Running head: CRITICAL THINKING IN PSYCHOLOGY 2 CRITICAL THINKING IN PSYCHOLOGY 2 Dear Brittany, Thank you for sending your work to The Writing Center. I have provided written feedback in the margins of the paper to highlight some specific areas for you to address. I have also provided feedback and direction through a video that you can access by clicking on the link below: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zUdojw7FxBWT0T-1F-MnOJ2jqteJ7VOx/view?usp=sharing The link may take a few minutes to load, and, in the meantime, you will see a blank screen. Please wait for the video to appear. Please see the Paper Review and QA in Cranium Cafe Guide for details about scheduled paper review. Please note: You should be able to see the tutor’s written comments in the right margin of your paper. If you cannot, please make sure your Microsoft Word Review settings are set to Final Show Markup. If you are still unable to see the marginal comments, please contact the Writing Center. If you have any questions or trouble accessing your feedback, please email me at [email protected] You are also welcome to join us during Live Tutoring hours: https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/writing-center We want to hear from you! Please take the time to read the comments on your paper and watch your review. Then let us know what you think. Please click here (https://form.jotform.com/72916589616168) to complete the Paper Review Survey and provide your feedback. Thank you for your time, and I wish you well with your writing! Warmly, Allen, tutor Critical Thinking in Psychology Brittany Salley February 9, 2020 Critical Thinking in Psychology Introduction Introducing change in an organization more often than is met with confrontation, especially if such a change comprises of a redesign of the elementary work process and introduction of advanced technology . The article scrutinizes the introduction of intricate software systems to standard work processes within a business. Summary of the Article Literature review. Organizational retooling calls for cautious planning and communication to achieve effective execution. Risk acceptance at some level may provide an advantage to a business. Flexibility in an organization can be amplified when the management is enthusiastic to integrate lesson learned as part of the transformation management process. The majority of the participants lack a high level of technical knowledge (Long, S., 2010 ). The designers of social technology more often overlook the social knowledge fundamentals of change and fail to contemplate the degree of stockholder learning related to complete coziness with the technology. The degree of learning mandatory for effective application of technology can serve as a transformation management guide. Advance technological motivated transformation management and transformational restructuring necessitate equivalent changes in learning and organizational culture. Operative technology practice m ...

1. Running head: CRITICAL THINKING IN PSYCHOLOGY
2
CRITICAL THINKING IN PSYCHOLOGY
2
Dear Brittany,
Thank you for sending your work to The Writing Center. I have
provided written feedback in the margins of the paper to
highlight some specific areas for you to address. I have also
provided feedback and direction through a video that you can
access by clicking on the link below:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zUdojw7FxBWT0T-1F-
MnOJ2jqteJ7VOx/view?usp=sharing
The link may take a few minutes to load, and, in the meantime,
you will see a blank screen. Please wait for the video to appear.
Please see the Paper Review and QA in Cranium Cafe Guide for
details about scheduled paper review.
Please note: You should be able to see the tutor’s written
comments in the right margin of your paper. If you cannot,
please make sure your Microsoft Word Review settings are set
to Final Show Markup. If you are still unable to see the
marginal comments, please contact the Writing Center. If you
have any questions or trouble accessing your feedback, please
email me at [email protected] You are also welcome to join us
during Live Tutoring hours:
https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/writing-center
We want to hear from you! Please take the time to read the
comments on your paper and watch your review. Then let us
know what you think. Please click here
(https://form.jotform.com/72916589616168) to complete the

2. Paper Review Survey and provide your feedback.
Thank you for your time, and I wish you well with your writing!
Warmly,
Allen, tutor
Critical Thinking in Psychology
Brittany Salley
February 9, 2020
Critical Thinking in Psychology
Introduction
Introducing change in an organization more often than is met
with confrontation, especially if such a change comprises of a
redesign of the elementary work process and introduction of
advanced technology
. The article
scrutinizes the introduction of intricate software systems to
standard work processes within a business.
Summary of the Article
Literature review.
Organizational retooling calls for cautious planning and
communication to achieve effective execution. Risk acceptance
at some level may provide an advantage to a business.
Flexibility in an organization can be amplified when the
management is enthusiastic to integrate lesson learned as part of
the transformation management process. The majority of the
participants lack a high level of technical knowledge (Long, S.,
2010

