest explains to them about the strange occurrences in the city. People have been disappearing,
homes are being destroyed, livestock are being slaughtered and there are strange noises being heard
at night. The people believe it's a demon bull put after doing some research, it's revealed that it is in
fact a giant scorpion. The film has some obvious inaccuracies but not everything is incorrect. For
one, these giant scorpions only came out at night. This incorrect, scorpions appear at night as well as
during the day. They occasionally take shelter in the shade to escape a potentially harsh climate, but
it's possible for them to be out in the daylight. On a positive, the scorpions were depicted
anatomically correct. They had correct chelae, or pedipalps, they use for prey capture. Also in a
close up their chelicerae were also accurate. Most importantly to the film, they had the stingers at
the end of their tails for defense. The scorpions in the film live in an

Relationship Between Nature And Nature
Some people might say that in the modern world nature does not affect us as predominantly as it
used to prior to the industrial revolution and thus we don't share a strong bond with nature anymore.
However, I strongly disagree with their claim since our history and current society substantiates
otherwise. The formal definition of nature is – the phenomena of the physical world collectively, i.e,
the factors and products of the worlds as opposed to human creations. Even though we, the humans,
have decided to exclude ourselves from the definition of nature, we cannot deny the inseparable
relationship that exists between us and nature. The relations that nature has with humans is similar to
that of the bond between mother and her children. A mother nests her children within her for 9
months and thus becoming an integral part of her for the rest of her life. She nourishes them, takes
care of them, stands by their side in every step of the way. No matter what mistakes her children
makes, she always forgives and loves them. Since the inception of their relation, they both mutually
affect each other. The way a mother treats her children, shapes and defines their perception the
world and the way a child behaves influences their mother's conduct to her children. However, as
the children get older and form their own opinions, the often collide and clash with their mother.
Their wrongdoings and "mistakes" may hurt her, yet she cannot stop loving her children. Similarly,
nature

Safety Is A Factor Of Our Lives That Is Very Rarely...
Safety is a factor of our lives that is very rarely overlooked, instead, it is universally prioritized over
many other necessities. Thus, when scandals concerning consumer safety air, the company must take
caution in regaining the public 's favor to save face. Time is an integral factor of trust when a
company cheats the public and the government, their public standing is negatively affected while the
trust between the two parties repairs. However, if the company has publicly apologized for their
wrongdoings and have compensated their consumers; the company has begun the journey of
creating a healthy foundation for an environment of corporate citizenship. The Volkswagen scandal
is two years old and continues to affect the company's image ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, the company has worked quickly in recovering its brand image. When the scandal first
emerged Volkswagen acknowledged the problem, and announced that it would be actively
investigating several employees, including the CEO at the time Martin Winterkorn. The ex–CEO
addressed the public with a formal apology in 2015:
"...the irregularities in our Group's diesel engines go against everything Volkswagen stands for. At
present, I do not yet have all the answers to all the questions.... We're putting everything on the table
as quickly, rigorously, and transparently as possible. I would like to make a formal apology ... for
this misconduct."1
When news of the scandal first aired, Mark Winterkorn apologized to the public in a video,
however; he shifted the responsibility when he mentioned that the emissions device was created by
the mistakes of other individuals. This strategy was a lethal mistake on his end because he was
linked to the group of employees that knew about the emissions rigging. This clumsy attempt at
damage control was not well received by the public as investigations of his person continued.
Furthermore, the apology in itself didn't sound sincere, instead it was a reflex in the means of
survival. Volkswagen was criticized harshly because it was initially blaming software engineers
instead of taking full responsibility. Taking action and learning from the

