The Atlantic Slave Trade And Its Impact On Africa

The Atlantic Slave Trade And Its Impact On Africa
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a part of African history that had made one of it's biggest impact on Africa's relation with the world and more
importantly on the inner workings of the country itself due to its large–scale involvement of many of the people in the continent. Although the slave
trade was so long ago the impact can still be seen in Africa's social workings within the people, its economy in the local and global market, and within
the political landscape of the countries.
The Atlantic Slave Trade's impact to the social workings of Africa were one not only in the personal connections of the people but in the culture as
well. During this trade many in Africa were left in states of fear of being taken feeling unsafe in even their own land. Another one of the effects the
Atlantic Slave Trade had on the social construct of Africa is in how their history and cultural identity resulted in the aftermath. Through the slave trade,
Africans were removed from their homes at a young age disallowing them from learning from their elders about their own culture. Even if that culture
was taught to them before hand, those captured would have been forced to assimilate into their new environment losing that culture and history they
once had. The Atlantic Slave Trade had also brought on a popularity in the use of domestic slaves used by upper class within Africa which brought on
another on set of issues particularly in Western and Central Africa. Because of several raids occurring to
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Amistad : The Atlantic Slave Trade
Topic: The historical subject addressed in the film, Amistad, is the atlantic slave trade. Although Britain outlawed the transatlantic slave trade in the
1807, it endured for nearly sixty years illegally after its abolition. Especially among countries like Portugal and Spain who held colonies in South
America and the Caribbean which were used for the production of labor intensive cash crops such as sugar, and heavily relied on the manual labor
provided by slaves. Working conditions in South America and in the Caribbean were so terrible that the average life expectancy of a slave was
twenty–three years. In the United States, however, working conditions were much more favorable. As a result, slave populations were able to increase
naturally, this explains why the number of imported slaves from Africa to the United States was incredibly small, and also why the majority of slaves
were imported from Africa to the Caribbean and South America. Theatlantic slave trade endured nor nearly three centuries, and brought over ten
million Africans to the Americas. Many African kings enriched their realms through the atlantic slave trade. However, the constant need for slaves
among European nations fostered competition among neighboring kingdoms. This created warfare, and slaves became the motivation for war. For
kingdoms to protect themselves from slave raids they needed European weapons, which was one of the main commodities Europeans traded with
African kings and merchants for slaves.

Effects Of Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic slave trade was and is enormously significant. The slave trade was only one part of the international network that shaped the world
between 1450 and 1750. Not only did Europeans break into the Indian Ocean spice trade, but American silver allowed greater participation in the
commerce of East Asia. Another big key was that fur trapping and trading changed commerce as well as the natural environment. Europeans wanted
commercial connections with Asia. Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama both sought for a route to Asia. Motivation above all was the desire
for the spices in Asia, although other Eastern products were also sought after. European civilizations just recovered from the Black Death. The national
monarchies were learning ways to govern more efficiently and effectively. During this time some cities were becoming international trade centers. The
Indian Ocean commerce was very rich and diverse. But the Portuguese did not have goods of a quality that was any effective competition. So the
portuguese took to the sea lanes. Portuguese ships were more maneuverable than other ships, and they also carried cannons. They established fortified
bases at very key locations such as Mombasa, Hormuz, Goa, Malacca, and Macao. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was an establishment of a Spanish base in the Philippines. It was first encountered when Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the globe from
1519 to 1521. The philippines had been organized in miniscule competitive chiefdoms. The Spanish took them over between 1565 and 1650, and
established full colonial rule. The Philippines remained a Spanish colonial territory until 1898. The Filipino society was the only major Christian
outpost in Asia. The Spaniards introduced forced relocation, tax, tributes, and unpaid labor. There were periodic revolts by the Chinese population. The
Spaniards expelled or massacred them several

The Decline Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade took place subsequently to the breakthrough discovery of the New World, also acknowledged today as North and South
America. The Trade established a global exchange or Triangular trade between the Americas, Europe and Africa. The exchange between the Old and
New world occurred to satisfy the enormous European demands for African labor on the plantations and for the colonization across the newly
uncovered land. Prior to the Atlantic Slave Trade, Slavery had stood alive and thriving for centuries, leaving places like Africa with an immeasurable
loss of human population. One stage of the Triangular slave trade was the Middle Passage, where millions of purchased and abducted Africans were
transported to America being exchanged for other marketed possessions. The Zong vcvv was one of the several slave ships to travel the middle
passage, leaving behind over a hundred deceased living beings and several court appearances. The abolition of the slavery in America did not begin
until the eighteenth century, almost two hundred years following. Amongst the immeasurable tragedies that transpired to Africans during the middle
passage, the executions and outcomes of the Zong ship massacre became one of the most influential catalysts for pushing forward the abolition of
slavery, remaining one of the most dishonorable and narcissistic occurrences to ever strike by exposing the immense atrocities of the middle passage
and Trans–Atlantic slave trade of the late 1700's.

Atlantic Slave Trade Research Paper
From the 16th to 19th century, the Atlantic Slave trade was the transportation of 10–12 million enslaved people of African descent. This happened
between Europe, Africa, and America, and these slaves were traded in for goods such as coffee, sugar and gold. The triangle trade was a trade
between 3 regions in the Atlantic, those regions consists of Europe, WestAfrica, and America. Slavery was very different in Brazil than it was from
the U.S. since Brazil had very harsh conditions causing higher death rate of slaves, and causing more of them to be transported to Brazil, in order to
replace those that had died. Furthermore, the slave trade consisted of people of the African the descent and were treated as objects and merchandise;
only to be bought and sold at auctions, or be traded in for goods, such as rum, alcohol, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So on and so forth, the Atlantic Slave Trade and slavery in Brazil allowed for racism to fuel capitalism by allowing capitalists to deem Africans as
inferior and objectify them to gain wealth.
Continuing on, owners who are degrading Africans to objects is a key point related to racism, objectification, and power. As Joao Dunshee
described, "Persons descended from a mixed blacks and white family were frequently referred to as cabras or bodes, both of which mean "goat."
Mulattoes are people mixed with mixed ancestry between white and black. The term goat is a derogatory term used to dehumanize a mulatto to make
them seem lesser than a human likewise an animal. This term made the white race feel powerful and superior making the colored races feel inferior.
Thomas Nelson, a medical doctor, documented the conditions of people rescued from slavery and noticed "Protuberances and anatomical peculiarities
of the bones can be distinctly traced by the eye" from their experience of being compacted in