3. ). The designers of social technology more often overlook the
social knowledge fundamentals of change and fail to
contemplate the degree of stockholder learning related to
complete coziness with the technology. The degree of learning
mandatory for effective application of technology can serve as a
transformation management guide. Advance technological
motivated transformation management and transformational
restructuring necessitate equivalent changes in learning and
organizational culture. Operative technology practice must be
well-thought-out as a slice of sequences of social, cooperative
relationships dubbed a technology support net (Long, S., 2010).
TSN empowers the usage of the technology appropriately by
creating an intertwined informational, physical, and
socioeconomic relations. Disruptions of advanced technology
result in resistance to change. Distinct points of view regarding
the meaning of technology may well be determined through the
impacts of the system redisposition on stakeholders’ daily plans
or influence level. A business process cannot go on disjointed
or secluded from the transformation process (Long, S., 2010). It
is critical to transforming TSN to embrace innovative outlines
of work, the organization's structure, as well as cross-
functionality for expertise inventiveness to fully flourish.
McCarter et al. endorse the necessity for training and
organizational education for any genuine transformation in an
organization's culture. Incorporation of supply chain structures
is impossible when there is no establishment of suitable cultural
alleyways to manage individuals (Long, S., 2010).
Methods
The researcher employed a case study Methodology, narrative
interviews
. The author conducted a succession of twenty-four in-depth

4. description interviews with integral participants to determine
the efficacy in project development at the societal interfaces of
the socio-economic structures. A quality approach was
employed
Results
There is a high likelihood of a communication breakdown
between system developers and participants. This
communication breakdown must be addressed. Additional
training will help lessen the interruption vertically and
horizontally. Lastly, decision making encounters rest with
expressively approaching the participants
.
Discussion
According to the results, all the participants admitted that
change was necessary and all approved that the change could
only be accomplished with considerable planning and
communication. However, several attempts to implement change
management have had limited success, as several stakeholders
complain of levels of forced participation among other threats
from the state.
Conclusion.
People are highly resistant to change which the change involves
loss of control over long-standing work patters or exposing
weakness from lack of understanding of the proposed change.
Stakeholders should be engaged through meaningful talks for a
better understanding of what the change entails.
Article analysis
Stakeholder perception (Nardi, P., 2017)

5. . Incongruent observations of the system will offer a robust risk
valuation than would perhaps form a lineup of stakeholders with
a similar familiarity. Initiating team building can help grow
confidence and identity questions that will promise considerate,
honest responses to learning setting and probable system
delinquent
.
Weakness
Brittleness of the technology employed (Nardi, P., 2017). From
the study, it is evident that the majority of engineers hardly ever
put into consideration the fragility of the technology compared
to those who lack technical expertise. As such due diligence is
called for when scheming their servility against the success of
the project. The study comprised methodological weaknesses
characteristic in qualitative research. The research design is
wedged by investigator predispositions regardless of efforts to
abate the bias
.
Reflection
Advance technology implementation in current organizations is
key to efficiency a
nd effectiveness. However, without stakeholder’s engagement
meaningfully can only inspire resistance to change (Andriof, J.,
& Waddock, S., 2017). Training and team building are among
the key were of getting an in-depth and truthful response and
deep and proper analysis of the risks of a given project. The
researcher would have narrowed down to a specific
representative number, and detailed interview other than
generalizing (Bryman, A., 2016). Focusing on departmental
needs and perception other projects would have yielded more
explicitly answers regarding their needs.
Standard check.
The study employed a typical issue-based sweeping approach