Spruce Budworm Research Paper
Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks have an important effect on
succession of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and spruce (Picea spp.) stands in eastern
Canadian forests (MacLean 2004). Spruce budworm feeds repeatedly on annual shoots of balsam fir
and spruce and leads to large–scale growth reduction and mortality (MacLean and Ostaff 1989).
When overstory tree mortality occurs from defoliation, it creates gaps that allow understory plants to
get an opportunity to release (Osawa 1994; Kemball et al. 2005). Defoliation also changes the
competitive interactions between host fir–spruce and non–host species and may release the latter.
Research by Su et al. (1996) revealed that different hardwood content in stands influences balsam fir
defoliation and mortality caused by spruce budworm. Defoliation and mortality are less in stand
with high hardwood content than in stands with low hardwoods (MacLean 1980; Bergeron et al.
1995; Su et al. 1996). This results in higher canopy openness in stands with high conifer content
than in high hardwood content ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The absence of a balsam fir seedling bank prior to the outbreak could be due to unfavorable litter or
soil conditions (Greene et al. 1999), higher competition by shrubs prior to the outbreak (Kneeshaw
and Bergeron 1999), and the absence of seed trees. Absence of a seedling bank or death of the
seedling bank during an epidemic will lead to lack of fir recruitment (Bouchard et al. 2007). But in
research by Spence and MacLean (2012) there was a different result: in immature stands the
intolerant hardwood regenerations post–disturbance (4%–27%) was higher than pre–disturbance
(0%). But the percentage of intolerant hardwood regeneration eventually decreased (from 19%–44%
to 4%–25%). This suggests that in immature stands may still have a higher balsam fir composition
over

Five Creative Principles in Ancient Egypt
There are five creative principles in ancient Egypt which still have great resonance in current
culture. Each principle brings not only a greater understanding of yourself, but also betterment of
yourself. They strive to bring out the best in you. These principles are, autogenesis, renewal,
individuation, reflective speech, and complementarity.
Autogenesis, is enacted by many historical figures and events in ancient Egypt and early African
Christianity. Autogenesis is viewed as a rebirth of oneself, creating yourself out of nothing, or being
both your own mother and father. Being ones' own mother and father can be explained by providing
for yourself. A major example of autogenesis is the scarab beetle, or dung beetle. The scarab beetle
is thought to be brought into existence by itself because the ancient Egyptians viewed baby scarab
beetles emerging from dung, with no obvious source as to their creator. In reality, the scarab beetle
lays its young in the dung, which provides perfect conditions for the baby beetles to hatch. It is
because of this that the scarab beetle is viewed as a symbol of autogenesis. The sun god, Re, also
displays autogenesis by setting and rising each day. Re recreates himself each morning by emerging
from the darkness. Along this idea of the suns journey, when the scarab beetle moves its dung it is
viewed as the same thing as the sun passing through the sky. Autogenesis is enacted in people to
better them. It can mean bettering skills, awareness,

Designing A 2x2 Factorial Design With 2
Method
Design
The experiment will utilize a 2x2 factorial design with 2 (presentation style: blocked or interleaved)
x 2 (informational content: high or low). Presentation style will be manipulated between subjects
and informational content will be manipulated within subjects.
Participants
Participants will include forty undergraduate students, ranging in age from eighteen to twenty–three
years. These subjects will be drawn from the Villanova University subject pool, and will receive
course credit in exchange for participating in a single thirty minute research session. They will be
randomly enrolled as subject numbers in the experiment; gender will be a factor of random
selection. All subjects will receive a debriefing form at the conclusion of their session. This study
conforms to research ethics and abides by IRB regulations.
Stimuli and apparatus The materials for this study are computer programmed drawings of beetles.
They have been programmed via the language E–Prime. The drawings of the beetles are randomly
generated based on twelve identifiable/critical dimensions. *The numbers 1–7 represent thickness of
the line of the antennae and sets of legs. The specific function for line width/thickness on ePrime is
cnvs.PenWidth which will create a line ranging from 1–7, 1 being the thinnest of lines and 7 being
the thickest of lines.
Figure 1 The Twelve Identifiable/Critical Stimuli Dimensions
Six categories of beetle drawings were generated based on certain