Atlantic Slave Trade
The origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade were products of Western Europe's expansion of power that began at the beginning of the 1500's through the
1900's. The main contributing European countries to the Atlantic Slave Trade were Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England. Portugal
lead the movement during the 1400's and arrived in WesternAfrica in hopes to find Christian allies to spread Christianity against the Muslims of
Northern Africa. But they soon became more interested in trade (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011). Slavery, however, has existed in all cultures for
thousands of years. For example, Arab merchants and West African Kings imported white European slaves. At first, the slave trade focused on women
and children who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many times, especially during storms, the slavers neglected to feed the slaves or change the tubs and buckets used for toilets, as well removing
dead bodies (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011). Sanitation was also a major contributor to death and disease. Only about three or four toilet tubs were
provided for all of the slaves. Mortality rates were exceptionally high on the ships, averaging around 15%. Overall, about one third of all slaves died
during the whole process of moving them from Africa to the Americas. The main causes of mortality on the ships were diseases such as small pox,
malaria, dysentery, yellow fever and measles (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011).
There was however still rebellions from the captive slaves aboard the ships. Rebellions usually occurred when the ship was getting ready to set
sail or when they ships were still within sight of the Africa land mass, when there was still hope for the slaves to return home. Often times slaves
would actually starve themselves intentionally or try to jump off the ship to drown. But to combat this, the slavers would sometimes put nets on
the side of the ship to stop jumpers and to deal with those who would refuse to eat, the slavers would use hot coals to force individual's mouths
open to eat (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011). The women aboard the slave ships were treated very badly as well. They were often raped and sexually
abused. Many times, all of the women were kept in separate rooms to make it easier for

The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a system of slavery that took place between the 16th and 19th centuries. It comprised of capturing African tribesmen
and women from areas of Western and Central Africa and placing them into the colonies of the New World in North, Central, and South America.
Many countries like England, Portugal, Spain, Holland, and France, had participated in enslaving the African peoples. The African slaves were used
to exploit an array of commodities such coffee, cotton, rum, sugar, and tobacco, and eventually they had become commodities themselves. Often
times the slaves were treated awfully by their owners. Most were forced to work long and tiresome hours on plantations to acquire said commodities,
and then use them to create products that would be later sold. The slaves did not receive any profits from the sale of the products that they produced,
but they were paid with basic needs such as shelter and food. The revenue that was produced by slave labour was highly profitable, but in turn it was
counter acted by the cost of keeping the slave labourers alive and well. By the end of the 18th century a period known as the Industrial Revolution had
swept Europe, especially England, and her colonial partners. Never before had production been so cheap and efficient. Many believe that the
enslavement of Africans was necessary to initiate the industrial revolution. They believe that the slaves provided the foundation to the development of
the revolution, and without

Effects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
Fatal Bondage
The act of treating human beings as if they were animals, regardless of race or religion in the 15th century should have been a crime. The effects of
The Atlantic Slave Trade still lingers in today's culture. It was one of the vast developments that help shape the course of history as the World knows it.
Ultimately there is no way to justify who is responsible. Europeans and Africans should be held equally accountable for the destruction of the African
population.
The Ottoman Empire took control over Constantinople in 1453. When doing so they put an end to the supply of Slavic slaves. Before the 15th century
southern Russia was the main supply to slaves. While the Portuguese was looking for gold along the west coast of Africa they stumbled upon
something more significant to future economic growths. They found a readily available supply of slaves, nonetheless the Europeans will confide in
for their trade routes because of Africa being inclined to sell their slaves peacefully. With abolishment of Slavic slaves, and Native Americans being
vulnerable to European diseases the only option that the European seen open was to rely on Africa. The marginal Europeans were Christians that were
believed to be exempted from slavery. Then they were Africans immune to most diseases and were accustomed to labor, therefore being the perfect
candidate, not to mention the availability was thought to be unlimited.
The views that Europeans and Africans had about slavery were

Motivations And Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Motivations and Impacts of the Atlantic Slave Trade
The history of the Atlantic slave trade is long and sordid, from the working and transportation conditions to the structure of the trade itself. Historians
and scholars from all backgrounds have worked to understand the impact of slavery and why it went on for so long. Two scholars, John Thornton and
Mariana Candido, have extensively studied both the impact and organization of the Atlantic slave trade, but disagree on a few main conclusions. Upon
thorough review of both sides, however, John Thornton's ideas regarding the Atlantic trade are more convincing than Candido's, and by looking deeper
into each side it is clear why. To understand why Thornton's ideas on Atlantic slave trade are more convincing than Candido's, it is crucial to know
what Thornton's ideas actually are. In a broad sense, Thornton rejects the idea of the gun–slave or horse–slave cycle, which suggests that Africans
needed to trade slaves for military technologies from Europe so they could defend themselves against any enemy and more easily obtain slaves
(Thornton, 49). Thornton points out that this theory falls apart when faced with the simple fact that before 1680, any of the military technologies that
Europe had to offer were not absolutely essential to waging war (50). Furthermore, any of the technologies that Europe did have available as a means
of warfare would not have been effective in Africa. Since the weapons available were developed to