6. for analysis of the narrative interviews. A generalized reporting
scheme was used to add layers of confidentiality necessary to
preserve the anonymity of interviewees (Bryman, A.,
2016). Responses stayed coded by categorizing broadly the
subjects that survey levels of proficiency, teamwork, and
headship among others.
Conclusion
Critical thinking refers to the analysis of truths to deduce
judgment. Analysis of the article revealed that change
management is one big challenge for every organization. People
are enemies of change. Yet, proper involvement can yield a
much-desired result
.
References
Andriof, J., & Waddock, S. (2017). Unfolding stakeholder
engagement. In Unfolding stakeholder thinking (pp. 19-42).
Routledge.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford university
press.
Long, S. (2010). The strategic implications of non-technical
stakeholder acceptance in high technology system design and
implementation. Human Systems Management, 29(4), 205-215.
Nardi, P. (2017). Critical Thinking: Tools for Evaluating
Research. Univ of California Press.
�This should be at the top of the first page. Use Insert>Page
Break.
�Your wording here is too close to the original. When

7. paraphrasing from a source, you must put the information
completely in your own words and provide a citation or else it
can be considered plagiarism since the words are not really your
own. You may want to look at the tutorials on paraphrasing in
our Writing Reference Library: � HYPERLINK
"https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/using-sources"
�https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/using-sources�
�What article? You need to give the title and the author(s) in
the introduction. Also, you need a thesis statement which
indicates that this paper will summarize and analyze the article.
�If you are required to use headings and subheadings in APA
style, you will want to follow the directions in this tutorial: �
HYPERLINK "https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/article/apa-
headings-and-subheadings" h
�https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/article/apa-headings-and-
subheadings�
�Only the last name is given in the citation, no first initial.
(Long, 2010).
Be sure to fix throughout. Knowing what to include in a
parenthetical citation takes practice, especially because citation
formats vary for different kinds of references. Writers rarely
memorize these different formats, preferring instead to keep
their style guides and tutorials handy. You will want to do the
same! Here are two helpful tutorials for you to use (and save if

8. you wish!): � HYPERLINK
"https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/article/basic-citation-
guidelines" h �https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/article/basic-
citation-guidelines� and � HYPERLINK
"https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/apa-common-citations"
h �https://campus2.purdueglobal.edu/page/apa-common-
citations�
�When summarizing or paraphrasing, you need to write
completely in your own words. Here, you are going sentence by
sentence through the article and changing a few words or
reordering them slightly. That can lead to plagiarism problems.
Here is a way to approach summarizing/paraphrasing from
sources. Read the source material carefully so that you have a
solid understanding (you can jot down short notes). Then, put
the source material away and pretend that a friend or family
member has asked you about what you were reading. How
would you explain it to them without looking at the source
again? This way, you will write in your own words.
�For this section you want to generally summarize the
Literature Review. Use phrases like:
The author looked at several studies which showed…
Some of the previous studies the author used defined…

9. See?
�methodology with narrative interviews
�Again, rather than trying to take sentences from the article
and slightly change them, try to give an overall summary of the
methods the author used. What you have here is only a few
sentences from the methods section. There is a lot more that
should be summarized.
�This is only a few sentences from the end of the article and is
part of the Discussion section, not the Results.
�This is not a complete sentence, and I am uncertain what the
citation is for.
�How does this relate to analyzing the article?
�This sounds like it is being reworded from a source, but a lot
of the wording does not make sense. Phrases like “scheming
their servility” and “wedged by investigator predispositions”
sound like rewording by looking up synonyms.
�Text needs to be even with the left margin.
�The Standards Check is based on your textbook readings and

10. is about how the article is written, not its methodology.
�The conclusion should be about whether the study is effective
and well-written and documented.
�The reference page needs to be a completely separate page.
Use Insert>Page Break before the heading to ensure this.
Running head: SHORT TITLE OF PAPER (50 CHARACTERS
OR LESS) 1
SHORT TITLE OF PAPER (50 CHARACTERS OR LESS)
6
Please delete all red type prior to submission and fill in with
your original information.
This Assignment should be written adhering to the guidelines of
Standard American English. This means that your thoughts
should be well-organized, logical, and unified as well as
original with the viewpoint and purpose clearly established and
sustained. Standard American English guidelines also include
the use of correct grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.
All writing should be in in APA 6th Edition Formatting and
Citation style.
Unit 5 Assignment: Critical Thinking in Psychology
Student’s First/Last Name
Purdue University GlobalCritical Thinking in Psychology
This paragraph should be the introduction. Include a thesis