Interesting Facts About Ladybugs
Interesting facts about the ladybug Ladybugs occur almost everywhere and if you have your own
little garden that is healthy and you do not use any insecticides or artificial pesticide, then you will
probably find one or two ladybugs in your garden. These little bugs have various names depending
on the region, in some places they are referred to as lady beetles, ladybirds or ladybird beetles.
Scientifically they are mostly known as coccinelids and there are currently over 6000 species that
have been identified. They are actually not bugs, but rather they are beetles. Their name has an
interesting history, being traced back to Britain. In Britain Mary is known as Our Lady, and is often
painted having a red cloak on. In comparison to a species of this bug which has a red back and with
seven spot. The seven spots are taken as a symbol of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In terms of their size, the females are on average larger than the males. Ladybugs have jaws that
move like that of a human being, moving side to side as well as moving up and down when they are
chewing. Characteristics of the ladybug Ladybugs have numerous species, however they have a
common shape, they are oval and their bodies look like domes. They have six short legs and not all
of them have colorful and marked backs. Those with colorful and marked backs may either have
stripes or spots. These stripes or spots will continue fading gradually as the ladybug gets older,
hence the most faded will show the oldest ladybugs in comparison to the younger ones whose
marking will be bright. There are those that are brightly colored but have no spots or stripes.
However, there are ladybugs that are not brightly colored and are gray, black or brown in color
which makes many people to assume that they are not ladybugs. The opposite is also true; at times
people confuse other small beetles to be ladybugs that are not brightly

Pine Wilt Essay
Pine wilt is a disease of pine trees caused by Pinewood nematodes, a microscopic roundworm.
Though all species of pines found east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States are hosts,
Pinewood nematode is most commonly found on Scotch pine. Native pine tree species are resistant,
with the nematodes being more of a problem on introduced species of pines. Most often the first
sign of pine wilt is the sudden decline and death of an entire pine tree, usually from the warmest part
of the summer through the fall. The dead tree could retain its needles for as long as one year.
Because the dead wood is dry it becomes very brittle. Pinewood nematode is transmitted from tree
to tree by pine sawyer beetles which overwinter as larvae in dead pines or pine logs which still have
the bark attached. After pupating, the adult pine sawyer beetles, carrying nematodes in their
tracheae, fly to healthy host pine trees where the nematodes enter through feeding wounds.
Pinewood nematodes migrate to resin canals where they feed and rapidly reproduce. The resin canal
system is damaged and water movement in the tree is disrupted. Once the pine tree dies the
nematodes continue to feed and reproduce on blue stain fungus which infects the tree. In summer,
female pine sawyer beetles carry nematodes as they fly back to dead pine wood where they lay their
eggs. Eggs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If there is a group of pine trees on the site insecticide treatments can be done in an effort to save the
remaining trees. Dead branches should be pruned from live trees to reduce the attraction of pine
sawyer beetles. Any dead pine trees or firewood should be removed or destroyed. Do not use the
mulch from an infested tree for mulch. When replacing dead trees choose species which are immune
to pine wilt such as Norway or Colorado blue spruce, Douglas–fir, cedar, hemlock or white pine

The Report 's Strengths And Weaknesses
1) Comments for the author. Please include both general and specific comments regarding the
report's strengths and weaknesses, and emphasize your most significant points. General comments
include (1) scientific soundness, (2) originality (if the research is an enhancement of an existing
experiment or finding, please comment on the originality of the improved sections– usually in the
discussions section they will state if they have done this), (3) degree to which conclusions are
supported by the data, (4) appropriateness of the methods, (5) organization and clarity, (6)
cohesiveness of argument, (7) length relative to the number of ideas and information, and (8)
conciseness and writing style.
First and foremost, the report includes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be seen on page three paragraph four when the authors state that "Other bombardier beetles
related to Stenaptinus (subfamily Brachininae), such as those of the large genus Brachinus, probably
aim their spray in much the same manner as Stenaptinus. Indeed, we found the abdominal tip of
Brachinus to resemble that of Stenaptinus in every structural detail."
2. Presentation. Does the article tell a cohesive story? Is a tightly reasoned argument evident
throughout the report? Where does the report wander from its argument? Do the title, abstract, key
words, introduction, and conclusions accurately and consistently reflect the major point(s) of the
report? Is the writing concise, easy to follow, and interesting?
Generally, the writing of this report was easy to follow and was structured in a way in which it told a
unified story. However, it was sort of difficult to identify what exactly was the purpose of the
experiment. I believe the report was focused mainly on exploring the function and structure of the
ejection of fluids in the African bombardier beetle. It was slightly more informative rather than
scientific even though the article included many scientific terms. Nonetheless, the report had various
amounts of details throughout the experiment. For example, on page 2 the author states "Photos
(Kodachrome 25 PKM 135 film, Kodak) were taken with 35–mm cameras (Fig. 1), and with a