Atlantic Slave Trade Losers
What does it mean to win or to lose? Winning means to gain and to get possession of something by effort or fortune, and it can also mean to
overcome an adversary, especially by great effort. To lose means to suffer the deprivation of, and to fail keep, preserve or maintain. Considering these
facts, who are the real winners and losers of the Atlantic Slave Trade? I interviewed 5 people, and they all would say that Europe is the winner and
America and Africa are losers. The reason why Europe is the final winner of the Atlantic Slave Trade is because Europe gained possessions while the
Americans failed to keep what they have and Africans suffered from deprivation. The Americans failed to keep what they had, and they lost their
possession to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Europeans gained prosperity through the Atlantic Slave trade. Europe earned a lot of money through the slave trade. Also, the Columbian
Exchange that brought plants, animals, and food which helped Europe prosper. A couple of the most important items that the Europe got from
Americas were corn and potatoes. They were inexpensive to grow, and very nutritious, so they became an important and constant part of diets in
Europe, helping boost the world's population. Introduce quote and cite, such as: As US journalist Mr. Raymond Sokolov said in ______, "The culinary
life we owe Columbus is a progressive dinner in which the whole human race takes part but no one need leave home to sample all the courses." The
idea of mercantilism, which is an economic policy that increases a nation's wealth by imposing government regulation concerning all of the nation's
commercial interests developed during this time. According to the theory of mercantilism, it could establish a favorable balance of trade, which means
the mother country could use high tariffs on foreign goods so the colonists could only afford goods from the mother country. The prosperity that the
Europeans gained through the Atlantic Slave Trade facilitated Europe's development. The changes such as mercantilism that swept through much of
Europe during the age of American colonization also led to changes in European society. The economic revolution spurred the growth of towns and the
rise of a class of merchants who controlled great wealth. The slave trade promoted the industrial revolution in England, and a political revolution in
France because the increased population of Africans pushed Europeans to America, extending their influences. Even though the majority of Europeans
remained poor, the countries in Europe itself became prosperous. Also the new economic practices helped expand the power of European monarchs,
who became powerful

Essay on Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
March 7, 2006
Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery originated from Africa "after the Bantu migrations spread agricultural to all parts of the continent." Africans would buy slaves to enlarge their
families and have more power. Also, they would buy slaves in order to sell them to make a profit. It then spread out fromAfrica to Portugal and was
said, "it is estimated that during the four and a half centuries of the trans–Atlantic slave trade, Portugal was responsible for transporting over 4.5
million Africans (roughly 40% of the total)." There was one purpose of slaves and that was work, at little or no cost. Nobody wanted to pay others
when there really was not that much money in the economy to begin with. The Europeans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When slavery started to occur, the roles had to be altered. The male Africans were strong and used to working harder than the women, they were
usually the ones who were, at first, taken from the families and forced into slavery. When the men were gone, the women, who made up 2/3 of the
population, were forced to take over the men's jobs as well as worrying about completing their own jobs. That meant double the work for them,
which put them into a hard situation since a large amount of the time the women had children to deal with as well. Also, since Africa is where
slavery started, the whole society was scared of each other since the wealthier ones in the society were the ones who controlled slavery trade.
Slavery was determined by money, or lack there of. Some of the states would sell slaves to buy things such as weapons and the more slaves one state
had, the more powerful they were considered. In Africa, the slave traders preferred young males from the ages of fourteen all the up until the age of
thirty–five, because they can handle a heavier load of work. The European societies were breaking apart. "Many European traders who crossed the
Atlantic did not want to colonize, but only to profit from the trade." Therefore, Europeans were traveling away from their "native" lands, leaving
Europe behind and, sometimes even leaving families behind so that they could establish trade and acquire money in doing so. At first Europe only
wanted the

Effects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave trade was a trade of African people from Western Africa to the Americas. During this time, the "European settled on the islands like
Saint–Louis, Goree, Central May, or in the ports that were built along the coast, so it was the defensive possibilities of the island that made Goree a
slave center, and its position along the way to the New World fromAfrica" (Street). "When the Europe and the Indian populations in the Americas and
the West Indies died out, the New World looked at Africa since it was their last hope" (Street). The Portuguese would arrive and they would start to
come to the people and work something out as in giving them alcohol, wine, spices, guns, etc. and the Africans didn't think anything of it, so they
started collaborating with the Portuguese. The Portuguese left out a few things and didn't tell the Africans that they were going to start to build a slavery
. The Political conditions that happened in the New World was they would help one's ability to help capture and then sell them off to criminals or
strangers. "The Economic stand point in West Africa that made theAtlantic Slave trade possible was that large amount of land that was not being used,
it had very cheap labor for the enslaved Africans and, they had local plantation owners" (Street). The production of peanuts increased dramatically in
which the peasants and the slaves paid the highest price for them. During the drought, they started to have food shortages which affected

Changes In The Atlantic Slave Trade
Millions of lives were forever changed by the Atlantic Slave trade. Some were affected positively, in the case of slavers and wealthy slave owners.
Others, the men, women, and children captured and sold into slavery were affected in an overwhelmingly negative way. Slavery was perceived and
experienced in two distinctly different ways by Africans and Europeans.
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a never–ending cycle, so to speak, with each part playing an integral part in the continuum of the trade of human lives
for over four centuries. There is no "beginning," so I'd like to begin in a local market in the Igbo–speaking region of southern Nigeria in 1745. Olaudah
Equiano recalls a bit about these markets in his narrative, "These are sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But if the white men do not comply with it they will lose the aforementioned goods..." (Davidson, 1149) After all, why wait to receive only criminals
when free men and women can be stolen away and made to look like any other slave.
Soon after being taken by "the white men," Africans were branded, like modern–day livestock, with a hot iron with the letter of the name of the ship
transporting them. Europeans viewed Africans as little more than an animal, even saying the brand on their breast or shoulder, after being anointed
with palm oil, was "usually well in four or five days, appearing very plain and white after..." as though speaking of the

During the 16th to 19th century, an estimated 9.4–12 million Africans arrived in the New world via the Atlantic Slave Trade. There were two systems
of the Atlantic Slave Trade; the First Atlantic Trade System and the Second Atlantic Trade System. The First Atlantic Trade System was in the 16th
Century when Portuguese merchants were the major players the West African slave trade. They supplied African labor to the New World colonies of
the Spanish and the Portuguese. The Second Atlantic Trade System was during the 17th and 18th centuries when the British, French and Dutch
replaced the Spanish and Portuguese as the major players in slave trade in the Atlantic. The production of sugar in the New World required large
capital investments, a consistent supply of labor and investors who could guarantee both. The plantations were businesses and required skilled and
unskilled labor and large equipment to operate. At first, the Europeans enslaved the Amerindians, who were the natives on many of the "new lands". As
expected, many resisted and others fled to secluded parts of the land that the Europeans could not find while others died from diseases. Soon, the
population of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A slave by the name of Olaudah Equiano recalled in his autobiography, "When I looked round the ship too and saw a large furnace of copper
boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I
no longer doubted of my fate and quite overpowered with horror and anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted. . . . I asked if we were not
to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and long hair?" The slaves were placed in shackles and branded with hot iron; they were
barely fed and had to lay around in their own excrements, which led to diseases that later resulted in