11. statement at the end of this paragraph.
Summary of the Article
Literature Review
Start the paragraph here, indenting all paragraphs. Do the same
for the sections below, up to and including the Conclusion. In
this section, summarize the literature review that appears in the
research article (this typically appears in the first several pages
of the research article). Summarize the theories the authors
discuss (e.g. social learning theory, positive reinforcement,
addiction recover models, etc…). Information about the amount
of sources the authors cite, the degree to which their sources are
current, and the depth and coverage of the literature review
would strengthen this section of your paper. Summarize the
hypothesis(es) of the study.
Methods Section
In this section, summarize the description of the research
methods the authors present. For example, you should address
the following questions. Who were the participants? How many
participants were involved? What procedures did they use in
this study? Did the researchers administer a survey or
psychological test? If so, what was the name of the measure(s)?
Results Section
In this section, summarize the research results, indicating
whether the researchers found support for the hypotheses.
Discussion Section
In this section, summarize the “Discussion” section of the
research article. What strengths and limitations do the authors
identify? What suggestions for future research do the authors
provide?
Conclusion Section
In this section, summarize the “Conclusions” section of the
research article. If the article selected does not have a
conclusion section, please delete this section from your paper,
DO NOT leave it blank.
Analysis of the Article
In the sections that follow, you should analyze the article using

12. the critical thinking frameworks from the textbook. Apply the
critical thinking frameworks, such as the Circle of Elements,
when discussing the strengths and weaknesses.
Strengths
Describe strengths of the research article. Use the SEE-I method
to support your main ideas. “State” or summarize the strength
you identify, “Elaborate” on why you consider it a strength,
provide an “Example” of the strength, and “Illustrate” your
main point. This section should use resources and be written
using an impersonal voice.
Weaknesses
Describe weaknesses of the research article. Use the SEE-I
method to support your main ideas. “State” or summarize the
weakness you identify, “Elaborate” on why you consider it a
weakness, provide an “Example” of the weakness, and
“Illustrate” your main point. This section should use resources
and be written using an impersonal voice.
Reflections
Supported Opinions
Reflect on what you read, and then discuss your personal, yet
supported, opinions regarding the research. This section should
be supported with resources, using an impersonal voice. This
may include, but is not limited to:
· how the research could be used or not used within their chosen
profession and why;
· speculation about other populations or samples and potential
outcomes;
· how the research could have been conducted differently and
what the potential results might have been, etc..
Standards Check
Review the “The Standards Check” critical thinking framework
and apply relevant standards to the research article. For
example, evaluate the clarity, accuracy, and/or precision of the
article and the arguments that the authors present. Incorporate a
discussion of the standards and how the article meets the
standards identified. This section should be supported with

13. resources, using an impersonal voice.
Conclusion
Include a conclusion section to bring closure to your paper.
Summarize your review of the article and your final thoughts.
References
Doe, J. (2013). This is a sample APA book citation. (2nd ed.,
Vol. 12, pp. 59–99). New York, NY: Purdue University Global.
Doe, J. (2013). This is a sample APA journal article. Sample
APA Journal Articles Weekly, 52(1), 34–76.
Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video
[Video file]. Retrieved fromhttp://xxxxx
Note: The following are two examples of citing videos in APA
format:
Example:
Doe, J. [digitalscreen]. (2015, March 23). How to cite videos
APA style [Video file]. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.schooltube.com/watch?v=8kjkj89809
If the user’s real name is not available, include just the screen
name and eliminate the brackets:
Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file].
Retrieved fromhttp://xxxxx
Example:
Digitalscreen. (2015, March 23). How to cite videos APA style
[Video file]. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.schooltube.com/watch?v=8kjkj89809
Outline
Include a copy of the outline that you used during the pre-
writing phase for this writing assignment.
This week you will revise your paper based on the Academic
Center’s feedback. You will submit your revised assignment,
along with the feedback from the Academic Center, to the Unit
5 Assignment Dropbox.