Called Out, Hope For Animals And Their World, And Carry
Humans and nature research report
Humans interact with the natural world in many ways. It is as if we are all connected. For example,
Humans give carbon dioxide to trees and in return trees give back oxygen. This relationship in the
ecosystem plays a big role for all living things. In "Called out", "Hope for Animals and their world"
and "Carry" all have similar relationships to this topic. "Called out" having a magical theme by the
desert blooming which is unexpected; "Hope for animals with a theme of caring with the American
burying beetle and "Carry being mystical by the water choosing the predator and preys fate
throughout the poem.
I chose these three text because I really understand them and I learned new things after reading
them. As ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though it contains little words, there is a lot to be said about this poem. She uses parallelism
between the hawk and the fish. The thing that was pulled out of the water was a hawk that had
grabbed the fish in its talons. The hawk was then drowned by the water. This is ironic because the
fish being the prey survives and the hawk being a top predator ends up being engulfed by the water.
To readers this is very unexpected. The water plays a major role in this poem.
It protected the fish from being killed by the hawk. Hogan also uses personification by giving the
water a voice of its own, [lines 24–32] "Come close, you who want to swallow me; already I am part
of you. Come near. I will shape myself around you so soft, so calm I will carry you down to a world
you never knew or dreamed, I will gather you into the hands of something stronger, older, deeper.
This gives the reader a mystical feel to the poem. Also when the water says "already I am part of
you" means that it is in all living organisms. Water is essential to life. A mysterious feeling also
plays through as the water has many life forms deep down inside

How Insects Are Affected By Different Food And...
Animal behavior can be defined as how animals respond to different environmental inducements
(Schussler 2014). Furthermore, by studying how animal's react to these stimulus we can determine
what shapes an animals behavior. In addition, the way an insect travels can define how prosperous
or how non prosperous an insect will be in finding vital resources such as finding nutrients,
reproducing, and their habitat location (Romero et. al. 2010). One interesting question is how insects
are affected by different food and environmental ques. Based upon earlier research conducted by
Stephen P. Yanoviak, insects prefer salt when compared against to sugar because they are less
exposed to salt. (Sanders 2008). For that reason, in this study we are investigating how the flour
beetle (Tribolium spp.) is affected by a variety of food resources. From earlier research conducted
on ground beetles, the researchers found that beetles feast on a variety of food sources (Lovei &
Sunderland, 1996). The reason we are studying this is because we believe that the type food source
plays a dynamic role in flour beetle behavior. One question that lead us to perform this study is that
food is a vital resource that beetles must have to survive. We wanted to see what food sources is
most influential and why. This study was focused on how beetle behavior is influenced by a variety
of food sources. We conducted two test in this study. We based our first hypothesis off of earlier
research on the topic.

Cottonwood Research Papers
Cottonwood Trees
Native to the United States, cottonwood trees' preferred habitat in the wild include moist bottomland
areas and around lakes and streams. Those wishing to add one to their landscape need to consider all
aspects of the tree before planting, as the tree has a variety of drawbacks that don't make it suitable
for many locations.
Basic Description
Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids), which is also its common name, is a fast–growing deciduous
tree that obtains an additional 6–feet of growth yearly and reaches a mature height and width of
100–feet. Due to this habit of quick growth, the wood is soft and brittle, breaking easily in windy
conditions.
Bark, Stems and Foliage
The bark and trunk on a mature cottonwood tree is deeply furrowed, thick and gray and with
younger trees, the bark is a greenish–gray. Young stems and branches are a yellowish–green in color,
changing to a grayish color as they age. Mature trees develop an open and irregular–shaped crown.
Foliage is thick and heart–shaped with coarse ridges lining the edges, averaging 2– to 6–inches long.
During the growing season their color is green, changing to yellow during the fall before the foliage
drops during the winter months. The several inch long and flattened petiole allow the leaves to flap
from side to side in windy conditions.
Flowers and Seeds
Eastern cottonwood trees are dioecious, meaning there are male and female trees producing flowers,
though the female trees are the ones