Atlantic Slave Trade The Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on Africa because, it ruined the economy by draining them of their resources, caused
a major plummet in the population of West Africa, and caused greed among the community. Africa used to be full of life and the population was vast,
due to the events that took place Africa no longer has the resources to trade with other countries. The impact of the slave trade was large enough to
deny Africa from all of its greatness. Africa is now known for hosting small villages that are very poor and underdeveloped, Africans are unable to
fend off disease and they cannot afford the supplies and materials for cures. They were drained of many resources not just their people, Africa

Atlantic Slave Trade Rebellion
It is true that there may not be much documentation about the lives of slaves who were enslaved in the Atlantic Slave trade from the African slave's
perspective. That does not mean it didn't happen. The Africans who were enslaved in the Atlantic Slave trade by their slave–owners tried any way to
get out of their forced work. African slaves almost fought daily for their own equal rights and better lives in the form of rebellion and resistance to
their slave–owners. Resistance, rebellion and retaliation rates happened immensely throughout the Atlantic Slave Trade in the United States. Resistance
and rebellion to slave work would happen on different levels. From dragging their feet, to the extreme of either running away or murdering their ...
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The slave trade started by other African colonies capturing other Africans from other African colonies and Europeans trading guns and weapons to
the kings of the African colonies there prisoners. Around one in every 10 voyages there would be major rebellion among the African slaves. It got
to the point of them having many less slaves enter the market because the African slaves that rebelled and fought didn't make it and got killed or
thrown overboard. There is precise regions that the resistant's came from. The most rebellion prone areas were Upper Guinea, Senegambia, Sierra
Leone, and the Windward Coast, which had the slightest amount of participation in the slave trade. The ships the African slaves were sent on were
the most unsanitary conditions, they captions of the ship would put as many African onto the ship as possible making them live in their own feces
and dirt. Which so many of the slaves would die of diseases and other sicknesses. The African men would also commit suiside because they didn't
want to be slaves. This was a form of rebellion. This rebellion was natural. The African slaves were taken without their consent. Millions of slaves
didn't make it

The Trade Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
Peter Banyai
Historiographical Paper
Professor Hoag
12.2.2014
The Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most of the slaves were taken from West Africa, but the trade also
affected other parts of the continent. By the end of the trade, it became the biggest human migration to date. Generally, we know a lot about the effects
slavery had in the New World, but we have less information on how the slave trade affected African societies. Although there were no scholars which
contested the harm the slave trade caused, however, there is still debate over the effect of the trade within African societies. The debate over the impact
on demography and economy still exist today. However, in this paper it is argued, mainly due to the growing contributions from African scholars and
economists, that today historians are reaching a consensus that the slave trade caused long term effects on the demography, social structure and
economy of African societies. In this paper, I will focus on how the trade impacted African communities in regards to demography, social structure, and
economy, and I will demonstrate how the historiography in regards to these aspects has evolved to its present form.
Demographic of the Slave Trade
Before historians could really understand the impact of the trans–Atlantic they had to have a synthetized study on the demography of the trade
concerning several questions; 1) how many slaves were there? 2) Where they came from? 3) And to

Slave Trade In The Atlantic World
Lydia Wiley
Professor Clay
Final Draft
02, May 2017
The Slave Trade in the Atlantic World The slave trade within the Atlantic World took place amongst the Atlantic Ocean beginning in the fifteenth
century. The majority of the individuals whom became part of the slave trade were moved about on the triangular trade route to the New World. The
Portuguese empire in 1418 was the first to conform into the idea of the New World slave trade. In 1440 Columbus's discovery of the Americas created
a new Atlantic zone of human contact and communication that embraced four continents and one ocean" (Reilly,563). In 1562 the first slave voyage
from Africa to the Americas was conquered, which started a trend for other countries to follow. The Atlantic slave... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately the Slave Trade too has very loud negatives for example: On May 21st Mr. Clay, the captain of the East India Merchant purchased 1300
negro slaves and in a time span of nine weeks, each slave was observed and examined. The salves were placed in "factories" made of mud walls six
feet tall and had a "store–house" to bury the dead white men whom worked for the African Company who rarely made it out alive themselves, so not
only were the slaves at risk, the superior were too at risk. The slaves were beaten cruelly and were sold off like livestock by the hundreds. The
king's slaves were offered up for sale first and were considered "Rey Cosa", also known as the African kings special slaves although these
individuals were mostly the worst slaves to pick from, but oddly were the most expensive due to the owner's status. Next the buyers would have
surgeons come in and examine the slaves; examining their physical abilities. The slave sellers normally shaved the slaves that way it became
challenging for buyers to know their age, due to the fact that they were unable to notice gray hairs. The surgeons would look into the slave's mouths to
judge their ages based upon the level of tooth decay that was present. It was crucial at this time that the surgeons examined properly to assure that the
slaves were not "pox'd" because they would have the ability to

The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
CHAPTER ONE
RESEARCH DESIGN
1.1 Background to the Research Problem
For nearly five centuries – from the 15th century at the onset of the trans–Atlantic slave trade up to the 1950s when African states began to win the
struggle for independence, Africa was exploited as a continent. The natural as well as the human resources were taken with no returns. This great
pillage led to a complete halt of trade in Africa. Trade implies an exchange, yet the human resources were taken as slaves and the former colonial
masters took the natural and mineral resources without the consent of Africans through imperialism.
By the 1950s, several trade agreements were made to address the results of the pillage of Africa. Two YaoundГ© agreements and four Lome agreements
brought about the Lome Partnership Agreements between individual countries of Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Regions (ACP). These regions were
similarly exploited, with Africa being the worst devastated because of the slave trade. The agreements assured the colonialists of continued access to
the raw materials of Africa, which they needed. These agreements have led to the current Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations
between regional blocs of the ACP and the European Union.
Currently, the world market determines the prices of African natural resources, the reason being that Africa does not have enough industries to process
its raw materials and use them on a large scale. Africa's current participation in World