14. Review Guidelines, Rubric, and Resources
Before starting the assignment, be sure to review the assignment
guidelines entirely, as well as the following resources:
· Read pages 190 – 195 of the “Learning to Think Things
Through: A Guide to Critical Thinking across the Curriculum”
text. Note that you are required to read the full text during Unit
4.
· Review the Unit 5 Assignment Grading Rubric (under Course
Resources).
· Watch the video at http://ed.ted.com/on/cDhYHA9B#watch to
understand what a peer reviewed research article entails.
· Review “Critical Writing: Using the Core Process to Write a
Paper (p. 190-195) from your textbook “Learning to Think
Things Through: A Guide to Critical Thinking across the
Curriculum”
Identify and Appropriate Peer-Reviewed Research Article
After reviewing the guidelines and resources, you should
identify and download an appropriate research article to
analyze. Visit the Purdue Global Library and use the library
databases to find an article. Search for journal articles using
keywords associated with a topic in your chosen specialization
and future profession. Limit your search to articles published
within the last five years and that are peer-reviewed. The article
must review a specific, original research study (i.e., with a
specific research hypothesis; do not use an article which is a
review of the literature). The PG librarians are available to
assist you in finding an article. Once you identify an
appropriate article, download and read your article.
Follow the Six Step Process to Critical Writing

15. For this week’s Assignment you will work through the six-step
process by analyzing the article you chose from the library and
writing a critical review of the article. Additionally, be sure to
incorporate the following into your Unit 5 Assignment when
analyzing the journal article:
· Circle of Elements (Chapter 2)
· SEE-I method (Chapter 1)
· Standards Check (Chapter 4)
As described in the six-step process, you should create an
outline of your paper during the pre-writing phase. Use your
completed outline to write a 4-6-page critical review of your
library article using the Unit 5 Template as a guide.
Include the following in your critical review:
· Summary of the Article
· Analysis of the article
· Reflection
· Conclusion
Writing Requirements and Assignment Guidelines
Your Assignment should be a 4-6-page essay, not including the
Title and Reference pages, and should include the following
elements:
· Title page: Provide your name, title of Assignment, course and
unit number, and date
· Body: Answer the questions in complete sentences and
paragraphs
· The assignment must be written in Standard English and
demonstrate superior organization, including a highly developed
viewpoint and purpose. The communication of your thoughts
must be highly ordered, logical, and unified, displaying
exceptional content, organization, style, and mechanics

16. (including the use of correct grammar, punctuation, and
sentence structure).
· Reference Page: Sources in APA format
· Use Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced
· Use 6th Edition APA Formatting and Citation style
· If you need assistance with APA style, please visit
the Academic Center.
Submitting your Assignment
Create your essay in a word document. Save it in a location you
will remember and with the following format:
Lastname_FirstnameUnit5Assignment. When you are ready to
submit it, click on the Assignment Dropbox and submit.
You will complete this assignment in two stages over a two-
week period. This week will involve writing a full draft of the
Unit 5 Assignment and then submitting your paper to the
__________. You will submit this draft to the Writing Center
and your instructor by the end of Unit 4.
Next week in Unit 5 you will revise your paper based on
Writing Center’s feedback. You will submit your revised
assignment, along with the feedback from the Writing Center, to
the Unit 5 Assignment Dropbox.
Preview the Unit 5 Assignment.
For the Unit 4 Assignment, you will write your first full draft of
the Unit 5 Assignment and submit it to the _____________ for
feedback to use in Unit 5. You will be assessed on whether you
submit the full draft to the Writing Center as well as this week’s
dropbox.
Writing Requirements and Assignment Guidelines
Your Assignment should be a 4-6 page essay, not including the
Title and Reference pages, and should include the following
elements:
· Title page: Provide your name, title of Assignment, course and
unit number, and date

17. · Body: Answer the questions in complete sentences and
paragraphs
· The assignment must be written in Standard English and
demonstrate superior organization, including a highly developed
viewpoint and purpose. The communication of your thoughts
must be highly ordered, logical, and unified, displaying
exceptional content, organization, style, and mechanics
(including the use of correct grammar, punctuation, and
sentence structure).
· Reference Page: Sources in APA format
· Use Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced
· Use 6th Edition APA Formatting and Citation style
· If you need assistance with APA style, please visit the Writing
Center.