The Concept Of Emotional Branding
The concept of "emotional branding" refers to the relationship and connection people have with
certain brands. Built through strategic marketing and communications, brands have been able to
develop campaigns that shape attitudes of its audiences that drive decision making and behaviour.
The concept stems from the realization that many customers do not, in fact, make buying decisions
through a purely rational approach, focusing solely on the financials, and attributes of products, but
rather, these decisions are influences in large part by their emotions. While many purchasing
decisions are certainly influenced by the subconscious emotions of the consumer, emotional
branding can also determine the strength and length of a customer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Volvo has historically focused its campaigns around it's superior safety features, but
with the advancement of technology in recent years, Volvo has been losing its position as a leader
for safe vehicles and its market share as a result. This is a great example of what could happen to an
automotive firm that focuses solely on the attributes of its vehicles and ignoring the potential of
emotional branding. There is little doubt that Volvo could have leveraged its position as a leader in
safety to develop strong emotional marketing communications and messaging, but it has failed to do
so, forcing the brand to rethink the way it positions itself relative to its competition.
Conversely, German automaker, BMW, has been successful at capturing the hearts and minds of
consumers through its "Ultimate Driving Machine" campaign which feature its vehicles driving
through opulent scenery with a focus on posh and luxurious interiors, suggesting that their cars are
the ultimate status of success and that working hard deserves to be rewarded with the best.
Moreover, BMW's commitment to post–purchase service and customer experience (BMW offers
owners "Driver Training" where they can drive their cars around a closed track at ungodly speeds)
has had significant returns, with the brand experiencing the highest rates of repurchase of any luxury
car brand. Similarly, VW's "Das Auto" and "Drivers Wanted" campaigns, were wildly successful at
attracting

Mealworms Lab Report
Zophobas morio Preference between a vanilla or coffee abstract
Tylar Lauby
Tuesdays at 6pm
23 September 2014
Abstract Zophobas morio, also known as mealworms, is the larva of the beetles called tenebrionid
beetles. These beetles have a tendency of mainly eating grass and sticks, and they also tend to
burrow. This lab study is to find out if the Z. morio prefer the smell of coffee abstract or the sweet
vanilla abstract. The way we did this study was by taking a habitat with oats in it and see what side
the mealworms would prefer (the coffee side or the vanilla side). My conclusion of what side the
mealworms preferred is the vanilla abstract over the coffee. This might have been so because they
may have liked the sweeter smell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mealworms seemed to have preferred the side with vanilla more than coffee. In the scientific
method you have several steps that take place. These steps include observe, develop questions, test,
collect information, analyze the findings, form conclusions, share results, and finally conduct more
research (Schiff, 2015). We have done all of these besides conduct more research. More research
needs to be done in order to find out more accurately if these test findings are accurate. I question
my findings because the abstracts are both human creations making me wonder why they would go
to either or if they had the diet that they do. After finding information about the mealworms I would
have changed my hypothesis to them wanting to go over to the coffee abstract more. This is because
it's more of a natural food and it isn't has sweet smelling as that of vanilla abstract. The test results
surprised me when after the first test. This is because I figured the mealworms would go to vanilla
because of the sweeter smell. But surprisingly they went to the coffee side more. The second and
third test the mealworms went more of where I originally thought. I figured that all three of the test
would be more like the last test was like. Mealworms can be a pest in a house. They can get into
your flour, corn meal, or any other type of house grains (Arizona, 1997). This is why some students
did their testing on some other surfaces so we could see that they can survive in more than just

Mountain Pine Beetle Research Paper
The mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a native insect of North America that
induces pine tree mortality from bark boring infestation. On average, the MPB lives for one year
with four stages of development (egg, larva, pupa and adult). The MPB remains burrowed within a
host pine tree throughout all four stages of its life except in the late fall when the mature beetles
leave a brood tree in search of a new reproduction site. When a MPB finds an optimal tree for
infestation, pheromones are released which attract a swarm of adult beetles. After successfully
burrowing into the Pine bark, egg galleries are created for the 75 eggs each female will lay, and
these eggs develop into larvae that feed on the host tree's phloem. The MPB can inflict extensive
damage to a pine forest when optimum factors of growth are met. The first of three main factors is,
an overabundance of mature trees. The MPB will only bore into large diameter trees which are more
prevalent since fire suppression has become a primary practice for forest management. Eliminating
fires also provides a large quantity of host sites. Tree density is detrimental to forest health because
interspecies competition for resources induces stress which makes more pines vulnerable to MPB
attack. The final factor that has made the MPB such a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to lake sediment samples, the MPB has inhabited this region for over 12,000 years, but in
the last 15 years there has been a recent expanse of MPB infestation. Since 1999, the MPB has
integrated into subalpine ecosystems of the Rockies where it has devastated Whitebark pine trees.
High elevation forests are not the only new territory the MPB is attacking, in 2012 there was
evidence of MPB infestation at the 60th parallel north in the Northwest Territories of Canada for the
first