Atlantic World Slave Trade
The Atlantic World slave trade gave birth to an Atlantic world of people, goods, and cultures that spread, collided, and melded together to lay the
foundations for much of our modern world. The Atlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from
Africa to the Americas, and then their sale there. The 18th century was the great period of importation of slaves from Africa throughout the whole
new world and most of the slaves brought to Colonial North America came in the18th century. Roughly 280,000 slaves are brought from Africa to the
North American colonies between 1700 and 1770. More than three times as many Africans had boarded ships for the New World than Europeans.
This fact that highlights the importance of African contributions to everyday life and culture in the early Americas. The slave trade was a vital part of
world commerce. All the European countries in the New World used slave labor and battle for control of this profitable trade. Except for the king of
Benin, most African rulers took part in the slave trade. The slave trade was concentrated in western Africa, greatly disrupting its society and economy.
Prior to the Atlantic slave trade the African civilization was just as advanced in its own way as that of Europe. Africa was home to hundreds of
vibrant, dynamic cultures populating all parts of the vast continent. Africa had over 100 million people and they used tools and were farmers. Africa
had large cities

The Atlantic Slave Trade : The Impact Of The Atlantic...
When Columbus sailed to the what he thought was India, he would never know the full implications of his "accident" that changed the world.
Columbus's discovery of the Americas created a whole new avenue for competing European states to jockey for world dominance, and most
importantly, for wealth. In order to gain the power that Spain, France, Britain, and Portugal so greatly desired, an intercontinental trading network
called the Atlantic Slave Trade was established. The need for cheap labor and the desire for large profits brought slaves from Africa, to North/South
America. Slavery began to take a new shape, with a focus on plantation agriculture through a dehumanized class of workers. During the Atlantic
Slave Trade, slavery was primarily beneficial to European's. Not only did the Atlantic Slave Trade supply European's with the resources (primarily
crops) required to assume a position of world dominance, slavery also benefited Europeans by providing the wealth that was needed to compete with
traditional Asian powers. However, slavery during the Atlantic Slave Trade was detrimental to African's. They were ripped from their home lands,
brought across the Atlantic, and sold into a life of manual labor, and often abuse. Similar to how Columbus would never know the full impact of his
discoveries in 1492, Europeans during Atlantic Slave Trade would never know just how much it would catapult the European continent into a position
of power, meanwhile having devastating effects on

The History Of The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Slavery is a topic or section in history that has stained the world with its ever lasting impact. The topic can be discussed for ages and lead to many
different things, but the beginning of it all starts with the Trans– Atlantic Slave Trade. The Trans
–Atlantic Slave Trade is a significant part of the
history of slavery, mostly because of its duration, the horrible way the Africans were treated and because of the forced migration of the African people.
Throughout the time that the trade actually took place, Africans were transported to many different parts of the world. This lead to what we know as
the African Diaspora. Because of the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade different groups of people in various areas of the world are of African Descent. This
slave trade became the beginning of a very important part in history that became known as "the African Nightmare''.
The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade was a 350 year long global trade of African slaves that lasted from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th
century. The trade consisted of 36,000 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that transported around 12.5 million Africans to different parts of the Western
Hemisphere. The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade began because the Portuguese were no longer satisfied with the amount of gold they were getting from
trade with Africa. They wanted a commodity that would be quicker to use. Some African tribes had captured other Africans from tribal wars and
decided to sell them to the

Although the Atlantic Slave Trade (AST, hereafter) enabled a European–dominated international economy to mobilize, diversify, and prosper for
centuries; the indigenous populations enslaved to put in the labor to produce assets for said economy experienced a radical change of life,
unfathomable turmoil and grief, and in the most wicked cases, as did their offspring. The parameters of this paper will be restricted to: the development
of the AST (from its nascence to its peak), the economic implications and advancements, and the ethical conversation that was birthed from such a
monstrous phenomenon.
It all began after the 14th century, when the continent of Africa became the fountainhead of a slave trade, where the first outflux of slaves were
seized by Arabs along the Swahili coast, and later, European posts were dotted along the western coast. In 1441, on the western Saharan coast, a
Portuguese naval captain abducted a pair of Africans to sell them into the Mediterranean market. This is written to be the first stroke out of many
transactions that began the AST. Mind you, afterwards, only a relative few slaves were kidnapped by "white raiders".
The arrangement was originally a joint effort between African rulers and European businessmen where the novel, refined goods that the Africans
received from the technologically advanced Europeans granted them a militaristic and modern advantage over their indigenous, neighboring
civilizations. Keep in mind, some African states

Throughout history there have been many gruesome crimes committed. The records and information that have been written about African slavery are
one of the top atrocious crimes in history. By 1820, four slaves had crossed the Atlantic for every European. Between 1525 and 1866, in the entire
history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New
World. Only, 10.7 million survived disembarking in North America, the Caribbean and South America. However before the Europeans had arrived to
Africa there was already a slave trade in process. The Islamic slave trade accounts for nearly 9 million captured African slaves in the seventh century.
A tragedy of such magnitudes has no equivalence in any other part of the world. The slave trade had far–reaching consequences on every group
involved with it. Nowhere is this seen most than on the African continent, where developing nations were critically impacted in every level of society.
The slave trade had a negative cultural impact on families, larger social groups and established nations which ultimately changed the dynamics of the
African ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From across the Sahara, through the Red Sea, from the ports of the Indian Ocean and all across the Atlantic. Centuries of slavery begin for the benefit
of the Islamic empires. Followed by the slave trade to build the Americas which lasted about four more centuries. The Arab slave trade primary
purpose was geared towards the satisfaction of domestic needs. However, following the successful establishment of slave plantations on the islands
off the coast of Africa, the export of Africans to the New World supplied the workforce for the colonial plantations and mines whose produce was the
prime material of international trade. Gold, silver and, above all, sugar, cocoa, cotton, tobacco and coffee were the products used for