Assessing The Damage Of Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation
Introduction
The objective of this study is to utilize Local indicator of spatial association (LISA), in particular the
bivariate local Moran 's I, as a procedure for evaluating the damage of mountain pine beetle
infestation over vast lodgepole pine forest with GIS and coarse scale multi temporal Aerial overview
survey (AOS) data. The authors point out beetle infestation results in commercial timber loss,
increase fire risk, habitat loss. They also point out, a growing concern of spreading beyond its
historical range. And traditional mitigation methods have been expensive and time consuming.
Therefore this study sets out to help forest managers address beetle infestation epidemics in a cost
effective and timelier manner using Moran's I risk analysis model.
The study site was located in British Columbia, Canada. The site was selected base on its abundance
of lodgepole pine; a favoured tree of the mountain pine beetle. The area covered approximately 30
million hectares of the province 95 million hectare land mass. The pine distribution data collected
from the AOS which was 1 km resolution raster cells where each cell is represented by the estimated
percentage of pine at the location from the years 2002 to 2006. The method was carried out in three
parts (i.e. organising data, predicting risk classes, risk rating evaluation). Firstly, the authors
prepared the data in ArcGIS where they overlaid AOS data onto basemaps then classified the data
into risk severity categories (light,

Beetles Vs Lodgepole Pine
The authors in this article explored the following questions: Firstly, if the constant reproduction of
pine beetles in whitebark pine in high elevation is a consequence of their eruption in lodgepole pine
or it represent some initial changes in the system due to changes in temperature. Secondly, with
changing climatic conditions how insects determine their choices of host plant species. Thirdly, what
is the reaction of other natural enemies to pine beetles attack to whitebark versus lodgepole pine?
They tested the hypothesis if the mountain pine beetles attack lower defensive host like whitebark
pine while expanding their range to high elevations due to increasing high temperatures. Previous
research suggests that either whitebark pine should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even with field study, I would give information on temperature and other factors that influence
results of this study with variation in each year's climate to make it more convincing. Abstract was
okay but the results does not coincides with the title and all assumptions made by authors. I would
be more specific like instead of eruptive insect I would use mountain pine beetle or even start with
"Comparing susceptibility of historic host lodgepole pine and naive host whitebark pine to mountain
pine beetle attack in a field study". I think the current title is too broad and tide to bigger picture of
this study. I understand it is sometimes difficult in field studies but I would try to be more consistent
with the time of the year I start and end collecting data and also have equal sample size for both tree
species. May be due to journal requirement they changed the traditional way of scientific article but
I prefer to read and write methods before results. I think the way they wrote this paper or may be
their wording makes it confusing and have to read it back and forth for clear picture, seems like
some sections of introduction should be in discussion but discussion is already too long. I would try
to make it simple to understand with some rearrangement in text. I felt like they tried to fit in all
data they

Write An Essay On Invasive Species
Abstract. We addressed how invasive species such as tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) affect darkling beetle
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) abundance and diversity. We predicted that darkling beetle abundance
and diversity would be higher in tamarisk bosques due to higher leaf litter and detritus compared to
habitats without tamarisk. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted pitfall trapping and
observational encounter surveys in three different settings: native high desert, tamarisk thicket and a
common garden plot. We found two patterns. 1. Darkling beetle abundance was higher in native
habitats compared to the tamarisk and common garden habitats. 2. Darkling beetle diversity was
higher in the native habitats compared to the tamarisk and common garden habitats. These results
suggest that the introduction of invasive tamarisk negatively affects the distribution and diversity of
darkling beetles, and that management practices may not remediate the change.
Keywords: abundance, invasive species, darkling beetle, diversity, physiognomy Tamarix spp.,
Tamarisk, Tenebrionidae
INTRODUCTION
The introductions of non–native species can cause significant changes to the biodiversity of
ecosystems (Hobbs 2000, Van Auken 2000). These changes, often mediated by competition, can
affect the physiognomy of a landscape. These changes then affect other species in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If we were to improve this study, a longer sampling period to obtain a larger sample size would be
necessary. With a larger sample size, it would be easier to draw conclusions from the ANOVA. It
would also be beneficial to collect more beetles from more varied habitat types. This would allow
for making better inferences about the community composition and how that could be affected by
tamarisk and management practices. Analyses of potential food for darkling beetles in different
habitats is another avenue for