The Atlantic slave trade occurred across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. Approximately twelve million Africans were
taken to Europe which was their 'new world' against their will to perform tiring labor under terrible conditions. They were viewed as weird creatures,
not normal humans; they were treated brutally and they experienced harsh conditions and torture. The sources I analysed certainly did show how the
shaves of Africa were viewed in the eyes of the Europeans and the treatment they experienced.
Source 1 is a diagram outlining the placement of slaves in a ship for transportation. The name of this ship was the 'Brooks' and it was a British slave
ship of the 18th century. This ship was first drawn and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This description appears in his book 'Notices of Brazil' in 1828 and 1829. He describes all the slaves as resting close to each other between the
decks . According to this source there was barely space for them to sit and they were tortured severely. Examples of this torture include: being
branded with the owners marks, burnt with red hot iron, whipped for the slightest noise they make . The slaver and the officers quarrelled whether
they should give the slaves food or water. This shows how the slaves were dehumanised and that they were treated very harshly. The slaves struggled
and fought for a drop of water which to them was the most precious liquid. They suffered from mental and physical pain and they bowed down on the
floor to the strangers for mercy. The friends of Reverend notified him that this was one of the best conditions for the slaves in contrast to other ships
they saw. This shows that the Europeans saw the African slaves as strange creatures and they viewed them as uncivilised people who didn't need to be
treated like normal humans. This also shows that the main thing that they were interested in was the money they were profiting not the

Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a process that happened between the Europeans, Africans, and the New World. The Atlantic trade lasted for about 400
years affected people physically, mentally, and socially. About five to twenty
–five million slaves landed in America being sold and placed on
plantations that lasted until about the end of 19th century. This slave trade was a huge benefit for the Europeans that helped their economy grow,
increase trade routes, and gain as much power as they could. The Atlantic Slave Trade is one of the most detrimental marks in history due to the amount
of hatred and inhumane treatment of the African people. The role of slavery did make a significant impact on this society since this type of market was
bringing an abundance of money for European countries. This slave trade was beneficial for the European economy to skyrocket, expand their territory
and commerce in America and Africa.
European countries were seeking to find new ways of trade and eventually realized that the importation of humans would be a resourceful, powerful and
economically efficient way to expand more territory for the Europeans. Since the New World was rising, there was more need for manual labor to
increase agriculture production in 18th and 19th century. The Atlantic Slave Trade started in West Africa between the Africans and Portuguese on the
coast. The Portuguese had already established sea routes to the east but when settlement in America began trading in the west become

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Essay
One could argue that the only important factor of the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade is the creation of the political system in America; however, the
geographic aspects, economic developments, and social status of people are the most important factors created from the introduction of the
Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade. These three factors are significant elements of the slave trade, while the political system simply derived from these factors.
Without the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade, the United States of America would not be shaped the way it is today.
Politics are the foundation of a country; a nation is born when the political system is set. The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade had a considerable impact on
the political system of America. (The Colonial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade introduced Africans to America; the percentage of America that is white would be considerably higher without this
introduction. Throughout history, African Americans have been at the bottom of the social ladder. When slaves were brought over, whites saw them as
machines or animals instead of people. White people saw themselves superior to the blacks. After multiple generations, whites became highly
prejudiced against blacks. Because of their association of blacks with slavery, Americans refused to accept that blacks were human beings who should
have rights. The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade created a profound separation between the more privileged whites and black slaves. While the slave trade
created multiple social problems, there were positive outcomes. Once America finally granted African Americans freedom, blacks were able to
introduce their unique culture to society (Hardy). Throughout history, we can see that without the introduction of African slaves through the
Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade, we would be missing on much cultural enrichment such as language, religion, and art (Arduini). While the Trans–Atlantic
Slave Trade caused the negative way African Americans were seen to others, without the slave trade, the country would not be diverse like it is today.
However positive the increased cultural diversity is to America, it is equally negative that there is still a racial divide within society today that has not
been fully

Atlantic Slave Trade Dbq Essay
The Atlantic Slave trade was a trade involved with the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people. The triangle trade was a system
within the Atlantic slave trade in the 15–19th century used to transfer over 10 million slaves between Europe, Africa, and North America. Slavery in
Brazil was very harsh. Causing the majority of slaves to not even be able to take care of their children, take care of themselves, or live to average life
expectancy. Therefore During the Atlantic slave trade racism fueled capitalism with dehumanization, racial prejudice, and white superiority.There is a
lot of white superiority power and dehumanization.
In the Atlantic slave trade, African slaves were treated like animals or even objects. White people took advantage and mistreated them. A few examples
of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Luis was the son of a Portuguese gentleman descent and an African woman, he was born free in Salvador. In 1840, Luis was sold illegally intoslavery
by his own father. Luis Gama was only 10 years old at this time, and he himself was not only a victim of slavery but of abuse and
neglection.(Document F/"Who am I..") Slaves were not even treated as human. Slaves were severely dehumanized. Masters and others looked at
slaves as if they were animals, and created them that way too. In 1871, Senator Christiano Benedicto Ottoni of Minas Gerais proposed a speech
regarding the uprising death rates based on many years of personal experience. He pushes to prove that the deliverance of the newborn children from
slave women would create needed drastic changes to the issues of child mortality among enslaved people.Under deathly working conditions for
enslaved people within the system of slavery, in Brazil, only a tiny minority of children born of enslaved women lived long enough to grow into a
healthy adulthood. Children were neglected, and as the outcome of sickness and death was the fate of innocent babies. Slavery was the result of a
white superiority. In a

The Impacts Of The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade
When life becomes too hard humans tend to ignore the matter for as long as possible, but in some cases in history ignoring your problems is
impossible. A slave is a person who is considered property of another person and is forced to do work for them. Throughout history there have been
different kinds of slavery, some are a lot less violent than others, for the purpose of paying off a debt, or simply because one group of people does not
like another. The Trans–Atlantic slave trade took place during the years 1450 and 1850. The Old–World countries that were a part of the slave trade
were the British, Spanish, French, And the Portuguese. The Trans–Atlantic Slave trade affected individuals and societies on both sides of the Atlantic
Ocean in a negative way because of the degradation of human beings, population decrease in Africa, and the ignorance of people in Europe and the
Americas. The slave trade degraded human beings by exploiting them and making them live through harsh conditions. 1Olaudah Equiano was a
prince who was captured from his home and turned into a slave but later in his life he was freed. In Equiano's account, he described how his life
was as a slave. He also talked about the physical pain from being beaten and branded and the sadness he felt from being separated from his family.
Thomas Phillips was a European man who was aboard a slave ship in 1694. On the journey, he kept a journal that he wrote in. In the journal,

The demand of commerce, goods, and wealth during the 18th century proliferated the Atlantic Slave Trade. Slave labor arose as the vital machinery
that fueled the commercial enterprise of the European nations, making it the primary focus of European slave traders. Therefore, the facile access and
opportunity of procuring human labor from the West Coast ofAfrica allowed this region to obtain a prominent stature among the Europeans.
Accelerating Africa's prominence in the Atlantic Slave Trade were its natives who, in pursuing the wealth and goods of the Europeans, readily
participated in the practice of capturing other Africans and selling them as slaves on the Western Coast of the continent. Two West African regions
contributing to the massive slave trade were the Bight of Biafra and Bight of Benin. Though these two regions lie in close proximity to each other,
varying attributes concerning the structure of the slave trade can be assigned to each area. Such characteristics include the conducting of the trade by
middlemen in response to the arrangement of each region's governance, the means by which middlemen acquire slaves in each region, and the
mortality rates of each area. The structure of authority of the Bight of Biafra and Bight of Benin had a profound effect on how the slave trade was
conducted from these regions' respective hinterlands to their coasts. As the writings of Antera Duke and Olaudah Equiano suggest, the Bight of Biafra
consisted of scattered

Essay on The Atlantic Slave Trade
The changes in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although
the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to
Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and
outcasts. However, the number of persons held in slavery in Africa, was very small, since no economic orsocial system had developed for exploiting
them (Manning 97). The new system–Atlantic slave trade–became quite different from the early African slavery. The... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Africans also worked in silver, gold, copper, and bronze. Lastly, internal slave trade played a role in the economy. Slaves represented a small part of the
total value of African exports (Klein 56).
The tendency of communities to specialize in some phase of economic activity made it necessary that they maintain commercial contact with other
communities and countries in order to secure the things that they did not produce (Hope 16). Some villages, for example, specialized in fishing, others
concentrated on metallurgy, while others made weapons, utensils, and so on. Traders traveled from place to place to barter and to purchase. Upon
returning they were laden with goods that they sold within their own community (Hope 17).
As the Atlantic route expanded, accounting for nearly two thirds of all Africans leaving the continent, it created systems for the gruesome work of
collecting and exporting slaves and brought the expansion of a system of slavery in Africa itself. The rising prices for slaves, steadily driven by
increasing American demand, powerfully influenced local African developments where slave trade was well established. For example, in some
cases such as Kingdom of the Kongo to the south of the Zaire or Congo River, slave trade was quickly organized from a region that had only limited
slavery and became a steady exporter of slaves

The Atlantic Slave Trade Once the Americas had been colonized by the Europeans, the will of the Europeans to do laborious work significantly
decreased, and the native Americans could no longer be forced to work due to their being converted to Christianity.There was still a very high
demand for precious metals and other goods, and no workers willing to supply consumers with these goods. So, in order to produce goods for
consumers, African people were brought to America against their will to do this laborious work as slaves. The circumstances that the African people
faced were horrifying. The absence of humanitarian concerns made it so that the African people were treated more like animals than actual people.
When the Africans were initially captured, most were young children at play with their friends. They were brutally snatched by the Europeans and
taken on day long journeys to the coast where they would board the ships. When they made it to the coast, they were often put into a prison where
they would be held until it was time to board. None of the African people knew what was happening, making this experience all the more terrifying.
Offobah Cugoano describes the scene of his people being packed onto the ship, saying that "...it was a most horrible scene; there was nothing to be
heard of but the rattling of chains, smacking of whips, and the groans and cries of our fellow–men. Some would not stir from the ground, when they
were lashed and beat in the most horrible

Effects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade On Africa
Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa
The Atlantic slave trade existed from the 16th to the early 19th century and stimulated trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Over 12 million
Africans were captured and sold into chattel slavery off the coast of West Africa, and more than 2 million of them died crossing the Atlantic. These
outcomes of the slave trade are rarely disputed among historians; the effect of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa, however, is often a topic of debate.
Some academics, such as Walter Rodney, insist that Africans were forced to take part in the slave trade, resulting in demographic disruption and
underdevelopment in all sectors of Africa. Historian John Thornton acknowledges the negative consequences of the Trans–Atlantic slave trade, yet
contends that it was merely an expansion of the existing internal slave trade which African rulers engaged in willingly. A final case made by Hugh
Thomas completely contradicts Rodney's thesis, asserting that the slave trade was not solely responsible for decreasing Africa's population, and
furthermore, that it was primarily beneficial to Africa's economy and politics. The true outcome of the slave trade in Africa lies not entirely in any one
of these arguments, but rests rather in a combination of all three. Although the Atlantic slave trade was detrimental to the economic and social
development of Africa, the trade benefited a small portion of Africans, who willingly aligned themselves with

The cultivation of sugar was of central importance to the Atlantic Slave Trade, as the demand for sugar was rising yet its price made it unattainable to
many. With demand comes capitalist opportunity for economic growth, and as early as the 15th century, the Portuguese exploited human beings as
slaves in the sugar cane plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil, paving the way for continued use of "coercive labor" and the evolution of slavery as a
trade for the Spanish, Dutch and English well into the 19th century (Peabody). The pattern of trade for human beings destroyed the African culture as
the Triangle Trade ripped at the heart of tribal life, still impacting today's world through economic inequality and racism, as Africans were cruelly used
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although African slaves in the Caribbean and the Americas were torn apart from their families and displaced for centuries, they kept up their African
culture through dance, food and art. The effects on Africa's west coast also lingered, as the Portuguese left their Christian mark on the Kongo elite as
European and African cultures fused, all in the name of profit (Goucher, 7). While the developed role of the African merchant princes sidestepped
"inherited patterns of African political systems", these new merchants thrived as they gained wealth, guns and goods from trading with the Europeans,
in return supplying Europeans with slaves as they helped the Triangle Trade survive, thus ripping apart tribal life and "destabilizing" African culture
with violence. African livelihood was impacted causing economic inequality, as African "interior trade routes" were redirected as trading increased
along the coast. Additionally, the profit driven sale of millions of Africans into slavery to grow the Atlantic economy, was responsible for Africa's
population loss that affected not only their own agricultural production, but their technological advancements as well, furthering the imbalance still
seen today. The slave trade also gave rise to racism, as the slaves' dark skin