Skipper Butterfly Research Paper
The Skipper Butterfly is in the family Hesperiidae. They have a wingspan of 29 to 31 millimeters,
1.14 to 1.22 inches, and are 2.5 to 6 inches, 6.604 to 15.24 centimeters, in length. This butterfly's
appearance is different than other butterflies in many ways. The antennae club is hooked backwards
like a crochet hook while the typical butterflies have club–like tips to their antennae. They have
stockier bodies and larger compound eyes, and they have stronger wing muscles in the plump
thorax, resembling many moths than the other two butterfly lineages, which are Rhopalocera and
Papilionoidea. Their wings are usually smaller than their bodies and when at rest they are angled
upwards or spread out and rarely folded up completely. Their wings are more well–rounded with
less sharply–tipped forewings. They either have prominent hindwing tails or more angled wings.
They come in the colors of browns and grays; some are more boldly black–and–white. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cave crickets have very large hind legs with "drumstick–shapes" femora and equally long, thin
tibiae, and long, slender antennae. The antennae are closely apparent and next to each other on the
head. They are a brownish color and humpbacked in appearance, always wingless, and the bodies of
early instars may appear translucent. Most cave crickets favor cool/damp places like caves, rotten
logs, underneath leaves or rocks and will not reproduce indoors unless they find continuous
darkness, and moist conditions. Living in perpetual darkness, as deep in caves, may have reduced
and missing eyes and often have long slender limbs. Most of these crickets are omnivorous and will
eat on most anything organic. Most will catch and eat other smaller animals when they can. If they
are in houses, they may chew on paper products and occasionally fabric. They can grow up to 5 cm
in body and 10 cm for the legs. They are found worldwide and is widespread in North America,
south of Arctic

Mountain Pine Beetle Research Paper
Our forests are extremely vital and important to our world and society. They supply us with oxygen
and other essiential human needs. However, the number of trees in our forests has been decreasing
at an alarming rate due to human interaction and other factors. There have been desperate attempts
in order to increase the number of trees in our forests as well. Scientists have experimented with
biotechnology in order to test factors that affect trees. In this paper, I will review loblolly pines, and
mountain pine beetles, and discuss which will have more of an effect on the number of trees in our
forests.
REVIEW
Loblolly Pines
The idea of Somatic Polyembryogenesis (artificial process in which a embryo is derived from parts
of loblolly pines) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However I believe that the affects of mountain pine beetle will have a more major impact on the
number of trees in our forests
The ideas of cloning and regeneration of loblolly pines discussed by Li and Gupta are effective and
work. However, we as a society simply don't have the time, money, research or manpower to be
constantly regenerating clones and cloning loblolly pines. The process also has negative effects on
our environment and our health. Loblolly pines can also only be cloned or regenerated in small
numbers and it's not enough to compensate for the number of dying trees. Due to these reasons, the
idea of cloning and regeneration of loblolly pines is not practical and is not enough to compensate
for the mass number of dying trees.
However, Mountain Pine Beetles are extremely destructive and devasting to forests. Even though
there is no direct correlation between Mountain Pine Beetles and forest fires, they are still
destructive nevertheless. Mountain Pine Beetles do have the time, and manpower to continue to
cause mass deforestation. Another reason is that there have been attempts to clone these beetles.
Keeling attempted to clone the particle that triggers the attack of the mountain pine beetles. With
even more potential beetles, these beetles will most definitely continue to wreak havoc across the
forests of

Lab Report Sample
I am writing this letter to you to inform and update our King's Christian College Creek that is
located in the middle of the school. As a class, we have conducted test to find the temperature,
turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and found macroinvertebrates in the ecosystem. These tests has been
conducted to figure out what we need to improve the ecosystem for a better habitat for the creatures
living.
We have conducted 4 chemical tests to figure out how to improve our King's Christian College
Creek and our pond. We have measured the temperature of the creek and the pond so that we can see
how it affects the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water. We furthermore
calculated the turbidity of the water to find the muddiness caused by dirt, plants and animals matters
floating in the water. Additionally, we have conducted this experiment to find the pH of the water.
Pure water has a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We have noticed that pond was warmer than the top area of the creek. This is because the top area of
the creek is covered by multiple trees which doesn't allow the sunlight to shine against the water.
The average turbidity of the top area of the creek is 16. The average turbidity of the pond is
6.666666667. This could be improved by removing the litter students or people throw in the water.
The litter can be eaten by creatures living and most importantly turtles can eat plastic which could
kill them. Filtering the water may harm some creatures since they live in a ecosystem with no
filtered water. The average pH of the top area of the creek is 6.2 and the pond is 6.333333333.
According to the result ranges, the King's Christian College Creek is in an excellent pH condition.
This could be preserved by just keeping it the same way as now. The dissolved oxygen of the top
creek is 4 and so as the pond. This indicates that the water in both pond and creek is in good

Red Flour Beetles Lab
INTRODUCTION In this lab, the class discovered the effects of different substrates and stimuli on
red flour beetles. Red flour beetles eat flour and other grains and the female beetle deposits her eggs
on flour, cereal, dry pet food, or other similar products. The larvae hatch and then begin to eat the
material around them. In the article "Patch exploitation by Tribolium castaneum: Movement
patterns, distribution, and oviposition", it says that most of the activity from red flour beetles is
spent in food sources (Campbell and Hagstrum). There are many factors that affect the red flour
beetles ability to survive or reproduce, like temperature, food source, stress, and genetics (Biology
159). In "Humidity Reactions of Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst)", it states that red flour beetles are
attracted to different substrates due to their nutritional levels and moisture level of the substrate
(Willis and Roth). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first hypothesis for this lab is that, if red flour beetles are placed in the center of a dish with
wheat flour on one side and white flour on the other, then more beetles will go to their preferred
substrate. Our prediction is that the white flour side will occupy more red flour beetles than the oat
flour side of the dish because that is the preferred substrate. The null hypothesis is that there will be
no preference between the two substrates. The second hypothesis for this lab is that, when red flour
beetles are placed in the center of the petri dish with sugar on one side and white flour on the other,
then more beetles will go to the preferred substrate. Our prediction is that the white flour side, again,
will be the preferred substrate and occupy more red flour beetles. The null hypothesis is that there
will be no preference between the two

Invasive Species Research Paper
Armyworms are stout bodied, hairless, striped caterpillars that chew the foliage of grasses and grain
crops. Armyworms favorite food is corn and small grains, but they will occasionally feed on turf
grasses. In this essay I argue that humans should take action regarding invasive species because
many areas don't have enough food as is the case with the Armyworms. In this essay I will argue
that humans should take action of invasive species because invasive species eat our food. For
instance, the text states, "Many areas there already do not have enough food" (France–Presse 2017).
This is stating that most places are already running out food because of armyworms. This example
provides evidence that the text states, " It travels to a warm tropical place in the fall" (France–Presse
2017). This is stating that some invasive species move to warm places because in the winter it gets
cold for them since they don't have any hair on them. In conclusion humans should take action of
invasive species, places dont have alot of food, and they move to warm places when it's the winter.
In this essay I argue that humans should take action regarding invasive species because many areas
don't have enough food as is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the text it states, " They can dig a trench or a ditch around the whole farm"(France–
Presse 2017). This is stating that armyworms will eat your crops and dig a trench or a ditch. We can
infer from this example in the text, "They can also bring in birds that will eat the worms because
their attracting them "(France–Presse 2017). This is stating that they can also bring birds which can
kill the worms. In conclusion they can dig holes around the farms and bring birds that can kill the
worms. In this essay I argue that humans should take action regarding invasive species because
many areas don't have enough food as is the case with the

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