Noh Mohammed
Due Date: 4/29/16
SOCY 305–001: Dr. Hodo
What were the social, political, and economic motives of Europeans in initiating slavery and the Atlantic Slave Trade? The Atlantic Slave Trade was the
largest migration over the ocean, which promoted the transportation of goods and people among different continents. During this terrifying experience
about twelve million Africans were brought to the New World against their will to perform backbreaking labor under dreadful conditions. After being
caught, Africans were sold to European traders in slave markets on the west coast of Africa. These African traders sold the slaves for goods, such as
guns, alcohol, textiles, and other manufactured goods unavailable in Africa. Theses slaves were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Atlantic Slave Trade contributed to the instability as well as the expansion of politics in Africa. There was the distribution of ammunition in
Central and West Africa helped with the military and political supremacy of tribes in Africa. Political alliances were betrayed between slave traders
and African leaders. These alliances enabled the rulers to establish authority over their counterparts. Also some kings prospered and entire kingdoms
developed around this

Everyone has their own understanding of what slavery is, but there are misconceptions about the history of "slavery". Not many people understand
how the slave trade initially began. Originally Africa had "slaves" but they were servants or serfs, sometimes these people could be part of the master's
family. They could own land, rise to positions of power, and even purchase their freedom. This changed when white captains came toAfrica and offered
weapons, rum, and manufactured goods for people. African kings and merchants gave away the criminals, debtors, and prisoner from rival tribes. The
demand for cheap labor was increasing, this resulted in the forced migration of over ten million slaves. The Atlantic Slave Trade occurred from 1500 to
1880 CE. This large–scale event changed the economy and histories of many places. The Atlantic Slave Trade held a great amount of significance in
the development of America. Africans shaped America by building a solid foundation for the country.
The act of slavery was already happening in Africa prior to The Atlantic Slave Trade. The slave trade provided no restrictions, this caused chaos in
both Africa and America. Africans captured slaves and as the demand grew getting slaves became a motivation for war. This lead to internal conflict
in Africa that can still be seen today. An article in The Abolition Project did a good job summing up this statement, "Forms of slavery existed in Africa
before Europeans arrived. Some

Slave Trade In The Atlantic World The Atlantic slave trade was mainly happening between Brazil, Europe, Americas, and also Africa. Need for
workers in the Americas raises demands for enslaved Africans; So the Europeans went off to Africa to bring Africans to the Americas, Europe, and
Brazil. Africans withstand got diseases, have farming skills, and they were unlikely to escape. I think that the Atlantic slave trade was mainly caused by
people needing workers, because the Americas and many other places needed workers to do their farming,"cleaning, and more. Some causes of it was
that the Africans got split from their families, friends, their freedom, and the cultural differences. Even though when Africans came over to America
they kept,

Summary: The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic exchange started in 1444, when the Portuguese started to ship the slaves from West Africa to Europe. (Hardy, 2014) There were a few
conditions and circumstances that prompted the ascent of the Atlantic Slave Trade. One fundamental driver of the exchange was the improvement of
settlements in European nations. In America, for instance, being a province of England there was a vast interest for unpaid workers to give items like
sugar, tobacco and cotton plantations for the generation of the Europe market. This is when the slaves came into play. Paying workers to produce
sugar, tobacco and cotton plantations was not an option because the cost was to high to pay them. In addition, there was a lack of workers due to the
decrease in the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The development of this generation for fare animated population development, urbanization, woodland clearing for horticulture, and the extension of
interior exchange. Specifically, laborer generation for business sector trade expanded. The decay of subsistence creation in the field permitted
assembling to pack in the growing urban areas, further animating the development of town–nation exchange. Confirmation demonstrates a continuous
advancement of area markets in the zone amid the period. Even so, the whole process was ended and turned around when the Gold Coast was
changed from gold to slave fares, some piece of the returns being utilized to pay for foreign made Brazilian gold created with western African slave
work. Amid the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years, real regions of the Gold Coast endured termination and deurbanization, laborer market
generation declined, subsistence creation expanded, assembling and farming were by and by reintegrated in the wide open, and inward exchange by
and large contracted. The advancing constituent components of a free market system on the Gold Coast needed to hold up until the
late–nineteenth–century interest for cocoa and resumption of population extension provided for them a new

The Atlantic Slave Trade was a very important time in history. When the records of the Atlantic slave Trade are reflected upon ,the impacts of the
shipboards revolts are often times overseen .Although these revolts did have an immense effect on the political, views of the Slave trade. Richardson's
"shipboard revolts,African Authority,and theAtlantic slave trade". brings into view the fluctuating causes and effects of shore based, and shipboard
insurrection . Because of Richardson occupation it grants him reliability to all of his claims and supports his opinions His profession of studying
economics and international ,offers him a profusion amount of education in the countries which were involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Richardson
expose the indispensable impacts of shipboard revolts , African Leadership on the Atlantic slave trade, the author accomplishes this by painting out the
causes an effects of each specific revolt an also by exposing the progress.
The article was written to acknowledging the profuse factors & causes and that lead to these slave revolts.To validate the author's argument he made
use of different primary sources such as newspapers journal entries and books, to support his argument and claims. Some primary sources included are
those such as "The New Account of some parts of Guinea ,Letters in West Africa and the slave trade , And the Slave Trade, African slaves and the
demography of the Caribbean to 1750"(Richardson,2001,pg.69–74). Richards

The Atlantic Slave Trade And Its Impact On Africa

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